Áyarikana Ínyaukahi!

[Micamo]

my big fat greek wedding

You've got to be kidding.

[Ossicone]

my big fat greek wedding

You've got to be kidding.

Nope. It was the first thing to come to mind when trying to think of a phrase to use several affixes.

Now do it or there will be no verbs!
¡Tsaláh ní-ahi íkinusatatim!

[Micamo]

my big fat greek wedding

You've got to be kidding.

Nope. It was the first thing to come to mind when trying to think of a phrase to use several affixes.

Now do it or there will be no verbs!
¡Tsaláh ní-ahi íkinusatatim!

*sigh*

Itxútirnagiriknabiluunatat.

[Ossicone]

The Verbs of Inyauk:
Much like the nouns, verbs in Inyauk rely heavily on affixes. There are no irregular verbs. There is also no verb 'to be.' As you may have noticed the noun adjectizer often translates to the verb 'be.'

Note: I will provide English translations for your benefit, but do not take them literally. So, just because something translates as 'running' does not mean it is a gerund form. Also, English and Inyauk tense do not line up very well; so it is in your best interest to try to understand based on the affixes and not rely too much on the translations.

Tense: There are three tenses in Inyauk - present, past and future. The present tense is not explicitly marked, if tense is not given then the present is assumed. The past is formed by adding the suffix -al, and the future is formed by adding the suffix -ab.

Aspect: There are three aspects in Inyauk - a starting action, a continuous action, and a completed action. Aspect must be marked on verbs! Aspect will always be placed after the tense. Starting actions are marked with the suffix -am, continuous actions are marked with the suffix -ana and completed actions are marked with the suffix -ak.

[Micamo]

How would you express the simple aspect, as in English "I jog every morning?" Granted the simple aspect isn't all that useful in conversation but I'd still like to know.

[Ossicone]

How would you express the simple aspect, as in English "I jog every morning?" Granted the simple aspect isn't all that useful in conversation but I'd still like to know.

You don't.

Txím txáknaapilana.
ʧí-im ʧák-na-apil-ana
1sg-AGT run-ADJ-day-CNT
'I run daily.'

[Micamo]

How would you express the simple aspect, as in English "I jog every morning?" Granted the simple aspect isn't all that useful in conversation but I'd still like to know.

You don't.

Txím txáknaapilana.
ʧí-im ʧák-na-apil-ana
1sg-AGT run-ADJ-day-CNT
'I run daily.'

So you just use the progressive? Alright.

Though this brings up another quesiton. It's not always obvious what is meant by the adjectizer. With nouns it's fairly straightforward as it makes equivalences and comparisons, but with verbs it's not so obvious. In the given example "-naapil-" is used to denote the habitual aspect. How do you differentiate the comparison function of the adjectizer with the aspect function in verbs?

[Ossicone]

The Postpositions of Inyauk: To me postpositions are fundamental to Inyauk. In a properly formed sentence all nouns must have a postposition. Up until now these lessons have been pretty simple, but the introduction of postpositions means entering a more complex world.

One way of conceptualizing how postpositions work in Inyauk is to see them as ropes hooking the nouns back to the verbs. They specify how the nouns work with the verb. In Inyauk they function as a kind of case marker as well. (So don't shoot me for what is about to come, I swear calling them postpositions will make more sense later.)

Agent: This is probably the most used postposition. It denotes the agent of an action. It is used by placing the suffix -im after the noun.

Note: Postpositions are always the final elements attached to a word.

Now you may be saying -im? Isn't that the same as the feminine? Yes, yes it is. Trust me when I tell you that they are not ambiguous.

Example:
ʧím ʧákana
ʧí-im ʧák-ana
1sg-AGT run-CNT
'I am running.'

As an observant student I'm sure you are going "But why is it ʧím and not ʧí-im?"
This is one of the few irregularities of Inyauk. Postpositions beginning with /i/ drop the /i/ when being attached to pronouns ending in /i/.

Example:
ním
ní-im
3sg-AGT
'He/She/It'

níʔim
ní-im
3sg-FEM
'She'

However this is not the case for regular nouns.

Example:
dáriim
dári-im
magic-AGT

dáriim
dári-im
magic-FEM

Practice: Please translate the following phrases. They will all use the agent postposition.

run-ʧák
jump-sálmar
dance-sáal

He ran.
They ran. (3pl)
I am jumping.
We are about to dance. (1pl)
You danced. (2sg)

Spoiler:

ním ʧákalak
ʧím sálmarana
ʧúm sáʔalam
fím sáʔalalak

I hope those weren't too painful. Let me know how it went.

[Micamo]

Question: How do you get "about to" from the present-start aspect? More intuitively I'd translate that one as "I start running" and use "about to" with the future-start aspect. Though I don't know how you'd make that different from "I will start running."

[Ossicone]

Question: How do you get "about to" from the present-start aspect? More intuitively I'd translate that one as "I start running" and use "about to" with the future-start aspect. Though I don't know how you'd make that different from "I will start running."

Present-start can be 'I start running' or 'I am about to start running.' Present doesn't have to mean this moment exactly now, it can be the time around the present. So if you are about to do something, it is in that buffer zone. Plus it seems a lot more useful as 'I am about to...' then just 'I start.' 'I will start running' is farther in the future. It's simply down to how you view time, to me it makes absolute sense to have PRS-SRT be 'about to do something.'

Although, I should have explained this more thoroughly before.

[Ossicone]

The Postpositions II:

Object: This is used to indicate object of a verb (I swear calling it a postposition will make sense, just have patience.) It is marked with the suffix -aja. Generally, it is used in conjunction with the Agent.

Example:
ʧím náraaʧalak níʔaja
ʧí-im náraaʧ-al-ak ní-aja
1sg-AGT hit-PST-END 3sg-OBJ
'I hit him.'

Because all nouns are obligatorily marked, word order is free. So the following are also acceptable. SVO is the 'default' order, with variations emphasizing the first element.

ʧím níʔaja náraaʧalak

náraaʧalak níʔaja ʧím

náraaʧalak ʧím níʔaja

níʔaja ʧím náraaʧalak

níʔaja náraaʧalak ʧím

Practice: Please translate the following sentences. All verbs listed will take AGT and OBJ.

súsik -to know (a person)
xáʧ- to bite
líbur-to look for
símaakat-fish
river-lúmar

We know him. (1pl)
The cat bit the fish.
He is looking for a river.

Spoiler:

ʧúʔim súsikana níʔaja.
inákaim xáʧalak isímaakataja.
ním líburana naxlúmar.

[Ossicone]

The Postpositions III:

Possessor: This is used to indicate the subject of a sentence that is also in possession of something. It is marked by the suffix -ir.

Possessed: This is used to indicate the object of a sentence that is also posed by something/someone. It is marked by the suffix -at.

Example:
ʧír físana naxnákaat.
ʧí-ir fís-ana nax-náka-at
1sg-PSR have-CNT IDF-cat-PSD
'I have a cat.'

However, it is common proactive to drop the verb 'fís' / 'to have'

So the above would be: ʧír naxnákaat

Practice: Please translate the following sentences. All verbs listed will take PSR and PSD

fís-to have
gál-to drop
úʃan-to recieve
feel(an emotion)-xíriip
knife-áxaut
ball-lúm
shoe-íʦiim
happy-áan
gift-píʧ
súsik-to know

I feel happy.
You have a knife.
The man dropped the ball.
She knows the answer.

ʧúʔir úʃanalak ipíʧat.
ibátir íʦiinimat

Spoiler:

ʧír (xíriipana) áʔanat.
Fír (físana) naxáxautat.
iʔíɲakir gálalak ilúmat.
nír súsikana bájarat.

We received the gift.
The child has shoes

[Ossicone]

Translation Exercises!

It's been a while since my last lesson. This is because I wasn't sure how to introduce the rest of the postpositions*, but now I think usage is the best way to learn. Here is a table with all the affixes of Inyauk. It's basically a cheat-sheet to Inyauk.




So if you wish to learn more, please translates the following sentences:
I will post the answers later, because some of these are pretty challenging so I don't want to you tempted to peek.
Also, I probably skipped/missed something, so let me know if you are stuck.

Easy:
ʦaʔáp ʧínim

nínatunsanat ir ní ax

ʧím jaθúrak apjaʦíbimaf

Moderate:
naxmísaaunaajisatim sáʦulana nuʔúranaf

ním físana míraaʔuntunaja ir ʦáʔuur ax

ʧúʔim θirisatáʔarabam iʔíkinusia

Difficult:
nínakiʔaunim inlútaanixa wa inθarmáʔurixa múrinalak naxaʔáʔaʧjinpirinaaufanaaduusaaʃ

láʧalnaiʦuntaraʧiim ípijaalak naxútiluʧat ir ním marmúrinabana íɲaukixa ax

Ridonkulous:
Itá-arbaihuraxnaatxakarusi Fálumirukba-AimabaSaranaa-Ikirna-Utxalia i-átxakarnaanyamaaiganahi. Zú-im yasúsiknayupana ir itxúralbataarir físalak nísinaaludaanat ar nísinaatxisaurat ah. Sálutxat naxáyarikbahuraxnaatxakarnamiyanahi súlalak nánakarahi ikánupaahuraxba-UtsalbaFalimirukaya. Nátsiha ihúraxil tsúraalak naxtú-unaknasiwataya irásunbaKirantxanbaAxdarbaTxurinaYunania úrukaruhan. Nahrúnbanahatxakaurir lú-utana ir ihúraxnaurukaril tsúraalak naxu-úlat gáyaranahi irásunaaUtsalbaFalimiruk ah. IgídirafbaUtsalbaFalimirukir nilafísana nísanaaludanat, ním nilaláhabam ilíruuxnakilahi kánatauratil naha-árautaapiralusi.

Lex:
and - wa
or - ar
one - kíl
seventy - píral
poor - kían
tall - sánat
wife/husband - lútaan
citizen - rásun
wood - úfan
stone - dúusa
flower - mísaan
son/daughter - már
friend - míraan
enemy - ʦáur
desire - nísin
city council - xúraʃ
region - kántar
emergency - míjan
death - gídiraf
house - káaʧ
self - ʧísaur
war - líruuʃ
many - rún
today - sál
night - útil
year - xárat
place - úran
person - íɲak
reson - ʧúral
murder - gájaran
short - pírin
anger - ígan
power - lúdan
pretty - jísat
now - júp
god of destruction - íʦuntaraʧi
to add - náts
to do - láx
to live/reside - múrin
to grow - sáʦul
to have - fís
to send - tsúra
to descend - ípija
to command - túunak
to detain - síwat
to go - áp
to order - súl
to meet - ájarik
to stun - áɲam
to occur - súl
to know - súsik
to kill - táar
to believe - lout
to send - ʦúra


Atxakar Region - áʧakar
Úrukar Region - úrukar
Falimiruk - a clan name (Red Forest)
Kiranʧan - a clan name
Áima - Female name
Sáran - Male name
Íkir - Male name
Útsal - Male name
Axdar - Name (tree)
Txuri - Male name
Junan - Name
Látxal - The Goddess of Destruction


Relative clause start - ir
Relative clause end - ax


*Okay, so maybe they're case markers. But I don't give a fuck, I call them postpositions.

[Ainuke]

Aren't PREpositions supposed to come before, and not as a suffix. xP
I'd really like to know what the name is for the ones that come after btw.


And Ossicone, if I had to learn ONE Conlang, it would definitely be Inyauk. ;D Even over Esperanto/Lojban or whatever. It's just so cool :3. I'm even honouring the language by using "iɲak" as the word for Person in my language lol.

[Ossicone]

Aren't PREpositions supposed to come before, and not as a suffix. xP
I'd really like to know what the name is for the ones that come after btw.

I know... I can usually catch myself and put postposition. But I am guilty of using 'preposition' to mean 'adposition.'

And Ossicone, if I had to learn ONE Conlang, it would definitely be Inyauk. ;D Even over Esperanto/Lojban or whatever. It's just so cool :3. I'm even honouring the language by using "iɲak" as the word for Person in my language lol.

Yesss! You are my new favorite person here. :D

[Ainuke]

*Feel special*

[Micamo]

So... when's the next lesson? I've been waiting for a while now ;-;

[Ossicone]

So... when's the next lesson? I've been waiting for a while now ;-;

I've been kind of busy with life, and I didn't know you were still interested.

Hopefully, I can get something in the next week.

[Micamo]

Just because I'm not talking doesn't mean I'm not listening.

[MrKrov]

It's usually best to let the other party know anyways.