shimobaatar wrote: ↑21 Dec 2020 22:08
Day 21
Gán Vẽi (Entry 21):
kỏu /kow˨˩˨/ (
inanimate or
animate)
Noun:
1. (inanimate) hell; the realm of demons and the damned
2. (animate, collective) demons, evil spirits
3. (inanimate) hell, inferno, perdition, (unpleasant) afterlife
4. (inanimate) cave, cave system
5. (animate) subterranean ecosystem, cave ecosystem
6. (inanimate, informal) pain, suffering, agony
7. (animate, collective, informal) bandits, gang members, gangsters, mobsters, mafiosi
8. (animate, informal) earthquake, seismic activity
9. (inanimate, informal) a particularly dense forest or steep mountain
kỏu /kow˨˩˨/ (
comparative kỏu ma /kow˨˩˨ ma˧/)
Adjective:
1. hellish, infernal; of or pertaining to hell
2. demonic, devilish, evil; of or pertaining to evil spirits
3. of or pertaining to an unpleasant afterlife
4. cavernous; of or pertaining to caves
5. subterranean, underground; of or pertaining to the ecosystem of a cave
6. (informal) painful, suffering, in agony
7. (informal) of or pertaining to organized crime
8. (informal) seismic; of or pertaining to earthquakes
9. (informal) dense, steep, difficult to traverse (of a forest or mountain)
kỏu /kow˨˩˨/ (
causative xā kỏu /ɕa˥ kow˨˩˨/)
Verb:
1. to work, to act, to cause trouble (of demons)
2. (informal) to be in prison
3. (rare) to explore underground, to go spelunking
4. (rare) to mine, to dig, to prospect
5. (rare) to live in a cave, to live underground, to hibernate (of animals)
6. (informal) to suffer, to be in pain, to be in a state of agony
7. (informal) to raid, to rob, to plunder, to extort, to racketeer
8. (informal) to shake (of the earth)
9. (rare, informal) to have a difficult time traveling
kỏu /kow˨˩˨/
Preposition:
1. (dated, poetic, rare) below, under; lower than
2. (dated, poetic, rare) under; spanning from below
3. (dated, poetic, rare) beneath, under, underneath; cradling, supporting, covering from below
4. (dated, poetic, rare) below, beneath, under, underneath; falling short of
Etymology
From Old TBD
goo "hell, cave, ground, soil", from Proto-TBD
*gɔɔ "earth, ground".
...
Example sentence:
Kỏu mãu dũp da ye gỏm pé sīp ngàt yé.
/kow˨˩˨ maw˧˩ ɗup˧˩ ɗa˧ je˧ ɣom˨˩˨ pe˩˧ sip˥ ŋat˥˧ je˩˧/
[kɔw˨˩˨ mɑw˧˩ ɗ̪ʊp̚˧˩ ɗ̪aː˧ ʝeː˧ ɣɔ̃m˨˩˨ peː˩˧ sɪp̚˥ ŋat̪̚˥˧ ʝeː˩˧]
kỏu mãu dũp da ye gỏm=pé sīp ngàt=yé
hell at night area PROX 3s.HAB=bark roam love=HSY
Demons love to roam around and wail at night around here, they say.
Thedish (Entry 21):
yeighel /ˈjɛɪ̯xəl/ (
plural yeighels /ˈjɛɪ̯xəls/)
Noun:
1. (dated) party, celebration, social gathering
2. feast, feast day, holiday (especially a minor or local one)
3. fair, fest, fête, festival, fundraiser, event
4. fairgrounds
5. fair, funfair, carnival, circus
6. farmers' market, Christmas market
7. (informal) birthday, name day, anniversary
8. jubilee
Alternative forms
yiyghel,
yeeghel
Etymology
From Old Thedish
jehhel, from Proto-Germanic
*jehwlą. Compare Finnish
juhla.
Usage notes
In theory, any holiday could be called a
yeighel, but the term is more likely to be applied to minor feast days and local celebrations characteristic of particular towns or regions. Speakers may refer to major holidays this way in order to emphasize their personal connections to these celebrations or to indicate that they are specifically referring to the particular traditions of their family or town surrounding that holiday.
Frequently,
yeighel refers to generally secular events, especially those that are small-scale, community-organized, and open to the public. It is also commonly used for traveling fairs, carnivals, circuses, and other kinds of amusement-oriented exhibitions, as well as for seasonal markets and periodic agricultural events.
Sense 1, referring to a private party or more intimate social gathering, is decidedly dated and likely to sound pretentious to modern ears if the speaker using
yeighel in this sense fails to adequately convey their humorous intent. Sense 7 is more likely to refer to, for instance, the date on which someone was born than an event in celebration of someone's birthday.
yuel /ˈjyːl/ (
plural yuels /ˈjyːls/)
Noun:
1. Christmas, Christmas day
2. Christmastime, Christmastide, Yuletide, the 12 days of Christmas
3. (archaic) December
4. (archaic, rare) January
5. the winter solstice
6. midwinter
7. (historical, Germanic paganism) Yule, Yuletide
8. (neopaganism) Yule, Yuletide
9. (rare) any midwinter or winter solstice festival
Alternative forms
yule,
Yuel,
Yule
Etymology
From Old Thedish
jēol, from Proto-Germanic
*jeulō, the nominative/vocative/accusative plural form of
*jehwlą. Compare English
Yule, Icelandic
jól, Faroese
jól, Finnish
joulu.
Usage notes
When referring to a particular holiday or period of time,
Yuel is often capitalized. It it still accepted as a name for the Christian holiday celebrating the birth of Jesus, although names containing
Crist /ˈkrɪst/ or
Kerst /ˈkɛrst/ - such as
Cristmess /ˈkrɪstˌmɛs/,
Kerstfeest /ˈkɛrstˌfeːst/,
Cristday /ˈkrɪstˌdaɪ̯/,
Kerstnaut /ˈkɛrstˌnaʊ̯t/, or
Cristtyd /ˈkrɪstˌtʌɪ̯d/ - are more common. Compounds like
Kerstyeighel /ˈkɛrstˌjɛɪ̯xəl/ or
Cristyuel /ˈkrɪstˌjyːl/ are not unheard of. In any case,
Yuel remains far more common than any of the rare alternative names for Christmas borrowed from Celtic or Romance languages, such as
Noel /ˈnuːl/,
Nowell /nɔʊ̯ˈɛl/, or
Nadly /ˈnadlʌɪ̯/.
Example sentence:
Yuel is myn favorite yeighel! … Is det pletch?
/ˈjyːl ɪs mʌɪ̯n favɔˈriːt ˈjɛɪ̯xəl || ɪs dɛt ˈplɛt͡ʃ/
[ˈjyːɫ‿s mẽɱ ˌfaˑvəˈɾiːt̚ ˈjeːχəɫ || ɨz dət̚ ˈpl̥ɛt͡ʃ]
yuel is-Ø myn favorite yeighel || is-Ø det pletch
Christmas be.PRES-PRES 1s.GEN favorite holiday || be.PRES-PRES that boring
Christmas is my favorite holiday! … Is that boring?
yeighel and
yuel are similar to
wheighel "(steering) wheel" and
whuel "wheel, tire", the words I used on December 2nd, in that both pairs consist of one word derived from the nominative singular form of a Proto-Germanic word -
wheighel from
*hwehwlą and
yeighel from
*jehwlą - and another derived from the nominative plural form of the same word -
whuel from
*hweulō and
yuel from
*jeulō. Most modern languages with reflexes of these words seem to have preserved the originally plural forms, although since Icelandic and Faroese apparently have reflexes of
*hwehwlą and
*hweulō as separate words, I was inspired to do the same for this language, but to try making the resulting pair of words even more semantically distinct.
I knew I wanted to do something similar with
yeighel and
yuel, despite the fact that no Germanic natlangs seem to preserve reflexes of the originally singular
*jehwlą. However, while putting this post together today, I discovered a pair of words in Finnish -
juhla and
joulu - which seem to have been borrowed from Germanic at different points and appear to reflect
*jehwlą and
*jeulō, respectively. In addition, the meanings of these words matched up pretty well with what I'd already had in mind for
yeighel and
yuel here, so… "ANADEW" or whatever the acronym is, I suppose!
