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Proto-Waishu

Posted: 24 Apr 2019 01:57
by GizmoLangs24
Hello!

This version of my new conlang is rather early, but it has most of its core mechanics in place, and is at a fairly usable state, so I am putting it up for review, and criticism is always appreciated.

Phonology:
/p b t d k g/ <p b t d k g>
/m n ɲ/ <m n nj>
/f s ʃ x/ <f s sh x>
/l j w/ <l j w>

Phonotactics:
(C)V(V)(C)(C)

Onset (first consonant slot) = all consonants
Nucleus (both vowel slots) = all single vowels/dipthongs
Coda (last 2 consonant slots) = all single consonants - /ɲ l j w/. /s ʃ/ followed by unvoiced plosives.

Clusters = no vowel clusters besides dipthongs. All plosives and fricatives - /t d x/ followed by /l/. All plosives and fricatives followed by /w/. /n/ followed by alveolar plosives + /s ʃ/. /m/ followed by bilabial nasals.

Stress will fall on the syllable in the middle of the word. If the word has two "middle" syllables, it will fall on the one closest to the start of the word. [Ka.'wa.ʃa], [Ka.'wa.ʃi.no]

Pronouns:
Ko - I/me
Shu - you
Lo - he/him
Ma - she/her

Wi - we/us
Shai - you all
Nu - they/them (m)
Mu- they/them (f)

Verbs:
Verbs have 3 tenses and 4 aspects, and are conjugated based on each combination of tense and aspect. There is no present perfect aspect.

Present(Pr)
Past(Pa)
Future(Fu)

Continous(C)
Habitual(H)
Perfective(P)
Factual/Simple(F) - expresses facts, supposed or otherwise. Similar to english's simple aspect, but does not include habitual aspect. Could not find a specific name for this, so until further notice, its factual. :p

Endings:
PrC - (u)jo
PrH - (u)lo
PrF - (u)bo

PaC - (e)ja
PaH - (e)la
PaP - (ai)na
PaF - (e)ba

FuC - (u)nja
FuH - (u)lai
FuP - (u)njo
FuF - (u)bai

Endings are tacked onto verb roots, vowels in brackets are included only if the verb ends in a consonant.

Nouns:
Nouns can end in either -o or -a, which dictate its grammatical gender. Nouns ending in -os or -as are in plural form.

Articles agree with nouns in gender and number:

Mo(s) - definite (m)
Ma(s) - definite (f)
Wo(s) - indefinite (m)
Wa(s) - indefinite (f)

Grammar:
Word order - SOV
Adjective - noun
Noun - posposition

Lano - man
Apa - apple
Enina - to eat

Example sentence:
"Mo lano wa apa ni eninainjo."
(Def.)(man)(ind.)(apple)(verb mark.)(to eat (future perf.))
The man will have eaten an apple.

Prepositions:
Prepositions are created by using certain verbs as adjectives. (Ie. To sit -> on/at/by)

Oma - tree
San - to sit

Example sentence:
"Ko san wa oma ni sananja."
(I)(by)(ind.)(tree)(verb mark.)(to sit (past cont.))
I was sitting by a tree.

Notice that the first use of "san" is as a preposition instead of a verb, since it does not follow the word order.

Conjunctions:
conjunctions are simply different vowel sounds used ti string together clauses. Each clause follows an individual word order.

A - but
E - and
I - because
O - or
U - so

Kuja - to walk - (as prep -> to)

Example sentence:
"Ko kuja ma oma kujaino, e ko wa apa eninano."
(I)(to)(def.)(tree)(to eat (past perf.))(and)(I)(ind.)(apple)(to eat (past perf.))
I walked to the tree and ate an apple.

True adjectives and other verb rules are still in development, but I hope that this is enough information for some criticism. :p

Thanks!

Re: Proto-Waishu

Posted: 09 Oct 2020 04:07
by eldin raigmore
This looks kinda interesting so far.
Have you taken this any further?

Re: Proto-Waishu

Posted: 09 Oct 2020 14:42
by Omzinesý
What does Verb Marker ni do?