Without further adieu, here's the phonology:
Phonology
Consonants:
/m n nj~ɲ/ m n ň
/p t ts' tj~tʃ tʃ' k kx' ʔ/ p t t' č č' k k' '
/(f) s sj~ʃ h/ (f) s š h
/l j lj~ʎ w/l y ľ w
Vowels:
Short:
/i u/ i u
/e o/ e o
/a/ a
Long:
/i: u:/ ii uu
/a:/ aa
Murmured(breathy voiced):
/iɦ uɦ/ ỉ ủ
/aɦ/ ả
Diphthong:
/aj ej oj uj aw ew ow iw/ ai ei oi úi au eu ou íu
(<i> and <u> represent /j w/ when before a vowel so the ´ helps differentiate /wi ju/ <ui iu> from /uj iw/ <úi íw>)
Phonotactics:
(C1)C2V(C3)
C1: Any obstruent except for /h/
C2: Any consonant
C3: /m n ɲ l ʎ s ʃ h ʔ/
G: /j w/
All syllables must begin with at least one consonant.
Geminates may exist as long as they are word internal and are adjacent to at least one vowel.
Vowel Harmony:
If a word contains a murmured vowel, all vowels and resonants to the right of that vowel become murmured as well, even if there isn't a phonemically murmured form of that vowel: ảkeni [ʔaɦkeɦnɦiɦ]
However, this process can be blocked by either a long vowel or a glottal(ized) consonant: pảtuuna [paɦtu:na] ủnak'a [ʔuɦnɦaɦkx'a]
Stress/vowel reduction:
Syllables are separated into 3 weights:
Light: (C)CV
Heavy: (C)CVC, (C)CV[+long]
Superheavy: (C)CV[+long]C
*For the sake of brevity, I will be considering diphthongs and phonemically murmured vowels to be long)
Primary Stress:
If there is a single heaviest syllable, it receives primary stress.
If there are no heavy or superheavy syllables, then the initial syllable receives primary stress.
If there are two or more equally heavy syllables, then the leftmost of them receives primary stress.
Secondary Stress:
In words with 2 syllables: No secondary stress
In words with 3-4 syllables: (1-2 stressed syllables max)
If there is one or more heavy or superheavy syllables that do not already have primary stress, then secondary stress falls on the heaviest then leftmost eligible syllable. If not, no syllable receives secondary stress.
In words with 5+ syllables: (2-3+) (An additional stressed syllable is given for every 2 syllables past 5)
If there is one or more heavy or superheavy syllable that does not already have primary stress, then secondary stress falls on them in order of weight then leftness, until either there are no eligible syllables remaining or the maximum number of stressed syllables has been reached. If there are no eligible syllables, then no secondary stress is given.
Vowel reduction:
Vowels that do not have primary or secondary stress reduce as follows:
/i u e o a/ > [ɪ ʊ ǝ ɛ ǝ]
/i: u: a:/ > [ɪj ʊw ǝɰ]
/aj ej oj/ /aw ow ew/ /iw uj/ > [ɛj] [ɔw] [ʉ:]
Allophony:
*obstruents (/p t tʃ k s ʃ h/) are realized as ejectives when followed by an ejective. /p/ becomes [kx']
*[nj tj sj lj] are in free variation with [ɲ tʃ ʃ ʎ], but educated speakers tend to use the former
*many speakers devoice /w/ to [f] word initially
*clusters of ostruent-glottal stop or glottal stop-obstruent are realized as an ejective. Again, /p/ becomes [kx']
*/ts' tʃ' kx'/ are realized as /t' tj' k'] when preceded by an ejective
*/h/ is realized as [x] when before a high vowel, following a consonant, or in the coda. It is realized as [f] when adjacent to /p m/ or when in the onset of a syllable with /p/ in the onset of the following syllable
*any resonant [m n l ɲ ʎ j w] is breathy voiced [mɦ nɦ lɦ ɲɦ ʎɦ jɦ w]
*/m n ɲ/ assimilate to [m] [n] [ɲ] and [ŋ] before [p f w m] [t ts' s l n] [tʃ tʃ' ʃ ʎ j] and [k kx' x] respectively
