Haerogelos

A forum for all topics related to constructed languages
Post Reply
User avatar
Vlürch
greek
greek
Posts: 452
Joined: 09 Mar 2016 21:19
Location: Finland
Contact:

Haerogelos

Post by Vlürch »

I figured I should probably post a thread about this since it's probably the conlang I've worked the second most on, which is really saying a lot about how easily I get bored of them and move on to a new one. Anyway, it's the one I came up with to participate in the conlang magazine collab (here's the first (and at least so far only) page I made) and I'm pretty proud of it, even if it's for the most part really basic SAE with some Japanese, Finnish and Turkic influence. Most of the IE influence was drawn from Greek, but also Latin (and since I know next to nothing about Greek, the Latin influence is probably way more noticeable).

Haerogelos - name of the language
Haer - the endonym of the conpeople

...well, it's from Ancient Greek "ἱερός" and "γλῶσσα" and Latin "haeresis", but obviously that's not the con-etymology; the latter half could be derived from Greek even conically, but the first part is definitely not supposed to be from either; conically, it could be from "haerus" meaning "old", but even that's not supposed to be a proper con-etymology. [:P]

PHONOLOGY

/m n ɲ ŋ/ <m n ny ng>
/mʲ/ <my>
/p b t d k g/ <p b t d k g>
/pʲ bʲ tʲ dʲ kʲ gʲ/ <py by ty dy ky gy>
/tʷ dʷ kʷ gʷ/ <tw dw kw gw>
/t͡ʃ k͡s/ <ch x>
/s ʃ ʒ/ <s sh j>
/f v θ ð ç j h/ <f v th z hy y h>
/r/ <r>
/l/ <l>

/ɑ e i o u/ <a e i o u>
/ɑː eː iː oː uː/ <ā ē ī ō ū>
/ɐ͉ ɛ͉ ɪ͉ ɔ͉ ʊ͉/ <à è ì ò ù>

The exact nature of the weakly articulated vowels is unimportant; they could just be quieter, extra-short, devoiced, have a low tone while everything else has a high tone (or vice versa), or even simply differ in quality with no other distinction, etc. Doesn't matter at all as long as they're somehow distinguished from the regular vowels.

/ɑe̯ ɑi̯ ɑo̯ ɑu̯/ <ae ai ao au>
/eɑ̯ ei̯ eo̯ eu̯/ <ea ei eo eu>
/iɑ̯ ie̯ io̯ iu̯/ <ia ie io iu>
/oɑ̯ oe̯ oi̯ ou̯/ <oa oe oi ou>
/uɑ̯ ue̯ ui̯ uo̯/ <ua ue ui uo>

There may also be triphthongs, but I didn't use them at all in any vocabulary or inflections at least yet since I'm not sure if I like them (or if they're fitting for this particular conlang). Their secondary purpose is also already taken for the most part by the secondary articulation on consonants, so they'd be kinda pointless:
/(◌ˠ)ɐ̯eɑ̯ (◌ˠ)ɐ̯ei̯ (◌ˠ)ɐ̯eo̯ (◌ˠ)ɐ̯eu̯/ <aea aei aeo aeu>
/(◌ˠ)ɐ̯iɑ̯ (◌ˠ)ɐ̯ie̯ (◌ˠ)ɐ̯io̯ (◌ˠ)ɐ̯iu̯/ <aia aie aio aiu>
/(◌ˠ)ɐ̯oɑ̯ (◌ˠ)ɐ̯oe̯ (◌ˠ)ɐ̯oi̯ (◌ˠ)ɐ̯ou̯/ <aoa aoe aoi aou>
/(◌ˠ)ɐ̯uɑ̯ (◌ˠ)ɐ̯ue̯ (◌ˠ)ɐ̯ui̯ (◌ˠ)ɐ̯uo̯/ <aua aue aui auo>
/(◌ʲ)ə̯ɑe̯ (◌ʲ)ə̯ɑi̯ (◌ʲ)ə̯ɑo̯ (◌ʲ)ə̯ɑu̯/ <eae eai eao eau>
/(◌ʲ)ə̯iɑ̯ (◌ʲ)ə̯ie̯ (◌ʲ)ə̯io̯ (◌ʲ)ə̯iu̯/ <eia eie eio eiu>
/(◌ʲ)ə̯oɑ̯ (◌ʲ)ə̯oe̯ (◌ʲ)ə̯oi̯ (◌ʲ)ə̯ou̯/ <eoa eoe eoi eou>
/(◌ʲ)ə̯uɑ̯ (◌ʲ)ə̯ue̯ (◌ʲ)ə̯ui̯ (◌ʲ)ə̯uo̯/ <eua eue eui euo>
/(◌ʲ)ɪ̯ɑe̯ (◌ʲ)ɪ̯ɑi̯ (◌ʲ)ɪ̯ɑo̯ (◌ʲ)ɪ̯ɑu̯/ <iae iai iao iau>
/(◌ʲ)ɪ̯eɑ̯ (◌ʲ)ɪ̯ei̯ (◌ʲ)ɪ̯eo̯ (◌ʲ)ɪ̯eu̯/ <iea iei ieo ieu>
/(◌ʲ)ɪ̯oɑ̯ (◌ʲ)ɪ̯oe̯ (◌ʲ)ɪ̯oi̯ (◌ʲ)ɪ̯ou̯/ <ioa ioe ioi iou>
/(◌ʲ)ɪ̯uɑ̯ (◌ʲ)ɪ̯ue̯ (◌ʲ)ɪ̯ui̯ (◌ʲ)ɪ̯uo̯/ <iua iue iui iuo>
/(◌ʷ)ə̯ɑe̯ (◌ʷ)ə̯ɑi̯ (◌ʷ)ə̯ɑo̯ (◌ʷ)ə̯ɑu̯/ <oae oai oao oau>
/(◌ʷ)ə̯eɑ̯ (◌ʷ)ə̯ei̯ (◌ʷ)ə̯eo̯ (◌ʷ)ə̯eu̯/ <oea oei oeo oeu>
/(◌ʷ)ə̯iɑ̯ (◌ʷ)ə̯ie̯ (◌ʷ)ə̯io̯ (◌ʷ)ə̯iu̯/ <oia oie oio oiu>
/(◌ʷ)ə̯uɑ̯ (◌ʷ)ə̯ue̯ (◌ʷ)ə̯ui̯ (◌ʷ)ə̯uo̯/ <oua oue oui ouo>
/(◌ʷ)ʊ̯ɑe̯ (◌ʷ)ʊ̯ɑi̯ (◌ʷ)ʊ̯ɑo̯ (◌ʷ)ʊ̯ɑu̯/ <uae uai uao uau>
/(◌ʷ)ʊ̯eɑ̯ (◌ʷ)ʊ̯ei̯ (◌ʷ)ʊ̯eo̯ (◌ʷ)ʊ̯eu̯/ <uea uei ueo ueu>
/(◌ʷ)ʊ̯iɑ̯ (◌ʷ)ʊ̯ie̯ (◌ʷ)ʊ̯io̯ (◌ʷ)ʊ̯iu̯/ <uia uie uio uiu>
/(◌ʷ)ʊ̯oɑ̯ (◌ʷ)ʊ̯oe̯ (◌ʷ)ʊ̯oi̯ (◌ʷ)ʊ̯ou̯/ <uoa uoe uoi uou>

PRONOUNS

Where two are given (eg. "man/maran"), the former is more casual and informal while the latter is more formal. Commonly, the formal pronouns follow rather than precede other things (eg. "gelos manī"), but that's not really a rule either.

1ST PERSON MASCULINE (SINGULAR, PLURAL)
nominative: ma, mi/mani
accusative: me/maro, mi/manim
genitive: man/maran, min/manī
dative: mu/maru, mae/marao
lative: mura, marai
locative: mara, mara/marava
comitative: mana/marāna, mari

1ST PERSON FEMININE (SINGULAR, PLURAL)
nominative: ma, mi/mani
accusative: me/miru, mi/manim
genitive: min/miren, min/manī
dative: mi/meru, mae/marao
lative: mire, marai
locative: mire, mara/marava
comitative: mine/mirēna, mari

2ND PERSON MASCULINE (SINGULAR, PLURAL)
nominative: cha, hada/sihada
accusative: chan/saro, hadi/sihadi
genitive: chun/saran, chin/sairān
dative: chu/saru, chi/sīdao
lative: chura/sūra, chai/sarai
locative: chara, chara/sarvai
comitative: chana/sahāra, china/sadāri

2ND PERSON FEMININE (SINGULAR, PLURAL)
nominative: cha, hada/sihada
accusative: chan/siru, hadi/sihadi
genitive: chin/siren, chin/sairān
dative: chi/seru, chi/sīdao
lative: chira/sīre, chai/sarai
locative: chire, chara/sarvai
comitative: chine/sihāre, china/sadāri

3RD PERSON MASCULINE (SINGULAR, PLURAL)
nominative: na/hu, ni/huna
accusative: ne/haro, nim/hunīm
genitive: an/haran, han/hunan
dative: ne/haru, nae/hanae
lative: nara/hanara, narai/hanarai
locative: ane/handi, vai/haivā
comitative: ana/houna, anai/hanāri

3RD PERSON FEMININE (SINGULAR, PLURAL)
nominative: na/hi, ni/hana
accusative: ne/hiru, nim/hanīm
genitive: en/hiren, han/hanin
dative: ne/heru, nae/hanae
lative: nara/hanara, narai/hanarai
locative: ane/handi, vai/haivā
comitative: ana/heina, anai/hanāri

3RD PERSON NEUTER~INANIMATE (SINGULAR, PLURAL)
nominative: na, ni
accusative: ne, no
genitive: en, nan
dative: ne, nae
lative: nara, narai
locative: ane, nai
comitative/instrumental: ana, anai


RECIPROCAL
nominative: suli
accusative: sulim
genitive: sulan
dative: sulae
lative: surai
locative: sulava
comitative/instrumental: sunari

The locative pronouns are used for expressions like "at our house", which can be said as simply "marava" or informally "mara".

NOUNS

dezet - mind, opinion, identity
dezetmelgaj - poll, census
melgaj - survey, questionnaire
narmush - society, civilisation, culture
nar - country, nation
sap - life
gil - death
rojgim - truth, reality
chav - youth, young person, teen, young adult
kan - belief, conviction, thought, opinion
ogan - religion, life stance, goal, hope, wish, etc.
hyaorogan - secularism, syncretism, freedom of religion
Kristogan - Christianity
Kristyan - Christian (person of Christian faith)
Islāmogan - Islam
Musulman - Muslim
Buddogan - Buddhism
Buddist - Buddhist
Hindogan - Hinduism
Hind - Hindu
Ebrahamogan - Abrahamic religion
Ebrahamoganjal - adherent of an Abrahamic religion
profit - prophet (only used of "foreign" religions)
mandah - god, deity
Mandah - God (in a monotheistic sense)
tank - sky
Tank - Heaven (afterlife place)
kanjal - follower, adherent (of a religion, political movement, etc.)
fan - beauty, attractiveness; beautiful woman
fasar - attractive person (of either gender)
aim - love
nak - happiness
salp - peace
rabok - war
senabat - freedom
bekuzat - oppression
gelos - language, speech, tongue
sam - building, house
jal - person, -er (also used as a suffix)
jalajal - people, masses (uses masculine plural declensions)
poer - son
muir - daughter
bud - father
dub - mother
gaedut - education
gaedutsam - school
gaedutjal - student
istārih - history
hyat - message, idea, concept, key point
tum - present, the current moment
sult - another person, different person, other person, someone else, etc.
gorok - judgement
nazal - example, model, illustration
surgashab - century
durgashab - decade
ashab - year
vish - month
ximel - virgin (female)
xumal - virgin (male)
ātīst - artist, painter, drawer
voast - friend
gorg - enemy
gurias - torture, pain
myug - blood
hyaor - connection, attachment, link, joint
myughyaor - consanguinity
dwairg - coal
dwar - stone, rock, mineral
gwirin - slave, servant (in general; sex slaves, imperial servants, etc.)
dwargwirin - slave (for labour; not just for mining despite etymology)
tyoub - owner, master (of a slave, pet, etc.)
byuar - pet
kwal - clothing
cham - creation, design, organisation
kwalcham - fashion

DECLENSION

Possessive suffixes that come before other declensions:
1st.p: -eum
2nd.p: -eut
3rd.p: -euv

MASCULINE
SINGULAR, PLURAL

nominative: -Ø, -i
accusative: -i, -im
genitive: -in, -ain
dative: -u, -ae
lative: -a, -ai
locative: -e, -av
ablative: -ol, -aul
comitative: -ana, -ani

FEMININE
SINGULAR, PLURAL

nominative: -Ø, -i
accusative: -i, -im
genitive: -in, -ine
dative: -i, -ae
lative: -a, -ai
locative: -e, -ai
ablative: -el, -eil
comitative: -ena, -eni

NEUTER / INANIMATE
SINGULAR, PLURAL

nominative: -Ø, -i
accusative: -i, -o
genitive: -in, -an
dative: -e, -o
lative: -a, -ai
locative: -e, -ai
ablative: -al, -ail
comitative: -ana, -ani

CONJUNCTIONS

a - and
i - or
sai - but
e - and/or, either one of

na - that
kaesa - like, as if, as though
kaena - even if, even though
igèsa - so, as such, therefore, hence...
ige - because, since, considering that

DETERMINERS
These do not decline. One important use is to contrast things.

ha - this; these
ava - that; those
ban - all, every, each
gyū - both
gyūva - both of which
sult - another, different, other, additional

ADJECTIVES

xain - other, different, foreign
sult - another, different, other, additional
heut - similar
oron - great, magnificent, powerful, awe-inspiring
ayan - great, good, beneficial
gord - awful, bad, harmful
kanayan - good, virtuous
sun - big, large
nak - happy, joyful, content
salp - peaceful, pacifistic, caring
rab - warlike, violent, aggressive
senab - free
bekuz - oppressed
vein - recent, new
haerus - old
ambar - dangerous
vasān - particular, specific, in question
turen - last
nazal - exemplary, illustrative
faer - unknown, mysterious
faus - weird, strange

DECLENSION

comparative: -un
superlative: -ulin

SINGULAR, PLURAL; MASCULINE / FEMININE / NEUTER~INANIMATE

nominative: -a/a/a, -i/i/i
accusative: -i, -i/i/o
genitive: -in/in/in, -ān/ēn/an
dative: -u/i/u, -a/e/u
lative: -a/a/a, -ai/ai/ai
locative: -e/e/e, -i/i/i
ablative: -al/el/al, -āl/ēl/ol
comitative: -a/e/a, -i/i/i

adverbial: -ae/ae/ae, -ui/ui/ui

When used in sentences like "X is Y", the bare form of the adjective is used, for example "gaedut ayan" ("education is good"). The plural is still used for plural things, though.

ADVERBS

IRREGULARS:
eki - why
uki - what
iki - when
mus - not (at the end of a phrase to be negated)
mà - not (before the phrase to be negated)
m' - not (clitic before vowels, before the phrase to be negated)
haiga - particularly, typically, generally, always
hairan - however, nevertheless, nonetheless, still, anyway
tumu - currently, presently, as we speak, at this moment
ronu - greatly, a lot, much
ronsa - so much, to the extent that
xumantas - approximately, about, around, circa (abbreviated x.)
unu - only, solely, alone

REGULARS:
Derived simply by putting an adjective in the adverbial case. Sometimes, meanings differ slightly. Usually not, though.

nazalae - for example
rabae - fiercely, aggressively

VERBS

ilj - to say, tell, explain (+ dative)
bah - to ask, question, interrogate (+ dative)
nag - to show, reveal (+ accusative) ~ intransitive
nag - to show, reveal (+ dative) ~ transitive
kan - to think about (+ accusative)
kan - to believe in (+ comitative)
na _ kan - to think, believe that (+ nominative)
kan na _ - to think, believe that (+ nominative)
van - to tolerate, accept (+ accusative)
ovan - to respect (+ dative)
parg - to convert (to a religion, etc.) (intransitive) (+ lative)
pargan - to convert (to a religion, etc.) (transitive) (+lative)
av - to have sex with (+ comitative)
aim - to love (+ accusative)
aim - to be in love with (+ comitative)
gort - to hurt, damage, weaken, be bad for (+ accusative)
agraz - to be sad, hurt, weakened, to feel bad (+ nominative)
ogras - to suffer, be agonised, undergo pain (+ nominative)
sulp - to contain (+ locative)
kuluv - to spread, expand, grow, come closer (+ lative)
kuluv - to spread, extend, increase, offer (+ dative)
meg - to go, move away, go in (+ lative)
hyul - reject, abandon (+ ablative)
ed - to be, exist
rab - to fight, battle against (+ dative)
rab - to fight, battle together with on the same side (+ comitative)
umar - to be born (+ nominative)
umar - to be born from (+ ablative)
silaun - to worship, venerate

AUXILIARY VERBS

These either precede or follow the main verb and do not conjugate at all. Their placement does not change the meaning, but using them after the main verb is considered less formal.

kya - should, must, ought to
rabu - force to

CONJUGATION
The default is masculine, but for mixed-sex groups of humans it is usually determined by the majority; if there is no majority, it defaults to masculine again.

MASCULINE
SINGULAR, PLURAL
1.p. past: -amida, -amidi
2.p. past: -asida, -asidi
3.p. past: -ida, -idi

1.p. past prog: -amirda, -amirādi
2.p. past prog: -asirda, -asirādi
3.p. past prog: -irda, -irādi

1.p. perfect prog: -amourda, -amurdā
2.p. perfect prog: -asourda, -asurdā
3.p. perfect prog: -ourda, -ordā

1.p. past perfect prog: -amurdi, -amurādi
2.p. past perfect prog: -asurdi, -asurādi
3.p. past perfect prog: -urdi, -urādi

1.p. present: -amu, -umeo
2.p. present: -asu, -uso
3.p. present: -u, -eo

1.p. present prog: -armu, -urmeo
2.p. present prog: -arsu, -urso
3.p. present prog: -oru, -oreo

1.p. future: -emin, -emindi
2.p. future: -esin, -esindi
3.p. future: -in, -endi

1.p. future prog: -ermin, -ermindi
2.p. future prog: -ersin, -ersindi
3.p. future prog: -erin, -erdi

1.p. potential: -omos, -omodos
2.p. potential: -osos, -osodos
3.p. potential: -oulos, -ovoulos

1.p. hypothetical: -amos, -amados
2.p. hypothetical: -asos, -asados
3.p. hypothetical: -aulos, -avoulos


FEMININE
SINGULAR, PLURAL
1.p. past: -emide, -emidi
2.p. past: -eside, -esidi
3.p. past: -ide, -idi

1.p. past prog: -emirde, -emiredi
2.p. past prog: -esirde, -esiredi
3.p. past prog: -irde, -iraedi

1.p. perfect prog: -emeirde, -emirdē
2.p. perfect prog: -eseirde, -esirdē
3.p. perfect prog: -eirde, -irdē

1.p. past perfect prog: -emirdi, -emirēdi
2.p. past perfect prog: -esirdi, -esirēdi
3.p. past perfect prog: -eirdi, -eirēdi

1.p. present: -emu, -umae
2.p. present: -esu, -usa
3.p. present: -o, -ea

1.p. present prog: -ermu, -armea
2.p. present prog: -ersu, -arsa
3.p. present prog: -eru, -erae

1.p. future: -emine, -emindi
2.p. future: -esine, -esindi
3.p. future: -ine, -endi

1.p. future prog: -ermine, -ermindi
2.p. future prog: -ersine, -ersindi
3.p. future prog: -erine, -erdi

1.p. potential: -aimas, -amaidos
2.p. potential: -aisas, -asaidos
3.p. potential: -ailas, -availos

1.p. hypothetical: -amas, -amedas
2.p. hypothetical: -asas, -asedas
3.p. hypothetical: -elas, -avelas



NEUTER / INANIMATE
SINGULAR, PLURAL
3.p. past: -eda, -idi

3.p. past prog: -irda, -irdi

3.p. perfect prog: -arda, -ardā

3.p. past perfect prog: -ardi, -arādi

3.p. present: -Ø, -e

3.p. present prog: -oru, -ari

3.p. future: -in, -endi

3.p. future prog: -eri, -erdi

3.p. potential: -alas, -avaulas

3.p. hypothetical: -alas, -avaulas


PARTICIPLES DO NOT DISTINGUISH GENDER

passive past participle: -aelis, -aldis
active past participle: -avelis, -avaldis
passive present participle: -eolis, -oldis
active present participle: -evolis, -ovaldis
passive future participle: -oulis, -oulodis
active future participle: -ovoulis, -ovouldis

ADPOSITIONS

ura - by, through the action of, due to, because of, caused by (preposition)
suka - after (+ genitive) (postposition)
li - regarding, concerning (+ accusative) (preposition)

ARTICLES

definite articles: al, il (singular, plural)
(optional) indefinite article: u, us (singular, plural)

NUMERALS

un - one
nun - two
ver - three
gar - four
ahran - five
saktan - six
sarban - seven
balan - eight
gevtan - nine
durg - ten
surg - hundred

durgilu - eleven
durginu - twelve
durgver - thirteen
durgāri - fourteen
durgīran - fifteen
durgsaktan - sixteen
durgsarban - seventeen
durglahtar - eighteen
durgēvta - nineteen

uldurg - twenty
verdurg - thirty
gurdurg - forty
ahdurg - fifty
sakdurg - sixty
bandurg - seventy
lahdurg - eighty
gevdurg - ninety

~

stini - first
nuni - second
verni - third
garni - fourth
ahrani - fifth
saktani - sixth
sarbani - seventh
balahtari - eighth
gevtani - ninth
durgistini - tenth

~

Ways certain phrases are expressed:
"X out of Y" in numbers: X-gen Y-acc, eg. "durgin veri" ("three out of ten")
"for X amount of time": X-acc
"made by X": X-ablative, eg. "ātīstol faeral" ("by an unknown artist")

Yeah, there are some references to things in certain words. Some of them are obvious, like "chav" being literally just English "chav", but others, like "fan", may not be as obvious. Anyone who knows why that means "beauty" is probably either a pervert or a hipster, or both...? [xP] Well, anyway, there are also just transparent loanwords which are meant to be loanwords (like "ātīst", "profit" and "istārih"), and others that are meant to be vague (like "xain", "tank" and "poer").

The singular genitive is obviously just identical to Finnish (and similar to Turkic languages (and Japanese, at least informally)). A lot of the inflections are meant to be similar to whatever, but yeah. It's still an a priori conlang.
Post Reply