It occurs to me that
kolsǫ 'dowry' would have a plural. It would be
oklasą, so oCCaCą. (Actually, this was analogized from iCCaCą, so I might have East Wǫkratąk retain it. This would cause three of the plural paradigms to be the same, which I think would have interesting results.)
Also had to redo a few singular derivations for similar reasons. (How am I going to handle reflexives? [strike]That's going to be a pain and a half.[/strike] Looks like I spoke too soon…
maybe…)
CaCCǫk pl. CaCCąk – participial
CaCiC pl. CaCąC – adjectival (active)
CoCiC pl. CoCąC – adjectival (passive)
iCCǫC pl. iCCaCą – resultative (typically mass)
CoCiC pl. CoCCą – resultative (typically instance)
iCCiC pl. iCCaCą – animal
CeCeC pl. CeCCą – animal
CaCeC pl. CaCCą – plant
CaCaC pl. CaCąCą – process or result thereof
CiCaC pl. CiCCą – characteristic place, or plant (typically flowers)
CaCǫC pl. oCCaCą – price paid for something
CoCoC pl. CaCąC – plant
CęCaC – emotion or mental state
CiCoC pl. CęCCą – color
CaCCim pl. CoCCamą – large object with a given characteristic
CaCCǫb pl. CeCCąb – yet another plant nominalizer
CiCCa2es pl. CiCCa2ąs – natural occurrence or process; force
CǫCC pl. CǫCąC – body part
iCCǫC pl. CiCąC – body part
CaCCǫX pl. CeCCąr – body part, especially ones occurring in pairs
iC:aCiC pl. iC:aCąC – body part (esp. internal)
iCCiC pl. CiCąC – body part, especially ones occurring in pairs, particularly of the hands
CęCCo pl. CoCCǫ – animal
CoXaCiC pl. CoXCąC – animal (typically birds)
CąCXiC pl. CaCXąC – animal (typically used only of fish or animals closely associated with water)
CaCeC pl. CeCCǫ – characteristic building or product
CaCoC pl. CiCCǫ – characteristic person
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Thinking of having the sequence
-iw- become
-oy in East Wǫkratąk. (Might have the mid-vowel-plus-w sequences become low-vowel-plus-y sequences while I'm at it.) Might hold off on this particular sound change until later; that way some of the various East Wǫkratąk languages can have individual developments in resolving this sequence.
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Body part paradigms:
kǫps pl.
kǫpąs 'arm' (Cǫ- from analogy because of plurals falling together) >
kępso 'I reach'
iñnǫk pl.
ñinąk 'finger' >
ñęnko 'I point (at), I indicate'
taksǫs pl.
tekasąr 'knee' >
ęttakso 'I bend' (>
tękso 'I bend something')
issamis pl.
issamąs 'stomach' >
sęmso 'I digest'
ilkim pl.
likąm 'hand' >
lękmo 'I grab, I hold'
CǫCC pl. CǫCąC – body part (
√pht 'die' >
pǫht pl.
pǫhąt 'corpse';
√swp 'detect taste' >
sǫwp pl.
sǫwąp 'tongue';
√wrk 'support' >
wǫrk pl.
wǫrąk 'back, spine';
√pwġ 'swallow' >
pǫwġ pl.
pǫwąġ 'esophagus')
iCCǫC pl. CiCąC – body part (
√psn 'detect a scent' >
ipsǫn pl.
pisąn 'nose';
√rkm 'bite' >
irkǫm pl.
rikąm 'tooth')
CaCCǫX pl. CeCCąr – body part, especially ones occurring in pairs (
√ḅñr 'go out' >
ḅañrǫr pl.
ḅeñrąr 'foot';
√tkl 'hear' >
taklǫl pl.
tekląr 'ear')
iC:aCiC pl. iC:aCąC – body part (esp. internal) (
√tsp 'coil, roll up' >
ittasip pl.
ittasąp 'small intestine, guts';
√rtl 'brown' >
irratil pl.
irratąl 'liver')
iCCiC pl. CiCąC – body part, especially ones occurring in pairs, particularly of the hands (
√dlk 'rotate' >
idlik pl.
diląk 'wrist';
√pkr 'flat' >
ipkir pl.
pikąr 'palm of the hand';
√wgb 'hit, strike' >
iwgib pl.
wigąb 'fist';
√nd-r 'stick up, stick out' >
indir pl.
nidąr 'thumb',
√db-w 'be left over' >
idbiw pl.
dibąw 'little finger')
In High Wǫkratąk, the form CeCCąr got reanalyzed as a dual. Most body parts got shunted into some different plural and the dual got extended. Verbs often analogized out an -r or -ąr ending as appropriate. Further, the iCCiC-pl.-CiCąC-pattern words fell into one of the other patterns.
In Low Wǫkratąk, the the iCCiC-pl.-CiCąC-pattern words fell into one of the other patterns as well.
In East Wǫkratąk, iCCiC became the dual. How this happened is a little unclear since it was the singular form; one guess is that its connotation became "one of a pair" which then extended to the pair itself, and that the plural did not undergo this change due to its identical form to that of the iCCǫC plural.
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Some more on animals. The form CaCCim pl. CoCCamą (large object with a given characteristic) is sometimes used of large animals.
pętlo pl.
potalǫ 'squirrel' > CęCCo pl. CoCCǫ (animal; the proto-form had an original -w that dropped)
sosamit pl.
sosamąt 'type of bird' > CoXCiC pl. CoXCąC (typically birds)
tąrrin pl.
tararąn 'fish' > CąCXiC pl. CaCXąC (typically used only of fish or animals closely associated with water)
popahit pl.
pophąt 'carrion bird'
totasim pl.
totsąm 'type of bird associated with deciduous trees' (
√tsm 'deciduous tree')
dęlto pl.
dotlǫ 'type of animal considered a pest'
delek pl.
delką 'owl' (
√dlk 'rotate')
wegeb pl.
wegbą 'bird of prey' (
√wgb 'hit, strike')
wagbim pl.
wogbamą 'type of cat that hunts by dropping down from trees' (
√wgb 'hit, strike')
tagrim pl.
togramą 'bear' (
√tgr 'roar, growl')
dękro pl.
dokrǫ 'earthworm' (
√dkr 'rain(cloud)') (incidentally,
dękar 'the smell of impending rain')
dąmmiw pl.
dammąw 'type of fish often used for food'
tarek 'guard tower' pl. terakǫ > CaCeC pl. CeCCǫ 'characteristic building or product'
rakot 'king, governor' pl. rikatą > CaCoC pl. CiCCǫ 'characteristic person'
tasem pl.
tesamǫ 'fence' (
√tsm 'deciduous tree')
√trk 'guard, stand watch'
>
tęrko 'I watch, I guard'
>
ęttarko 'I stand watch'
>
tarik pl.
tarąką 'shift, watch'
>
tarǫk pl.
otraką 'wage'
>
tęrak 'vigilance'
>
tarkim pl.
torkamą 'defensive structure, trap'
>
tirkares pl.
tirkarąs 'defensive wave'
>
tarok pl.
tirkǫ 'guardsman'
√ssm 'flow'
>
sisam pl.
sismą 'estuary'
>
sosom pl.
sasąm 'type of aquatic plant'
>
sasmim pl.
sosmamą 'river'
>
sismases pl.
sismasąs 'current'
√rwm 'do battle'
>
rawmǫk pl.
rawmąk 'soldier'
>
rawim pl.
rawąm 'doing battle, engaging in combat'
>
irwǫm pl.
irwamą 'war'
>
rowim pl.
rowmą 'battle'
>
rawam pl.
rawąmą 'combat'
>
riwam pl.
riwmą 'battlefield'
>
ręwam 'belligerence, "fire" (so to speak), drive'
>
riwom pl.
ręwmą 'red' (first a poetic term, now the standard in High and Low Wǫkratąk)
>
rawmim pl.
rowmamą 'unit of troops'
>
riwmawes pl.
riwmawąs 'army, forces'
>
rawem pl.
rewmǫ 'armory'
>
rawom pl.
riwmǫ 'commander, general'
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Forget it, we're tackling reflexives…and that was less painful than I thought it would have been. (I just hope my thought process was correct here.)
iC:oCCǫk pl. iC:aCCąk – participial
iC:oCiC pl. iC:aCąC – adjectival (active)
węC:oCiC pl. węC:oCąC – adjectival (passive)
węC:oCǫC pl. węC:aCCą – resultative (typically mass)
iC:oCiC pl. iC:oCaCą – resultative (typically instance)
węC:oCiC pl. węC:aCCą – animal
iC:oCeC pl. iC:eCCą – animal
iC:oCeC pl. iC:aCCą – plant
iC:oCaC pl. i:CaCąCą – process or result thereof
iC:oCaC pl. iC:iCCą – characteristic place, or plant (typically flowers)
iC:oCǫC pl. woC:aCCą – price paid for something
iC:oCoC pl. iC:aCąC – plant
iC:oCaC – emotion or mental state
iC:oCoC pl. iC:ęCCą – color
iC:oCCim pl. iC:oCCamą – large object with a given characteristic
iC:oCCǫb pl. iC:eCCąb – yet another plant nominalizer
iC:iCCa2es pl. iC:iCCa2ąs – natural occurrence or process; force
oC:ǫCC pl. iC:ǫCąC – body part
węC:oCǫC pl. węC:iCąC – body part
iC:oCCǫX pl. iC:eCCąr – body part, especially ones occurring in pairs
węC:oCiC pl. węC:aCąC – body part (esp. internal)
węC:oCiC pl. węC:iCąC – body part, especially ones occurring in pairs, particularly of the hands
iC:oCCo pl. iC:oCCǫ – animal
iC:oXaCiC pl. iC:oXCąC – animal (typically birds)
iC:ąCXiC pl. iC:aCXąC – animal (typically used only of fish or animals closely associated with water)
iC:oCeC pl. iC:eCCǫ 'characteristic building or product'
iC:oCoC pl. iC:iCCǫ 'characteristic person'
Not sure if the reflexives will be used with the body-part nominalizers, but there they are anyway, just in case.
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Stress in Archaic Wǫkratąk was on the penult, unless the penult was plain /a/ (nasalized /ã/ was allowed to receive stress). If the penult was non-nasal /a/, stress retracted to the antepenult. Low Wǫkratąk was subject to a rule of /a/-deletion in this position (I have to see if these still apply since I figured out that I didn't delete some /a/ that I needed to):
- When #C_CV, penult /a/ metathesized with the first consonant: #CaCV > #aCCV.
- When VC_CV, penult /a/ was dropped.
- When C_CV(C)#, penult /a/ assimilated to the following vowel, which was then dropped, even when this would create a cluster violating the sonority hierarchy: CaCV(C)# > CVC(C)# (with Cw# > Cu#).
- When #C_CC, penult /a/ becomes /o/ if one of the intervening consonants is /w/ or if the following vowel is a back vowel. Otherwise, when #C_CC, penult /a/ becomes /e/.