Development from Old Ulion to Modern Ulion

[Omzinesý]

In this thread, I devide the development of Ulion into two stages: Old Ulion and Modern Ulion.

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Old Ulion phoneme inventory:

p t k q
β ð ɣ (They dis not appear word-initially.)
s ʃ
m n
l r
w j

i u
e o
ɑ

The allowed syllable structure is (C)(w/j)V(C).
There is no length distinction.

Stress is phonemic and appears on any syllable but usually on one of the last ones.




Road to Modern Ulion
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Word-initially
*j => ɕ
*w => ʋ

Other single consonants stay, as they are.

*j => ɕ caused: *p/*t/*k/*q + *j => *p/*t/*k/*q + *ɕ => t͡ɕ

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Onset between vowels

As above:
*j => ɕ
*w => ʋ

Voiced fricatives
*β => ʋ
*ð => r
*ɣ => j

In a chain shift: *r => ʀ

Other consonants stayed as they were.

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Codas

Voiceless stops

The basic rule is that all voiceless stops in coda become /ʔ/.
Later it is analysed as part of the preceding vowel as a glottalic element.

Before sibilants, they however become a corresponding nasal.
p,t,k,q+s=>t͡s
p,t,k,q+ʃ=>t͡ʃ
p,t,k,q+j/ɕ=>t͡ɕ

Non-plosives

Voiced stops in coda assimilate with the preceding vowel. /j/ and /v/ behave similarly.
They cause compensatory lengthening and often quality changes to the vowel.

*a/*e/*o + *g/*j => ai> ē
*a/*e/*o + *β/*w/*l => au> ō
*a/*e/*o + *ð => ā

*i + *g/*j => ī
*i + *β/*w/*l => ū
*i + *ð => ī

*u + *g/*j => ī
*u + *β/*w/*l => ū
*u + *ð => ū

*any vowel + *r=>ʀ => ā

Nasals

Nasals nasalize the preceding consonant.

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Reduction of word-final vowels

Unstressed word-final vowels disappear.
Stressed word-final vowels lengthen.

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Consonant clusters

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To be continued!

[Omzinesý]

Etymologies of words existing in Ulion

pr̠ạlū [pʀʌ'l̰u:] 'language' <= *padatlú
jōri ['jɔ:ri] 'friend' <= *jábra-ja (good-DIM)
sịc [sɪʔt͡s] ' house' <= *síkitsa
kjũvi ['kjũ:ʋi] 'girl' <= *kujúmb(a)-ja
pjēcạ ['pjɛ:t͡sʌʔ] 'family' <= *pajájtsa-k (k 'Plural')
mēsuk [mɛ:'sʊk] 'ground' <= *majsúku
miprãš [mɪ'prɑ̃:ʃ] 'event' <= *mipámpadase
kạrā [kʌ'r̰ɑ:] 'boy' <= *kekadá
prēv [prɛ:v] 'house', 'home' <= *pedágba