Participles
Re: Participles
Mandarin (attempt)
男人一边走在街道上,一边呼啸一支快乐的曲。
Nánrén yībiān zŏu zài jiēdào shàng, yībiān hūxiào yīzhī kuàilè de qū.
man at_same_time walk at street up, at_same_time whistle one-CL happy ATTR song
A man came walking down the street, whistling a happy tune.
男人一边走在街道上,一边呼啸一支快乐的曲。
Nánrén yībiān zŏu zài jiēdào shàng, yībiān hūxiào yīzhī kuàilè de qū.
man at_same_time walk at street up, at_same_time whistle one-CL happy ATTR song
A man came walking down the street, whistling a happy tune.
Wipe the glass. This is the usual way to start, even in the days, day and night, only a happy one.
Re: Participles
First things first:
1) 呼啸:the component characters kind of tell you where you're going with this verb (海啸 is a tidal wave). Wuthering Heights is translated into Chinese as 呼啸山庄, so we can translate 呼啸 as the obscure "wuther". Used to describe wind:
西北风呼啸而过,冬至到了。
Xīběifēng hūxiào ér guò, dōngzhì dào le
The wind howled in from the northwest, the winter solstice had arrived.
In terms of whistling, it whips up for me the image of
(old-fashioned train whistles behave this way also)
What humans do when they pucker and blow is, intransitively (in English, anyway), 吹口哨 chuī kǒushào; transitively, it becomes 吹口哨吹 chuī kǒushào chuī (+ object, like a happy tune, a sea shanty)
2) 曲 as first tone qū involves bending, curving, twisting. In expression of things musical, it's third tone qǔ.
To matters of style: I'd just trim the fat -- it'd sound less Western translationy.
男人边走边吹口哨,吹着快乐的曲子。
Nánrén biān zŏu biān chuī kǒushào, chuīzhe kuàilè de qǔzi.
A man came walking down the street, whistling a happy tune.
☯ 道可道,非常道
☯ 名可名,非常名
☯ 名可名,非常名
Re: Participles
Oops, well that's what the dictionaries don't tell you. I literally browsed MDBG and looked for a word in the HSK lists, because they can't fool me, right? Right??
吹 doesn't have "to whistle" as a translation, but "to play a wind instrument". Well, thanks I guess.
Wipe the glass. This is the usual way to start, even in the days, day and night, only a happy one.
Re: Participles
Well, it wouldn't. The primary translation of 吹 in English is "blow". Winds blow (using 吹), and wind instruments involve blowing, so "blow" for "'play' a wind instrument" is natural, but wouldn't necessarily show up under "play" or "whistle". One blows whistles (哨子 shàozi - whistle, what a referee or policeman might use) or whistles through one's own mouth by blowing (口哨 kǒushào - "mouth whistle").
☯ 道可道,非常道
☯ 名可名,非常名
☯ 名可名,非常名
Re: Participles
Ecclesiastical Atili:
Hól-vi-s mazí-zu dón-so-m salva-h-ún-das-ma kétlan koldé-zu aézin.
Exist-3;CLF(person)-PST;PFV man-IND blow-3;CLF(abstract)-CVB walk-towards_speaker-at-3;CLF(stationary)-CVB pleasant music-IND street.
/'xol.vis mə.'zi.zu 'don.som səl.və.'xun.das.ma 'ket.ɬan kol.'de.zu ə.'e.zin/
There was a man, whistling a pleasant song, walking towards me in the street.
In Atili, participles are restricted to copula complements, so they don't actually appear in this sample. Instead, we get converbs! And since the subject of an active or transitive verb can't be indefinite, we get two of them (dón-so-m, "blowing", and salva-h-ún-das-ma, "walking towards me at the stationary object") along with the existential verb hol.
Hól-vi-s mazí-zu dón-so-m salva-h-ún-das-ma kétlan koldé-zu aézin.
Exist-3;CLF(person)-PST;PFV man-IND blow-3;CLF(abstract)-CVB walk-towards_speaker-at-3;CLF(stationary)-CVB pleasant music-IND street.
/'xol.vis mə.'zi.zu 'don.som səl.və.'xun.das.ma 'ket.ɬan kol.'de.zu ə.'e.zin/
There was a man, whistling a pleasant song, walking towards me in the street.
In Atili, participles are restricted to copula complements, so they don't actually appear in this sample. Instead, we get converbs! And since the subject of an active or transitive verb can't be indefinite, we get two of them (dón-so-m, "blowing", and salva-h-ún-das-ma, "walking towards me at the stationary object") along with the existential verb hol.
Re: Participles
Swahili
Mwanaume alikuja akitembea barabarani akipiga mbinja ya wimbo unaofurahisha.
mwanaume a-li-ku-j(a) a-ki-tembea(a) barabara-ni a-ki-pig(a) mbinja y-a wimbo u-na-o-furahi-sh(a)
man(CL1) CL1-PST-EXT-come CL1-SITU-walk street-LOC(CL16/17/18) CL1-SITU-hit whistle(CL9) CL9-GEN song(CL11) CL11-PRES-CL11.REL-become.happy-CAUS
A man came walking down the street, whistling a happy tune.
Edit: Google tells me I just wrote "A man came walking on the street playing a funeral song." Hahaha, no!
Mwanaume alikuja akitembea barabarani akipiga mbinja ya wimbo unaofurahisha.
mwanaume a-li-ku-j(a) a-ki-tembea(a) barabara-ni a-ki-pig(a) mbinja y-a wimbo u-na-o-furahi-sh(a)
man(CL1) CL1-PST-EXT-come CL1-SITU-walk street-LOC(CL16/17/18) CL1-SITU-hit whistle(CL9) CL9-GEN song(CL11) CL11-PRES-CL11.REL-become.happy-CAUS
A man came walking down the street, whistling a happy tune.
Edit: Google tells me I just wrote "A man came walking on the street playing a funeral song." Hahaha, no!
Glossing Abbreviations: COMP = comparative, C = complementiser, ACS / ICS = accessible / inaccessible, GDV = gerundive, SPEC / NSPC = specific / non-specific, AG = agent, E = entity (person, animal, thing)
________
MY MUSIC | MY PLANTS
________
MY MUSIC | MY PLANTS
Re: Participles
griuskant (without the conscript)
er yurda vuzh coik muisk kraeyoema rebin nerk.
/'ər 'jurda vuʒ 'tʃɔik muisk 'krejɯma 'rəbin 'nərk/
person walk-V at road while blow.hum-V happy-A-PASS melody
er yurda vuzh coik muisk kraeyoema rebin nerk.
/'ər 'jurda vuʒ 'tʃɔik muisk 'krejɯma 'rəbin 'nərk/
person walk-V at road while blow.hum-V happy-A-PASS melody
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Re: Participles
Alál
No true participles here - attributive verbs are fully finite.
Xıuz·raıṭùlısaı laku kaıh sısíaı arùla mrıǐmım.
[xɪfʃrɐj'tʼoɮɪzɐj ɬɐgv kɐjç sɪ'sihɪ ɐ'roɮ 'mrjemim]
xu<ıv>z+ra<ıṭù-lı>s-ı-a lu<a#u>k ka<aı>h sı<v>s-vŕ-ı-a ra<ù#a>l mrı<ıvr̀>m-vŕ-m
walk<3>+come<along-PST>-DUR-VOL.ACT street<OBL> person<AGT> whistle<3.3>-ATTR-DUR-VOL.ACT melody<PAT> please<3.4>-ATTR-STAT
A man came walking down the street, whistling a happy tune.
---
One note, that "whistling" here modifies "person", not "come walking along". You could rearrange it such that this was not the case, but whistling having its own overt argument, with its own attributive verb attached, would make it a tad clunky.
Translation challenge: 10/100
No true participles here - attributive verbs are fully finite.
Xıuz·raıṭùlısaı laku kaıh sısíaı arùla mrıǐmım.
[xɪfʃrɐj'tʼoɮɪzɐj ɬɐgv kɐjç sɪ'sihɪ ɐ'roɮ 'mrjemim]
xu<ıv>z+ra<ıṭù-lı>s-ı-a lu<a#u>k ka<aı>h sı<v>s-vŕ-ı-a ra<ù#a>l mrı<ıvr̀>m-vŕ-m
walk<3>+come<along-PST>-DUR-VOL.ACT street<OBL> person<AGT> whistle<3.3>-ATTR-DUR-VOL.ACT melody<PAT> please<3.4>-ATTR-STAT
A man came walking down the street, whistling a happy tune.
---
One note, that "whistling" here modifies "person", not "come walking along". You could rearrange it such that this was not the case, but whistling having its own overt argument, with its own attributive verb attached, would make it a tad clunky.
Translation challenge: 10/100
Edit: Substituted a string instrument for a French interjection.
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Re: Participles
Rireinutire
kave kauha opakiri tukive· mei romana vihikiri:
/ˈkɑve ˈkɑuhɑ ˈopɑˌkiɹi ˈtukive | mei ˈɹomɑnɑ ˈvihiˌkiɹi/
kave kauha opakiri tukive | mei romana vihikiri ||
woman.NOM street-ADE walk-GER come-PST-HSY | happy tune-PTV whistle-GER ||
A woman came walking down the street, whistling a happy tune.
Translation challenge 44/100
kave kauha opakiri tukive· mei romana vihikiri:
/ˈkɑve ˈkɑuhɑ ˈopɑˌkiɹi ˈtukive | mei ˈɹomɑnɑ ˈvihiˌkiɹi/
kave kauha opakiri tukive | mei romana vihikiri ||
woman.NOM street-ADE walk-GER come-PST-HSY | happy tune-PTV whistle-GER ||
A woman came walking down the street, whistling a happy tune.
Translation challenge 44/100
Re: Participles
Naguil
Daran unvei, budu pao elerbin, parnu gellein nami.
/'daːran un'vɛːi | 'buːdu 'pʰaʊ ɛ'lɛːrbin | 'pʰaːrnu 'gɛlːɛin 'naːmi/
Dar-an un-ve-i, bud-u pao e-lerb-in, parn-u gell-ein nam-i.
man-NOM 3SG-M/F-come-PST wander-CVB down DEF.ART-street-LOC blow-CVB song-ACC joy-ATTR
A man came, and wandered down on the street, and blew a song of joy.
Although present participles exist, it works better here with converbs connecting to "he came".
Using the present participle budan = "walking" instead - this rather means "a man came who walks", i.e. the man could also walk down the street every day. Same principle with parna = "blowing".
Daran unvei, budu pao elerbin, parnu gellein nami.
/'daːran un'vɛːi | 'buːdu 'pʰaʊ ɛ'lɛːrbin | 'pʰaːrnu 'gɛlːɛin 'naːmi/
Dar-an un-ve-i, bud-u pao e-lerb-in, parn-u gell-ein nam-i.
man-NOM 3SG-M/F-come-PST wander-CVB down DEF.ART-street-LOC blow-CVB song-ACC joy-ATTR
A man came, and wandered down on the street, and blew a song of joy.
Although present participles exist, it works better here with converbs connecting to "he came".
Using the present participle budan = "walking" instead - this rather means "a man came who walks", i.e. the man could also walk down the street every day. Same principle with parna = "blowing".
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