The CBB

ɶʙ ɞʛ wrote: ↑09 Oct 2021 07:44 Was there basically no change from PIE to English, or is it a false cognate?

I'm not sure what you're asking here

/m n nˤ ŋ ŋ͡m~ŋ͡ʘ/ <m n nq ng gm>
/b m͡b t tˤ d n͡d d͡ʒ n͡d͜ʒ k ŋ͡g q k͡p~ʘ ŋ͡m͜g͡b~ŋˀʘ ʔ/ <b mb t tq d nd j nj k n-g ḳ kp ngb '>
/s sˤ n͡z h/ <s sq nz h>
/l l̃ ɫ ɫ̃ r j j̃ w w̃ ʕ ʕ̃/ <l nl lg nlg y ny w nw x nx>

/i ĩ ʉ ʉ̃ i: u:/ <i iñ ɨ ɨñ ii uu>
/ɪ ɪ̃ ʊ ʊ̃/ <ɪ ɪñ ʊ ʊñ>
/ɛ ɛ̃ ə ɞ ɞ̃/ <e eñ ə o oñ>
/æ a ã a: ɒ ɒ̃/ <ɛ a añ aa ɔ ɔñ
/m̩ n̩ ŋ̩/ <mm nn nng>

Vowel tones: /V˨ V˦ V˧˩/ written as /V V̄ V̀/ <i í ì>

/ʕ̃æ̀mī:n dəd͡ʒā:r qʊ̃̀n̩sˤæ̀q tʊ̄n͡zə̄l̃ɪk͡pā ŋ͡mɛ̃̀ŋ͡mɞ̀ || k͡pɒ̀ j̃ǣwŋ̩̀dəʕɪ̃ ʉmu:ŋ̩d͡ʒībɛ̃r sˤæŋ͡mŋ͡mə̀rīhnʉ̀n sɒ̀htˤa ɛ̃̄ŋ͡m͜g͡bì ʉ̃̀swī | ɫæbbɛ̀h w̃ɒ̄ŋ͡gɪq l̃in͡zɞ̀htɛ̀ʔn̩ri nã̀bɪ̃ n͡d͜ʒə̄l hʊssæ̀jn̩ ŋʉ̄n hʉ̃̀swī əʕʊ̀r d͡ʒæmæ̀l waʔɪq ŋʉ̄n tʊ̄n͡zə̄l̃ɪk͡pā ŋ͡mĩ̀mī:/
Nxɛ̀míín dəjáár ḳʊ̀ñsqɛ̀ḳ tʊ́nzə́nlɪkpá gmèñgmò. Kpɔ̀ nyɛ́wǹǹg̀dəxɪñ ɨmuunngjíbeñr sqɛgmgmə̀ríihnɨ̀n sɔ̀htqa éñngbì ɨ̀ñswí, lgɛbbèh nwɔ́n-gɪḳ nlinzòhtèxnnri nàñbɪñ njə́l hʊssɛ̀ynn ngɨ́n hɨ̀ñswí əxʊ̀r jɛmɛ̀l wa'ɪḳ ngɨ́n tʊ́nzə́nlɪkpá gmìñmíí

Next:

/k/
/m n ŋ/
/f β h/

/i e ø o œ ɔ æ ɐ/
/ie̯ uo̯ eɛ̯ oɔ̯ ɜɐ̯/

I think ɶʙ ɞʛ means my joke *nékstos; it's only a stylization to resemble PIE, it means nothing (or at least has nothing in common with "next"; the PIE ancestor of "next" is *h₂nḗḱwos, with superlative added in PG.

---
/k/ k
/m n ŋ/ m n ň
/f β h/ f b h

/i e ø o œ ɔ æ ɐ/ i é ø ó ö o e a
/ie̯ uo̯ eɛ̯ oɔ̯ ɜɐ̯/ ê ô ē ō ā

Next:

/b t ʔ/ /β s h/ /m n/ /ʋ ɬ j w/ /ɐ ɪ ɔ/ /ɐ̰ ɪ̰ ɔ̰/ /ˤɐ ˤɐ̰/ /ʲɪ ʲɪ̰/ /ˠɔ~ʷɔ ˠɔ̰~ʷɔ̰/

/b t ʔ/ ⟨b t k⟩
/β s h/ ⟨ḅ s h⟩
/m n/ ⟨m n⟩
/ʋ ɬ j w/ ⟨v ł y w⟩
/ɐ ɪ ɔ/ ⟨e i o⟩
/ɐ̰ ɪ̰ ɔ̰/ ⟨er ir or⟩
/ˤɐ ˤɐ̰/ ⟨oe oer⟩
/ʲɪ ʲɪ̰/ ⟨yi yir⟩
/ˠɔ~ʷɔ ˠɔ̰~ʷɔ̰/ ⟨go gor⟩

Next:
/m n/
/b t d tˠ dˠ k qˠ ʔ ʔˤ◌̃/
/t͡s d͡z d̠͡ʒ/
/f s z sˠ zˠ ʃ xˠ ɣ ħ h/
/l ɫ j ȷ̃ w w̃/
/rˠ/

/iː ɪ ʊ uː/
/eː ə̆ oː/
/æ ʌ/
/aː ɑː/

ɣˠ

Velarized velars don't exist AFAIK.

/m n/ <m n>
/b t d tˠ dˠ k qˠ ʔ ʔˤ◌̃/ <b t d ṭ ḍ k ḳ x ẋ>
/t͡s d͡z d̠͡ʒ/ <c j ž>
/f s z sˠ zˠ ʃ xˠ ɣ ħ h/ <f s z ṣ ẓ š q g ḥ h>
/l ɫ j ȷ̃ w w̃/ <l ḷ y ỹ v ṽ>
/rˠ/ <r>

/iː ɪ ʊ uː/ <ī i u ū>
/eː ə̆ oː/ <ē e ō>
/æ ʌ/ <æ a>
/aː ɑː/ <ǣ ā>

Aa Āā Ææ Ǣǣ Bb Cc Dd Ḍḍ Ee Ēē Ff Gg Hh Ḥḥ Ii Īī Jj Kk Ḳḳ Ll Ḷḷ Mm Nn Ōō Qq Rr Ss Ṣṣ Šš Tt Ṭṭ Uu Ūū Vv Ṽṽ Xx Ẋẋ Yy Ỹỹ Zz Ẓẓ Žž

---

Next:

/b t d k g q/
/v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ x ɣ h/
/t͡ʃ d͡ʒ/
/m n ŋ/
/l j w/
/r/

/i u/
/e o/
/ɛ ɔ/
/a/

/b t d k g q/ ⟨b t d k g q⟩
/v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ x ɣ h/ ⟨v ṡ ż s z ś ź ḳ ǥ h⟩
/t͡ʃ d͡ʒ/ ⟨c j⟩
/m n ŋ/ ⟨m n ṅ⟩
/l j w/ ⟨l y w⟩
/r/ ⟨r⟩

/i u/ ⟨i u⟩
/e o/ ⟨e o⟩
/ɛ ɔ/ ⟨ē ō⟩
/a/ ⟨a⟩

Next:
/m n/
/ᵐb ⁿd/
/p t tʰ tʼ k kʰ kʼ kʷ kʷʰ kʷʼ ʔ/
/t̪͡θ t̪͡θʰ t̪͡θʼ t͡s t͡sʰ t͡sʼ t͡ɬ t͡ɬʰ t͡ɬʼ t̠͡ʃ t̠͡ʃʰ t̠͡ʃʼ/
/θ ð s z ɬ ɮ ʃ ʒ χ ʁ χʷ ʁʷ h/
/l j ʍ w/
/ɾ/

/i u/
/e o/
/ɛ/
/ä/
/◌ː ◌̃ ◌̃ː/

/m n/ <m n>
/ᵐb ⁿd/ <mb nd>
/p t tʰ tʼ k kʰ kʼ kʷ kʷʰ kʷʼ ʔ/ <b d t tt g k kk gw kw kkw q>
/t̪͡θ t̪͡θʰ t̪͡θʼ t͡s t͡sʰ t͡sʼ t͡ɬ t͡ɬʰ t͡ɬʼ t̠͡ʃ t̠͡ʃʰ t̠͡ʃʼ/ <dð tþ ttþ ʒ c cc dḻ tł ttł ǯ č čč>
/θ ð s z ɬ ɮ ʃ ʒ χ ʁ χʷ ʁʷ h/ <þ ð s z ł ḻ š ž x ɣ xw ɣw h>
/l j ʍ w/ <l y f v>
/ɾ/ <r>

/i u/ <i u>
/e o/ <e o>
/ɛ/ <æ>
/ä/ <a>

/◌ː ◌̃ ◌̃ː/ <V́ V̨ V̨́>

Aa Áá Ąą Ą́ą́ Ææ Ǽǽ Æ̨æ̨ Ǽ̨ǽ̨ Bb Cc Čč Dd Ðð Ee Éé Ęę Ę́ę́ Ff Gg Hh Ii Íí Įį Į́į́ Kk Ll Łł Ḻḻ Mm Nn Oo Óó Ǫǫ Ǫ́ǫ́ Qq Rr Ss Šš Tt Uu Úú Ųų Ų́ų́ Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz Žž Ʒʒ Ǯǯ Þþ Ɣɣ

---

Next:

/p b t d k g ʔ/
/f v s z ʃ ʒ ɕ~ç ʑ~ʝ h/
/t͡s t͡ʃ t͡ɕ/
/m n ŋ/
/l j ʎ w/
/ɽ/
/r~ʀ/

/i iː yː u uː/
/e eː øː o oː/
/a aː/

/p b t d k g ʔ/ ⟨p b t d k g x⟩
/f v s z ʃ ʒ ɕ~ç ʑ~ʝ h/ ⟨f v s z š ž ś ź h⟩
/t͡s t͡ʃ t͡ɕ/ ⟨c č ć⟩
/m n ŋ/ ⟨m n ŋ⟩
/l j ʎ w/ ⟨l j ĺ ŭ⟩
/ɽ/ ⟨ř⟩
/r~ʀ/ ⟨r⟩

/i iː yː u uː/ ⟨i í ü u ú⟩
/e eː øː o oː/ ⟨e é ö o ó⟩
/a aː/ ⟨a á⟩

Next:
/m n/
/b t d d͡z d͡ɮ d̠͡ʒ k ɡ/
/tʼ t͡sʼ t͡ɬʼ t̠͡ʃʼ kʼ ʔ/
/s z ɬ ɮ ʃ ʒ x ɣ h/
/ɹ j/

/i iː ĩ ĩː/
/e eː ẽ ẽː o oː õ õː/
/a aː ã ãː/

/m n/ <m n>
/b t d d͡z d͡ɮ d̠͡ʒ k ɡ/ <b t d ʒ ƛ ǯ k g>
/tʼ t͡sʼ t͡ɬʼ t̠͡ʃʼ kʼ ʔ/ <ṭ ṣ ḷ ṣ̌ ḳ ḥ>
/s z ɬ ɮ ʃ ʒ x ɣ h/ <s z l ł š ž x q h>
/ɹ j/ <r y>

/i iː ĩ ĩː/ <i ii į įį>
/e eː ẽ ẽː o oː õ õː/ <e ee ę ęę o oo ǫ ǫǫ>
/a aː ã ãː/ <a aa ą ąą>

Aa Ąą Bb Dd Ee Ęę Gg Hh Ḥḥ Ii Įį Kk Ḳḳ Ll Ḷḷ Łł Mm Nn Oo Ǫǫ Qq Rr Ss Ṣṣ Šš Ṣ̌ṣ̌ Tt Ṭṭ Xx Yy Zz Žž Ʒʒ Ǯǯ Λƛ

---

Next:

/p b t d tˤ dˤ k g kʷ gʷ ʔ/
/f v s z sˤ zˤ ʃ ʒ x ɣ xʷ ɣʷ h/
/t͡ʃ d͡ʒ/
/m n nˤ ŋ ŋʷ/
/ʋ~w l lˤ j/
/r rˤ/

/i ĩ u ũ/
/e ẽ o õ/
/ɔ ɔ̃/
/a ã/

/p b t d tˤ dˤ k g kʷ gʷ ʔ/ ⟨p b t d ṭ ḍ k g kᵘ gᵘ ḳ⟩
/f v s z sˤ zˤ ʃ ʒ x ɣ xʷ ɣʷ h/ ⟨f v s z ṣ ẓ c j ĥ ĝ hᵘ ĝᵘ h⟩
/t͡ʃ d͡ʒ/ ⟨ĉ ĵ⟩
/m n nˤ ŋ ŋʷ/ ⟨m n ṇ ñ nᵘ⟩
/ʋ~w l lˤ j/ ⟨û l ɫ î⟩
/r rˤ/ ⟨r ṛ⟩

/i ĩ u ũ/ ⟨i iⁿ u uⁿ⟩
/e ẽ o õ/ ⟨e eⁿ o oⁿ⟩
/ɔ ɔ̃/ ⟨ȯ ȯⁿ⟩
/a ã/ ⟨a aⁿ⟩

Aa Bb Cc Ĉĉ Dd Ḍḍ Ee Ff Gg Ĝĝ Hh Ĥĥ Ii Îî Jj Ĵĵ Kk Ḳḳ Ll Ɫɫ Mm Nn (ᴺⁿ) Ññ Oo Ȯȯ Pp Rr Ṛṛ Ss Ṣṣ Tt Ṭṭ Uu (ᵁᵘ) Ûû Vv Zz Ẓẓ

Next:
/m n ŋ/
/p b t d k ɡ/
/ɓ ɠ/
/t͡s d͡z ȶ͡ɕ ȡ͡ʑ/
/ɗ͡z ɗ̠ʲ͡ʑ/
/s ɕ/
/ɾ/

/i ĩ u ũ/
/e ẽ ɤ o õ/
/a ã/

/m n ŋ/ <m n ŋ>
/p b t d k ɡ/ <p b t d k g>
/ɓ ɠ/ <ɓ ɠ>
/t͡s d͡z ȶ͡ɕ ȡ͡ʑ/ <c z č ž>
/ɗ͡z ɗ̠ʲ͡ʑ/ <ɗz ɗž>
/s ɕ/ <s š>
/ɾ/ <r>

/i ĩ u ũ/ <i ĩ u ũ>
/e ẽ ɤ o õ/ <e ẽ y o õ>
/a ã/ <a ã>

Aa Ãã Bb Ɓɓ Cc Čč Dd Ɗɗ Ee Ẽẽ Gg Ɠɠ Ii Ĩĩ Kk Mm Nn Ŋŋ Oo Õõ Pp Rr Ss Šš Tt Uu Ũũ Yy Zz Žž

---

Next:

/p b t d k g ʔ/
/f s z ɕ ʑ h/
/t͡s t͡ɕ/
/m n ŋ/
/l j w/
/ɽ/

/i y ʉ ɯ u/
/e ø ɤ o/
/a ɒ/

/p b t d k g ʔ/ <p b t d k g ķ>
/f s z ɕ ʑ h/ <f s z ş j h>
/t͡s t͡ɕ/ <c ç>
/m n ŋ/ <m n ņ>
/l j w/ <l y v>
/ɽ/ <r>

/i y ʉ ɯ u/ <i ü w ï u>
/e ø ɤ o/ <e ö ë o>
/a ɒ/ <ä a>

---

Next:

/m n̪ ɳ ɲ ŋ/
/p t̪ ʈ c k/
/pː t̪ː ʈː cː kː/
/s̪ ʂ ɕ/
/s̪ː ʂː ɕː/
/v ð ɻ j ɣ/
/fː θː xː/
/l̪ ɭ ʎ/

/a ɛ i ɔ u /
/aː ɛː iː ɔː uː/
/ãː ɛ̃ː ĩː ɔ̃ː ũː/

/m n̪ ɳ ɲ ŋ/ <m n ṇ ň ŋ>
/p t̪ ʈ c k/ <p t ṭ c k>
/pː t̪ː ʈː cː kː/ <pp tt ṭṭ cc kk>
/s̪ ʂ ɕ/ <s ṣ š>
/s̪ː ʂː ɕː/ <ss ṣṣ šš>
/v ð ɻ j ɣ/ <v d r j g>
/fː θː xː/ <ff þþ hh>
/l̪ ɭ ʎ/ <l ḷ ľ>

/a ɛ i ɔ u/ <a e i o u>
/aː ɛː iː ɔː uː/ <ā ē ī ō ū>
/ãː ɛ̃ː ĩː ɔ̃ː ũː/ <ą ę į ǫ ų>

Aa Āā Ąą Cc Dd Ee Ēē Ęę Ff Gg Hh Ii Īī Įį Jj Kk Ll Ḷḷ Ľľ Mm Nn Ṇṇ Ňň Ŋŋ Oo Ōō Ǫǫ Pp Rr Ss Ṣṣ Šš Tt Ṭṭ Uu Ūū Ųų Vv Þþ

---

Next:

/p b t d k g ʔ/
/f v s z x h/
/m n/
/l j w ʕ̞/
/r/

/i/
/e o/
/a/

/p b t d k g ʔ/<p b t d k g c>
/f v s z x h/<f v s z h j>
/m n/<m n>
/l j w ʕ̞/<l y w x>
/r/<r>

/i/<i>
/e o/<a~e o>
/a/<u>

jimydog000 wrote: ↑13 Oct 2021 01:33 /p b t d k g ʔ/<p b t d k g c>
/f v s z x h/<f v s z h j>
/m n/<m n>
/l j w ʕ̞/<l y w x>
/r/<r>

/i/<i>
/e o/<a~e o>
/a/<u>

Next?

/m n ɲ ŋ/
/p b t d t̠͡ʃ k ɡ/
/pʰ~f tʰ~θ kʰ~x/
/v s z ʃ ç h/
/l j w/
/r/

/i u/
/e o/
/a/
/aj aw oe̯ uj/

/m n ɲ ŋ/ <m n ñ ŋ>
/p b t d t̠͡ʃ k ɡ/ <p b t d c k g>
/pʰ~f tʰ~θ kʰ~x/ <ph th kh>
/v s z ʃ ç h/ <v s z ch x h>
/l j w/ <l j w>
/r/ <r>

/i u/ <i u>
/e o/ <e o>
/a/ <a>

/aj aw oe̯ uj/ <ai au oe ui>

Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Ññ Ŋŋ Oo Pp Rr Ss Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Zz

---

Next:

/p pʼ t tʼ k kʼ ʔ/
/ɸ s ɬ ʃ ħ h/
/t͡s t͡sʼ t͡ɬ t͡ɬʼ t͡ʃ t͡ʃʼ/
/m n/
/ʋ l j w ʕ̞/
/r/

/i u/
/e o/
/ɛ ɔ/
/a/

/p pʼ t tʼ k kʼ ʔ/ <p kp t kt k q '>
/ɸ s ɬ ʃ ħ h/ <f s ł š ħ h>
/t͡s t͡sʼ t͡ɬ t͡ɬʼ t͡ʃ t͡ʃʼ/ <c kc tł kł č kč>
/m n/ <m n>
/ʋ l j w ʕ̞/ <v l ĭ ŭ ă>
/r/ <r>

/i u/ <i u>
/e o/ <ĕ ŏ>
/ɛ ɔ/ <e o>
/a/ <a>

/m n ɳ/
/p b t d ʈ ɖ ȶ c ɟ q/
/ɸ θ ð s z ʂ ɕ χ h/
/w ʙ l ʗ j/

/ʝ̩ ɣ̩ʷ ʢ̩/
/i i: ɨ u u:/
/e e: ə ə: o o:/
/æ a a: ɒ/

/m n ɳ/ ⟨m n ṇ⟩
/p b t d ʈ ɖ ȶ c ɟ q/ ⟨p b t d ṭ ḍ ť q g k⟩
/ɸ θ ð s z ʂ ɕ χ h/ ⟨f ṡ ż s z ṣ š x h⟩
/w ʙ l ʗ j/ ⟨w r l c y⟩

/ʝ̩ ɣ̩ʷ ʢ̩/ ⟨i’ u’ a’⟩
/i i: ɨ u u:/ ⟨i ī ĭ u ū⟩
/e e: ə ə: o o:/ ⟨e ē ĕ ē̆ o ō⟩
/æ a a: ɒ/ ⟨ă a ā ŏ⟩

---

/p t tʃ ʔ/
/ᵐb~m ⁿdʳ~n ᶮɟ~ɲ/
/ɺ j w h/

/i u ɪ ø o ɛ ʌ ɔ a/
/i˥ i˩/

/p t tʃ ʔ/ <p t c k>
/ᵐb~m ⁿdʳ~n ᶮɟ~ɲ/ <m n ñ>
/ɺ j w h/ <r j v h>

/i u ɪ ø o ɛ ʌ ɔ a/ <i u ê y ô e ơ o a>

/i˥ i˩/ <í i>

Aa Áá Cc Ee Éé Êê Ếế Hh Ii Íí Jj Kk Mm Nn Ññ Oo Óó Ôô Ốố Ơơ Ớớ Pp Rr Tt Uu Úú Vv Yy Ýý

---

Next:

/p b t d c ɟ k g q/
/s ɬ ħ h/
/m n ŋ/
/l j w/
/ɽ/

/i y ɯ u/
/e o/
/ɛ ɔ/
/a/