QED: Quod erat demonstrandum
QED: Quod erat demonstrandum
How would your conlang translate this favorite phrase of snarky internet logicians everywhere?
which was to be demonstrated
quod erat dēmonstrandum
who-NEU.NOM.SING be.IMPER-3SG demonstrate-FUT.PASS-PCPL-NEU.ACC
Pazmat:
Icj na seqxesibus yazj
who.which REL out-played-PCPL.PASS be.INFIN-PST
(Lit. "which that is to be out-played")
which was to be demonstrated
quod erat dēmonstrandum
who-NEU.NOM.SING be.IMPER-3SG demonstrate-FUT.PASS-PCPL-NEU.ACC
Pazmat:
Icj na seqxesibus yazj
who.which REL out-played-PCPL.PASS be.INFIN-PST
(Lit. "which that is to be out-played")
Nūdenku waga honji ma naku honyasi ne ika-ika ichamase!
female-appearance=despite boy-voice=PAT hold boy-youth=TOP very be.cute-3PL
Honyasi zō honyasi ma naidasu.
boy-youth=AGT boy-youth=PAT love.romantically-3S
female-appearance=despite boy-voice=PAT hold boy-youth=TOP very be.cute-3PL
Honyasi zō honyasi ma naidasu.
boy-youth=AGT boy-youth=PAT love.romantically-3S
- kiwikami
- roman
- Posts: 1208
- Joined: 26 May 2012 17:24
- Location: Oh, I don't know, I'm probably around here somewhere.
Re: QED: Quod erat demonstrandum
Cástían
con ansenítnó
which.is GER-demonstrate<ADJ><FUT><PASS>
which is to be demonstrated
Though con may become wen if the thing being demonstrated is not mentioned directly before this phrase. A different construction entirely would be used if one wanted to put this in past tense, because the statementive con could no longer be used:
mtúl zón ansenítnó
exist<3S.inanimate><PST> which.is GER-demonstrate<ADJ><FUT><PASS>
which was to be demonstrated
con ansenítnó
which.is GER-demonstrate<ADJ><FUT><PASS>
which is to be demonstrated
Though con may become wen if the thing being demonstrated is not mentioned directly before this phrase. A different construction entirely would be used if one wanted to put this in past tense, because the statementive con could no longer be used:
mtúl zón ansenítnó
exist<3S.inanimate><PST> which.is GER-demonstrate<ADJ><FUT><PASS>
which was to be demonstrated
Edit: Substituted a string instrument for a French interjection.
| | ASL | | |
- Creyeditor
- MVP
- Posts: 5121
- Joined: 14 Aug 2012 19:32
Re: QED: Quod erat demonstrandum
German
was zu beweisen war
was zu beweis-en war
what to prove-INF be.PST.IND.3.SG
which was to be demonstrated
was zu beweisen war
was zu beweis-en war
what to prove-INF be.PST.IND.3.SG
which was to be demonstrated
Creyeditor
"Thoughts are free."
Produce, Analyze, Manipulate
1 2 3 4 4
Ook & Omlűt & Nautli languages & Sperenjas
Papuan languages, Morphophonology, Lexical Semantics
"Thoughts are free."
Produce, Analyze, Manipulate
1 2 3 4 4
Ook & Omlűt & Nautli languages & Sperenjas
Papuan languages, Morphophonology, Lexical Semantics
Re: QED: Quod erat demonstrandum
Utnagasvrimahi:
Ham savrTham āstrati.
What.rel.N.sbj show.ppp.acc be.(strong.v)-IMP.3sg
That-which must-be (made) a-demonstration.
Ham savrTham āstrati.
What.rel.N.sbj show.ppp.acc be.(strong.v)-IMP.3sg
That-which must-be (made) a-demonstration.
Sikatāyām kaṇam lokasya darśasi, svargam phale vanye ca.
See a world in a grain of sand, and a heaven in a wild flower.
Ānantam tava karatalena darasi, nityatām ghaṇṭabhyantare ca.
Hold infinity in the palm of your hand, and eternity in an hour.
See a world in a grain of sand, and a heaven in a wild flower.
Ānantam tava karatalena darasi, nityatām ghaṇṭabhyantare ca.
Hold infinity in the palm of your hand, and eternity in an hour.
Re: QED: Quod erat demonstrandum
(ce) qui était à démontrer
(that) who be-3.IMPF to demonstrate
/(sə) ki e.tɛ a de.mɔ̃.tʁe/
[(s)kje.tɛ a de.mɔ̃ʊ̯̃.tχe] :qbc:
- Sangfroidish
- greek
- Posts: 837
- Joined: 29 Mar 2013 17:59
- Location: Oxfordshire, UK
Re: QED: Quod erat demonstrandum
Ylle des, dás leņola chí their fin
[ɨɫːə d̪ɛs d̪aːs ˈlɛɲ.ˌɔɫ.ɐ xiː θɛ̯ir fin]
DEM.AB thing that show-PST NEC null_argument 3.AB.SNG
That which had to be shown
[ɨɫːə d̪ɛs d̪aːs ˈlɛɲ.ˌɔɫ.ɐ xiː θɛ̯ir fin]
DEM.AB thing that show-PST NEC null_argument 3.AB.SNG
That which had to be shown
Re: QED: Quod erat demonstrandum
Proto-Northern
uy tʼaki wo
UTIL show PRF
which was to be demonstrated
uy tʼaki wo
UTIL show PRF
which was to be demonstrated
Last edited by Click on 26 Apr 2013 20:53, edited 1 time in total.
Re: QED: Quod erat demonstrandum
Κη νήραι α ση λημοστάρο.
[ci 'ni.ɾe a si li.mos.'ta.ɾo]
what be.there.3S.PAST to be.INF demonstrate-PART
That which was to be shown.
(ΚΗΔ/QED)
[ci 'ni.ɾe a si li.mos.'ta.ɾo]
what be.there.3S.PAST to be.INF demonstrate-PART
That which was to be shown.
(ΚΗΔ/QED)
Re: QED: Quod erat demonstrandum
Japanese
Japanese has no good word for 'demonstrate' so I have used 'show'
見せるつもりのあったX
show intention REL.SBJ exist-PST X
X that (someone) intended to show
見せるはずのあったX
show expectation REL.SBJ exist-PST X
X that should have been shown
(REL.SBJ is a subject marker that only appears in relative clauses)
Japanese has no good word for 'demonstrate' so I have used 'show'
見せるつもりのあったX
show intention REL.SBJ exist-PST X
X that (someone) intended to show
見せるはずのあったX
show expectation REL.SBJ exist-PST X
X that should have been shown
(REL.SBJ is a subject marker that only appears in relative clauses)
- prettydragoon
- sinic
- Posts: 442
- Joined: 29 Jan 2012 10:22
- Location: Third star on the left, straight on till tiffin
- Contact:
Re: QED: Quod erat demonstrandum
Rireinutire
kaki toteriye yakiva:
kaki toteri-ye ya-ki-va
which.NOM demonstrate-PAS.PRESP be-PST-SENS
which was to be demonstrated
kaki toteriye yakiva:
kaki toteri-ye ya-ki-va
which.NOM demonstrate-PAS.PRESP be-PST-SENS
which was to be demonstrated
-
- mongolian
- Posts: 3930
- Joined: 14 Aug 2010 09:36
- Location: California über alles
Re: QED: Quod erat demonstrandum
Kankonian borrows a phrase from Ciladian, just as English borrowed it from Latin:
pilet dakyaph
therefore PP-prove
therefore proven
pilet dakyaph
therefore PP-prove
therefore proven
♂♥♂♀
Squirrels chase koi . . . chase squirrels
My Kankonian-English dictionary: 89,000 words and counting
31,416: The number of the conlanging beast!
Squirrels chase koi . . . chase squirrels
My Kankonian-English dictionary: 89,000 words and counting
31,416: The number of the conlanging beast!
Re: QED: Quod erat demonstrandum
Azenti:
çol os muta dyrafibharsya
who/which be.MID CAUS-see-PASS-SUP
(Lit. "Who/Which is to be caused to be seen")
çol os muta dyrafibharsya
who/which be.MID CAUS-see-PASS-SUP
(Lit. "Who/Which is to be caused to be seen")
Nūdenku waga honji ma naku honyasi ne ika-ika ichamase!
female-appearance=despite boy-voice=PAT hold boy-youth=TOP very be.cute-3PL
Honyasi zō honyasi ma naidasu.
boy-youth=AGT boy-youth=PAT love.romantically-3S
female-appearance=despite boy-voice=PAT hold boy-youth=TOP very be.cute-3PL
Honyasi zō honyasi ma naidasu.
boy-youth=AGT boy-youth=PAT love.romantically-3S
Re: QED: Quod erat demonstrandum
Llipetadharceek.
see-PASS-CAUS-NEC-noun.clause-3SG
see-PASS-CAUS-NEC-noun.clause-3SG
Re: QED: Quod erat demonstrandum
Çetara
Qu suesa gesmœtrandũ.
[qʊ swe.sɒ ʤez.mʊɛ.t̪rãn.dũ]
REL.INAN.NOM.SG be-IMPFT.3SG show-OBLIG.PTCP.N.SG
Older Sadrås
Ün ves ütschuanðe.[ỹn ves yt.ʃu.ãn.ðə]
REL.INAN.NOM.SG be-IMPFT show-OBLIG.PTCP.SG
More colloquial Sadrås
Ün bêd ütschuanðe.
[ỹn bɛ:d yt.ʃu.ãn.ðə]
REL.INAN.NOM.SG be-PST show-OBLIG.PTCP.SG
Rozwi
Wo fuetos kēzbieye.
[wɔ fwɛ.tɔs kɛ:z.bʲɛ.je]
REL.INAN.NOM.SG show-PST.PTCP CVRB<FUT>=be3SG
Qu suesa gesmœtrandũ.
[qʊ swe.sɒ ʤez.mʊɛ.t̪rãn.dũ]
REL.INAN.NOM.SG be-IMPFT.3SG show-OBLIG.PTCP.N.SG
Older Sadrås
Ün ves ütschuanðe.[ỹn ves yt.ʃu.ãn.ðə]
REL.INAN.NOM.SG be-IMPFT show-OBLIG.PTCP.SG
More colloquial Sadrås
Ün bêd ütschuanðe.
[ỹn bɛ:d yt.ʃu.ãn.ðə]
REL.INAN.NOM.SG be-PST show-OBLIG.PTCP.SG
Rozwi
Wo fuetos kēzbieye.
[wɔ fwɛ.tɔs kɛ:z.bʲɛ.je]
REL.INAN.NOM.SG show-PST.PTCP CVRB<FUT>=be3SG
Re: QED: Quod erat demonstrandum
Ancient Greek
ὅπερ ἔδει δεῖξαι
REL.INAN.NOM.SG=EMPHATIC ought-IMPFT.3SG show<PST>ACT.INF
Which was to have demonstrated
NOT
Which was to have been demonstrated
That would be more literally
ὅπερ ἔδει δειχθῆναι
REL.INAN.NOM.SG=EPHATIC ought-IMPFT.3SG show<PST>PASS.INF
ὅπερ ἔδει δεῖξαι
REL.INAN.NOM.SG=EMPHATIC ought-IMPFT.3SG show<PST>ACT.INF
Which was to have demonstrated
NOT
Which was to have been demonstrated
That would be more literally
ὅπερ ἔδει δειχθῆναι
REL.INAN.NOM.SG=EPHATIC ought-IMPFT.3SG show<PST>PASS.INF
Re: QED: Quod erat demonstrandum
Ardelian
- Votšatkə.
votša·t·kə̆·Ø
prove·PAT·PHST·3SG
Proven.
Re: QED: Quod erat demonstrandum
A bit off-topic, but what does QED actually mean? It's quoted all over as being "which was to be demonstrated", but that means nothing to me, and we never use it in the literal way.
We never say things like "This, QED, is why etc., etc., etc.", we just say things like "QED, the plural of octopus is octopodes", and so QED is much more used like "therefore" or "thusly" or "soothly".
Is this a fair summation to make?
We never say things like "This, QED, is why etc., etc., etc.", we just say things like "QED, the plural of octopus is octopodes", and so QED is much more used like "therefore" or "thusly" or "soothly".
Is this a fair summation to make?
: | : | : | :
Conlangs: Hawntow, Yorkish, misc.
she/her
Conlangs: Hawntow, Yorkish, misc.
she/her
- eldin raigmore
- korean
- Posts: 6356
- Joined: 14 Aug 2010 19:38
- Location: SouthEast Michigan
Re: QED: Quod erat demonstrandum
Znex wrote:A bit off-topic, but what does QED actually mean? It's quoted all over as being "which was to be demonstrated", but that means nothing to me, and we never use it in the literal way.
We never say things like "This, QED, is why etc., etc., etc.", we just say things like "QED, the plural of octopus is octopodes", and so QED is much more used like "therefore" or "thusly" or "soothly".
Is this a fair summation to make?
This is not my experience at all.
QED (or some synonym) is always used right after the last statement of a proof, which, not at all coincidentally, is the statement it's a proof of.
So the last statement of the proof is the statement which one was required to prove.
In written proofs the end of the proof is often signalled by "and that's what we were trying to prove" or "which is what was to be shown" or some such thing.
In speech it's often something less formal like "and that's what we're after".
"Demonstrandum" is a gerundive; it means "requiring to be demonstrated".
I have never heard or read QED used in any of the ways you mention.
I have always heard and read it used in the way you say it's never used.
Since the differences in our ages is a mere fraction of a century, rather than a century plus a fraction, I can't imagine this is just due to ordinary language-change.
If it were "rarely" instead of "never" and "usually" instead of "always", maybe it could be language-change.
But if I interpret your "never" and "always" literally, then I have to believe you are in a small speech-community of people who use QED only in ways that the larger English speakership would not recognize as correct or would not understand.
Lexical items do gain new meanings; but usually retain the old meanings for a while, first as the more common meaning, later perhaps as the less common meaning.
(For instance, consider "gay", "turn on", "trip", etc.)
I thought it was unusual for one to completely shift to a new meaning and completely lose its old meaning in less than a few centuries.
If I've been wrong about this, I wonder how long, and where, and among how large a subset of English-speakers?
Edit: I am feeling and trying to express . I am not feeling , neither am I trying to express it. I don't know whether my typing made that clear.
My minicity is http://gonabebig1day.myminicity.com/xml
- Bagliun Edar
- cuneiform
- Posts: 125
- Joined: 15 Aug 2013 04:00
- Location: Morjathar
Re: QED: Quod erat demonstrandum
Obulamga
imzlōrzu bejeniaoron
[ˈimzlɔːɾzu ˈbɛʒɛniaˌɔɾɔn]
im-zlo-or-zu b<ej>eniaoron
cause-INTV-PASS-REL <INF>is_proven
which is to be demonstrated
INTV: "intentive" mood
imzlōrzu bejeniaoron
[ˈimzlɔːɾzu ˈbɛʒɛniaˌɔɾɔn]
im-zlo-or-zu b<ej>eniaoron
cause-INTV-PASS-REL <INF>is_proven
which is to be demonstrated
INTV: "intentive" mood
Re: QED: Quod erat demonstrandum
Oh okay. I was most likely generalising anyway - I haven't been in much contact with proofs. Although I was sure QED was used in statements like "QED, the plural of octopus is octopodes"...eldin raigmore wrote:Znex wrote:A bit off-topic, but what does QED actually mean? It's quoted all over as being "which was to be demonstrated", but that means nothing to me, and we never use it in the literal way.
We never say things like "This, QED, is why etc., etc., etc.", we just say things like "QED, the plural of octopus is octopodes", and so QED is much more used like "therefore" or "thusly" or "soothly".
Is this a fair summation to make?
This is not my experience at all.
QED (or some synonym) is always used right after the last statement of a proof, which, not at all coincidentally, is the statement it's a proof of.
So the last statement of the proof is the statement which one was required to prove.
In written proofs the end of the proof is often signalled by "and that's what we were trying to prove" or "which is what was to be shown" or some such thing.
In speech it's often something less formal like "and that's what we're after".
"Demonstrandum" is a gerundive; it means "requiring to be demonstrated".
I have never heard or read QED used in any of the ways you mention.
I have always heard and read it used in the way you say it's never used.
Since the differences in our ages is a mere fraction of a century, rather than a century plus a fraction, I can't imagine this is just due to ordinary language-change.
If it were "rarely" instead of "never" and "usually" instead of "always", maybe it could be language-change.
But if I interpret your "never" and "always" literally, then I have to believe you are in a small speech-community of people who use QED only in ways that the larger English speakership would not recognize as correct or would not understand.
Lexical items do gain new meanings; but usually retain the old meanings for a while, first as the more common meaning, later perhaps as the less common meaning.
(For instance, consider "gay", "turn on", "trip", etc.)
I thought it was unusual for one to completely shift to a new meaning and completely lose its old meaning in less than a few centuries.
If I've been wrong about this, I wonder how long, and where, and among how large a subset of English-speakers?
Edit: I am feeling and trying to express . I am not feeling , neither am I trying to express it. I don't know whether my typing made that clear.
: | : | : | :
Conlangs: Hawntow, Yorkish, misc.
she/her
Conlangs: Hawntow, Yorkish, misc.
she/her