Arayaz's thread so that she doesn't flood the forum

[Arayaz]

I want to attempt another a posteriori diachronic language, after the failures of Techomonic and Goidheug. I'm not quite sure exactly what I'll do, though. I know that I want to go off of something that's well-reconstructed.

I'm definitely not going to work from Proto-Indo-European (we know how well that went even with an expert helping me).

I haven't written off Techomonic (which really needs a more handy name!) entirely, and wouldn't call it a failure, even though I feel that you were overreaching yourself. I'm considering picking it up again later, but for now, it doesn't have high priority. And I can understand why you don't want to work from PIE again - PIE is quite a difficult language to work with, and not for the faint of heart.

I still hadn't fully let go of the idea myself ─ unlike most of my scrapped languages, there wasn't any one traceable thing wrong with it. Perhaps rather than "failed," I should call it "paused for the foreseeable future." But yeah, PIE is much harder than I'd expect the ancestor of my native language to be.

[Arayaz]

Noun Inflections in Rü’ravesh

The older Ruykkarraber case system was preserved in Rü’ravesh; Rü’ravesh nouns fall into several declensions based on their final sound. Stress shifts may cause internal alternations.

As an example of the declensions, tedhzeni pluralizes to tedhzenē, and its absolutive singular and plural forms are tedhzenikh and tedhzenēkh; meanwhile, kthyadhush pluralizes to kidhidhuri, and its absolutive singular and plural forms are kidhidhurekh and kidhidhurikh.

[Arayaz]

I drew a map of the continent wherein Ruykkarraber and Ngama are spoken! However, the details are still unfinished; once I've gotten everything filled in, I'll post it here (if I can figure out how).

[_Just_A_Sketch]

Oooooh I can't wait to see that!

[Arayaz]

A Tiny Sketch Language: Makihip

Phonology

Consonants

/p t k kʷ/ <p t k kw>
/pʰ tʰ kʰ kʷʰ/ <ph th kh kwh>
/pʼ tʼ kʼ kʷʼ/ <p’ t’ k’ kw’>

/s x xʷ/ <s x xw>
/h hʷ/ <h hw>
/t͡sʼ k͡xʼ k͡xʷʼ/ <ts’ kx’ kxw’>

/m n/ <m n>
/m̥ n̥/ <mh nh>
/mˀ nˀ/ <m’ n’>

/j w/ <y w>
/ç hʷ/ <yh wh>
/jˀ wˀ/ <y’ w’>

Aspiration and glottalization occur as morphophonological processes.


Vowels

/e o/
/a/

/e o/ raise to [ i u ] word-finally in word-final syllables. In addition, their height spreads regressively through the weak consonants /h hʷ j w jˀ wˀ/.


Phonotactics

No word-internal consonant clusters, but word-final codas are permitted.


Morphology

Pronouns are usually expressed as prefixes:

sg/pl
1 y(a)-/m(a)-
2 t(a)-/kw(e)-
3 n(a)-/x(o)-

These are used for polypersonal agreement:

ya-wik
1sg-run
I run

ya-t-osu
1sg-2sg-see
I see you

Nouns and adjectives are the same class, and may be used predicatively:

ya-mhay
1sg-tall
I am tall

ya-n-osu mhay
1sg-3sg-see tall
I see a tall person

Tense is indicated with a phonological change to the final consonant of the stem:

ya-n-uhu mhay
1sg-3sg-see.PST tall
I saw a tall person

ya-n-ots’u mhay
1sg-3sg-see.FUT tall
I will see a tall person

There is a wide range of verbal suffixes that express specific aspectual or semantic nuances:

y-awe-k’i
1sg-person-could
I could be a person (but am not)

kwe-ma-tak-yhonu
2pl-1pl-kill.PST-regretfully
You killed us regretfully

These can be combined:

y-awe-k’e-yhonu
1sg-person-could-regretfully
I, regretfully, am capable of being a person (but am not)

The order of combination is significant:

y-awe-yhono-k’i
1sg-person-regretfully-could
I could be a person regretfully (but am not)

[Arayaz]

Makihip Continued

Verbs can be serialized:

ya-tukh ya-winh tawim
1sg-go.away.PST 1sg-acquire.PST food
I went and got food

Conjunction-like suffixes may be applied to the first verb:

ta-mhay-eti ta-n-oso-xwan
2sg-tall-so 2sg-3sg-see-can
You are tall, so you can see her.

These can further be compounded when the subject is the same:

ta-mhay-ete-n-oso-xwan
2sg-tall-so-3sg-see-can
You are tall and can see her.

Suffixes may nominalize verbal elements:

ma-kihi-p
1pl-speak-result
The result of our speaking

x-oso-xwan-akwa
3pl-see-can-fact
The fact that they can see

These nominalized forms can later serve as predicates:

m’aw ta-x-oso-xwan-akwha
problem 3sg-3pl-see-can-fact.PST
The problem is the fact that they can see

This could lead to ambiguity:
ta-x-oso-xwan-akwa
3sg-3pl-see-can-fact
It is the fact that they can see OR The fact that he can see them

[Khemehekis]

A Tiny Sketch Language: Makihip

Phonology

Consonants

/p t k kʷ/ <p t k kw>
/pʰ tʰ kʰ kʷʰ/ <ph th kh kwh>
/pʼ tʼ kʼ kʷʼ/ <p’ t’ k’ kw’>

/s x xʷ/ <s x xw>
/h hʷ/ <h hw>
/t͡sʼ k͡xʼ k͡xʷʼ/ <ts’ kx’ kxw’>

/m n/ <m n>
/m̥ n̥/ <mh nh>
/mˀ nˀ/ <m’ n’>

/j w/ <y w>
/ç hʷ/ <yh wh>
/jˀ wˀ/ <y’ w’>

Love all the aspiration and labialization distinctions in your phonology!

Heh, I get the feeling this will be some filmstabber's fun while you're working on Ruykkarraber. The whole presentation has a very filmstabber-y feel to iy.

[Arayaz]

Love all the aspiration and labialization distinctions in your phonology!

Heh, I get the feeling this will be some filmstabber's fun while you're working on Ruykkarraber. The whole presentation has a very filmstabber-y feel to iy.

Maybe, but I think I might give it a home somewhere in UC1.

Makihip Continued: Valence

Makihip has several valence-altering affixes. One is the passive, which fills the subject slot:

ko-ya-wothi
PAS-1sg-make.PST
I was made

There is also an array of applicative prefixes, which go between the subject and object:

ya-teme-xo-wot’i
1sg-BENEF-3pl-make.FUT
I will make (something) for them

The passive and applicatives can be combined:

ko-ta-teme-ya-wothi
PAS-3sg-BENEF-1sg-make
The world was made for me

But there can never be more than two arguments of a verb:

*ta-ta-teme-ya-wothi
3sg-3sg-BENEF-1sg-make.PST
He made it for me

To express this concept, one uses nominalization:

ta-ta-wote-kwa ta-teme-ya-samh
3sg-3sg-make-fact 3sg-BENEF-1sg-exist.PST
His making it was for me; i.e., he made it for me

Edit: I messed a bunch of the words up

[Arayaz]

Language Families of UC1

Continent 1
Ruykkarraber ─ descendants such as Rü’ravesh spoken all around the great river.
Ngama ─ descendents spoken across the northern part of the continent
As-of-yet-unnamed ─ a substrate for some Ngama-derived languages, and perhaps with some surviving languages spoken on islands off the eastern coast

Continent 2
Makihip ─ descendents across the desert and steppe areas of the second continent
Izhli ─ descendents such as Izre in the southern rainforest
zAhul ─ descendents in the southern rainforest

[Khemehekis]

Language Families of UC1

Continent 1
Ruykkarraber ─ descendants such as Rü’ravesh spoken all around the great river.
Ngama ─ descendents spoken across the northern part of the continent
As-of-yet-unnamed ─ a substrate for some Ngama-derived languages, and perhaps with some surviving languages spoken on islands off the eastern coast

Continent 2
Makihip ─ descendents across the desert and steppe areas of the second continent
Izhli ─ descendents such as Izre in the southern rainforest
zAhul ─ descendents in the southern rainforest

Ooh . . . you're becoming a filler!

[Arayaz]

I was working on an Areyaxi reference grammar that documents three Areyaxi languages at once, and I noticed something: "I love him" in Talhelạrriler is ạlą̇v [ɐ.lɐ̃v], which resembles "I love" (at least in my dialect).

[Arayaz]

Okay, I just noticed an embarrassing error in Makihip ─

/e o/
/a/

/e o/ raise to [ i u ] word-finally.

"Makihip" isn't even a valid word. It should be Makehep.

I like that nowhere near as much, though, so I'll say that it's not just word-finally, but in word-final syllables. Makehip, then. But I don't like that either.

What if the height of [ i u ] spread regressively through weak consonants such as /h/? Then /makehep/ → [makehip] → [makihip]. There.

[Arayaz]

Makihip and PMZ Lexicon

atuk n. dust < *adok
awi n. person < *ajwɨ
awas n. location, scene < *aɡwas
awahu n. world, realm, large area < *aɡwas "place" + *-hol (augmentative)
hik n. dog < *hek "animal"
hwan vt. 1. to kneel before, 2. to obey < *hɨwan
kah n. elder, important person < *tjah "adult"
kihi vi. to speak < *kefe
kut vt. to be within < *kod (immune to consonant alternations)
kxw’u vt. to be beside < *xɨʔwo
menik n. home, dwelling, house < *meɡ "to be safe" + *nek (place-of)
m’aw n. issue, problem < *mɨʔaw
mhay n. tall thing < *mɨhaz (-y → -s upon suffix addition.)
mik vi. to be safe < *meɡ (immune to consonant alternations)
mik n. god < *mɨɡ (in zAhul, this was replaced with the augmentative *mɨɡhol → zAhul măŋŋol, and *mɨɡ → zAhul măŋ lost its meaning)
nonu vi. to sing < *lolo
noti vt. to work on < *lodɨ (Immune to consonant alternations)
oku n. group, association < *odjo "family" (in zAhul, this means "home")
osu vt. to see < *oso
pik n. good or well-made thing < *pɨɡ
pku n. exquisite(ly made) thing < *pɨɡ "well-made thing" + *-hol (augmentative)
sam vi. to exist < *zam
sun n. herd < *son
tak vt. to kill < *dak
tawim n. food < *tawɨm
tim vt. to accept, to approve of < *tem "to allow (to happen)" (in zAhul, this almost means "to cause")
tuk vi. to go away from a deictic center < *tok
woti vt. to make < *ɡɨ- (resultative) + *lodɨ "to work on"
wik vi. to run < *wek
wiw vt. to acquire < *wɨl (irregular stem on- when suffixes are added.)
yawu vi. to go toward a deictic center < *jawo

Edit: April 15: Updated with morphophono and protoforms.

While organizing this, I noticed that I had two words translated as "person" ─ kah and awi. So I said that the latter refers to a person of any age, whereas the former refers only to an adult.

Also, some non-canon English borrowings for concepts not present for the Mawip:

tokomin n. document

[Arayaz]

My Name

With my changing my name in Real Life, and zyma changing her name on the forum, names have been on my mind lately. I started thinking about the history of the name Arayaz, and so I decided to share it here.

*ahem*

The name Arayaz originated when I was 12, playing a simple puzzle game called "pipes" online. (I googled it just now and it still exists!) I got a pretty good time and wanted to submit it to the "Hall of Fame." (It's still there, 3,175th in the world for 4x4, after all this time. It was 1,011th when I got it.) For this, I needed a username. The first thing that came to mind was my capoeira name, arraia [ɐ.'ha.jɐ] "stingray." I didn't want to just use it directly, though, so instead, I took its spelling (with an R instead of an H), and randomly added a z to the end. I pronounce Arayaz ['a.ɹə.jaz] or ['a.ɹĭ.jaz] (the middle vowel is heavily reduced, but it's definitely there), but I've come to learn that others pronounce it quite differently. I've head ['a.ɾa.jas] (as though it were a Spanish word) and [ə.'ɹe.jəz], to name a few.

When I joined Tyuns, I decided to name my people after me. I randomly scrolled through my inherited lexicon and found the words are "rarely" and ja "to burn." I thought, "That has the potential for a cool name." So I semantically drifted are to mean "never," and bang: are ya, to never burn, whence Areyaxi "those who never burn," and Arayaz Neverburn, Arayaz's official full name.

Then earlier today I decided to look up the meanings in different languages of different parts of my name. I used WIktionary for this. There were a *lot* of meanings (in the spoiler below for those curious), from which I can now pick and choose what I want my name to mean. My favorite, though, is ayaz ar (if only the word order were different ...) in Azerbaijani: "cold shame." Which is often my mental state.

Spoiler:

aray
"years" in Ayu
"water" in Kohin
"ouch" in several Austronesian langs (Bikol Central, Kapampangan, Tagalog)
arey (*Editor's note: not part of my name, but a nickname I got based on Areyaxi.)
"friend" in Kagayanen
ayaz
"freezing weather; cloudless; frosty" in Azerbaijani, Crimean Tatar
"clear, dry, cold weather" in Turkish
ar
"shame" in Azerbaijani, Turkish
ara
"distance (& some other meanings)" in Azerbaijani
"envy" in Bikol Central
"arrow" in Bislama
"pan" in Blagar
"now" in Catalan, Occitan
"macaw" in maaaaaaaaany languages
"house; village" in Ese
"collective (I'm uncertain of its exact meaning)" in Esperanto
"skull" in Fyam
"altar" in Galician, Italian (literary), Portuguese, Latin; "Catholic altar" in Hiligaynon
"eagle" in Gothic
"bride" in Hungarian (literary)
"fig" in Indonesian, Malay
"charioteer; attendant" in Irish
"look!" in Maltese
"path" in Maori, Rapa Nui, Tahitian
"to wake up" in Maori
"the two of them" in Mokilese
"blood" in Nauruan
"name" in Ngaju
"to plow" in Romanian
"wing" in Sassarese
"and" in Southern Ohlone
"moon; calendar" in Ternate
"breakfast in Zazaki"
yaz
"spring" in Azerbaijani, Salar, Tatar, Western Yugur
"accumulation of ice" in Leonese
"summer" in Turkish

Edit: It's also funny that there are such ice-related meanings, since zyma's name means "winter," and it was what prompted this investigation. I also like that ara is "name" in Ngaju.

Edit: I somehow accidentally called Azerbaijani Albanian...

[zyma]

My Name

With my changing my name in Real Life, and zyma changing her name on the forum, names have been on my mind lately. I started thinking about the history of the name Arayaz, and so I decided to share it here.

The name Arayaz originated when I was 12, playing a simple puzzle game called "pipes" online. (I googled it just now and it still exists!) I got a pretty good time and wanted to submit it to the "Hall of Fame." (It's still there, 3175th in the world for 4x4, after all this time. It was 1,011th when I got it.) For this, I needed a username. The first thing that came to mind was my capoeira name, arraia [ɐ.'ha.jɐ] "stingray." I didn't want to just use it directly, though, so instead, I took its spelling (with an R instead of an H), and randomly added a z to the end. I pronounce Arayaz ['a.ɹə.jaz] or ['a.ɹĭ.jaz] (the middle vowel is heavily reduced, but it's definitely there), but I've come to learn that others pronounce it quite differently. I've head ['a.ɾa.jas] (as though it were a Spanish word) and [ə.'ɹe.jəz], to name a few.

Interesting! I'll have to read more of what Wikipedia has to say about capoeira later. For whatever it's worth, I think I've generally been reading your username as something like /ˈæɹɪjæz/.

When I joined Tyuns, I decided to name my people after me. I randomly scrolled through my inherited lexicon and found the words are "rarely" and ja "to burn." I thought, "That has the potential for a cool name." So I semantically drifted are to mean "never," and bang: are ya, to never burn, whence Areyaxi "those who never burn," and Arayaz Neverburn, Arayaz's official full name.

I had to Google "Tyuns", and while I'm admittedly still not 100% sure that I understand what it is, I definitely agree that "those who never burn" is a cool name!

Then earlier today I decided to look up the meanings in different languages of different parts of my name. I used WIktionary for this. There were a *lot* of meanings (in the spoiler below for those curious), from which I can now pick and choose what I want my name to mean.

Wonderful! Thanks for sharing this.

Edit: It's also funny that there are such ice-related meanings, since zyma's name means "winter," and it was what prompted this investigation. I also like that ara is "name" in Ngaju.

[Arayaz]

The name Arayaz originated when I was 12, playing a simple puzzle game called "pipes" online. (I googled it just now and it still exists!) I got a pretty good time and wanted to submit it to the "Hall of Fame." (It's still there, 3175th in the world for 4x4, after all this time. It was 1,011th when I got it.) For this, I needed a username. The first thing that came to mind was my capoeira name, arraia [ɐ.'ha.jɐ] "stingray." I didn't want to just use it directly, though, so instead, I took its spelling (with an R instead of an H), and randomly added a z to the end. I pronounce Arayaz ['a.ɹə.jaz] or ['a.ɹĭ.jaz] (the middle vowel is heavily reduced, but it's definitely there), but I've come to learn that others pronounce it quite differently. I've head ['a.ɾa.jas] (as though it were a Spanish word) and [ə.'ɹe.jəz], to name a few.

Interesting! I'll have to read more of what Wikipedia has to say about capoeira later. For whatever it's worth, I think I've generally been reading your username as something like /ˈæɹɪjæz/.

You can also always ask me about capoeira, though I've only been doing it for like two years, so I'm not the best source of information. And thanks for the pronunciation :)

When I joined Tyuns, I decided to name my people after me. I randomly scrolled through my inherited lexicon and found the words are "rarely" and ja "to burn." I thought, "That has the potential for a cool name." So I semantically drifted are to mean "never," and bang: are ya, to never burn, whence Areyaxi "those who never burn," and Arayaz Neverburn, Arayaz's official full name.

I had to Google "Tyuns", and while I'm admittedly still not 100% sure that I understand what it is, I definitely agree that "those who never burn" is a cool name!

Tyuns is a collaborative conlanging/worldbuilding thing where each person controls one or two cultures. It has a set of rules and a map and stuff. It's on discord (my username is @arayazn, if you wanna join just dm me and I'll give you an invite ). But it's also just a group of conlangers/conworlders hanging out and doing things, often unrelated to conlanging/conworlding since the specifics of your stuff are confidential outside your realm. Flavia and Sketch are also in Tyuns, both due to me

[_Just_A_Sketch]

The name Arayaz originated when I was 12, playing a simple puzzle game called "pipes" online. (I googled it just now and it still exists!) I got a pretty good time and wanted to submit it to the "Hall of Fame." (It's still there, 3175th in the world for 4x4, after all this time. It was 1,011th when I got it.) For this, I needed a username. The first thing that came to mind was my capoeira name, arraia [ɐ.'ha.jɐ] "stingray." I didn't want to just use it directly, though, so instead, I took its spelling (with an R instead of an H), and randomly added a z to the end. I pronounce Arayaz ['a.ɹə.jaz] or ['a.ɹĭ.jaz] (the middle vowel is heavily reduced, but it's definitely there), but I've come to learn that others pronounce it quite differently. I've head ['a.ɾa.jas] (as though it were a Spanish word) and [ə.'ɹe.jəz], to name a few.

Interesting! I'll have to read more of what Wikipedia has to say about capoeira later. For whatever it's worth, I think I've generally been reading your username as something like /ˈæɹɪjæz/.

Oh hey thats pretty close to my pronunciation! I pronounce it as /ɛˈɹiːjæz/.

Spoiler:

aray
"years" in Ayu
"water" in Kohin
"ouch" in several Austronesian langs (Bikol Central, Kapampangan, Tagalog)
arey (*Editor's note: not part of my name, but a nickname I got based on Areyaxi.)
"friend" in Kagayanen
ayaz
"freezing weather; cloudless; frosty" in Azerbaijani, Crimean Tatar
"clear, dry, cold weather" in Turkish
ar
"shame" in Azerbaijani, Turkish
ara
"distance (& some other meanings)" in Azerbaijani
"envy" in Bikol Central
"arrow" in Bislama
"pan" in Blagar
"now" in Catalan, Occitan
"macaw" in maaaaaaaaany languages
"house; village" in Ese
"collective (I'm uncertain of its exact meaning)" in Esperanto
"skull" in Fyam
"altar" in Galician, Italian (literary), Portuguese, Latin; "Catholic altar" in Hiligaynon
"eagle" in Gothic
"bride" in Hungarian (literary)
"fig" in Indonesian, Malay
"charioteer; attendant" in Irish
"look!" in Maltese
"path" in Maori, Rapa Nui, Tahitian
"to wake up" in Maori
"the two of them" in Mokilese
"blood" in Nauruan
"name" in Ngaju
"to plow" in Romanian
"wing" in Sassarese
"and" in Southern Ohlone
"moon; calendar" in Ternate
"breakfast in Zazaki"
yaz
"spring" in Azerbaijani, Salar, Tatar, Western Yugur
"accumulation of ice" in Leonese
"summer" in Turkish

Imo moon and to wake up are the coolest. You could have a title like "Arayaz Neverburn the awoken" or even combine that with "moon" and get "Arayaz Neverburn, the one who wakes with the moon" which as rad as heck.

[Arayaz]

Imo moon and to wake up are the coolest. You could have a title like "Arayaz Neverburn the awoken" or even combine that with "moon" and get "Arayaz Neverburn, the one who wakes with the moon" which as rad as heck.

I like that! If I wake with the moon, I must have a very mutable sleep schedule. Right now it's a waxing crescent, so it rises around 9 AM, but depending on the phase, it could rise at any time of day. I'll add that to the canon for Arayaz Neverburn (who's kinda her own character at this point).

[Visions1]

Makihip looks really fine! I like just everything about it.

[Arayaz]

Makihip looks really fine! I like just everything about it.

Thank you! I really like it as well.