Tulemo

[Omzinesý]

Honestly, I just came up with the metathesis thing, in order to find a way for presopped resonants to be followed by the rising tone.

Oh, OK. But it's a good metathesis thing.

Thank you. Nicely said.

[Khemehekis]

Honestly, I just came up with the metathesis thing, in order to find a way for presopped resonants to be followed by the rising txne.

Oh, OK. But it's a good metathesis thing.

Thank you. Nicely said.

You're welcome.

Also: I recognize in "uhralt" the German words for "clock/hour" and "old". What does it mean?

[brblues]

It's actually uralt without <h>, though it's pronounced the same, and is, as far as I know and wiktionary can be trusted, unrelated to Uhr, the former stemming from a Proto-Germanic root and the latter from Latin hora.

ur- is a common prefix for anything that's old, and e.g. also used to refer to a great-grandparent (Urgroßvater/-mutter/Uropa/Uroma).

[Khemehekis]

It's actually uralt without <h>, though it's pronounced the same, and is, as far as I know and wiktionary can be trusted, unrelated to Uhr, the former stemming from a Proto-Germanic root and the latter from Latin hora.

ur- is a common prefix for anything that's old, and e.g. also used to refer to a great-grandparent (Urgroßvater/-mutter/Uropa/Uroma).

Ur- as in Ursprache or ur-BuzzFeed? I see. FWIU, "Ur" also means aurochs in German.

[Omzinesý]

Honestly, I just came up with the metathesis thing, in order to find a way for presopped resonants to be followed by the rising txne.

Oh, OK. But it's a good metathesis thing.

Thank you. Nicely said.

You're welcome.

Also: I recognize in "uhralt" the German words for "clock/hour" and "old". What does it mean?

Uralt (apparently without h) is the German word for ancient.
There is always the problem that I would like to play with language but English and German as well being L2, there will always be mistakes.

[Omzinesý]

[...]
Phonology
It is very simple so it can be presented as phoneme tables.

Consonant phonemes
p t k ʔ
f θ x h
s
m n
pm tn kŋ
l
tl kʟ

* Prestopped consonants usually only appear in morpho-phonological processes.

<p t k '>
<f θ~þ x h>
<s>
<m n>
<pm tn kn>
<l>
<tl kl>

Vowel phonemes
i u
e o
ä

<i u>
<e o>
<a>

Syllable structure
(C)V

When /o/ or /u/ is followed by a vowel, [w] appears as a hiatus sound.
When /i/ or /e/ is followed by a vowel, [j] appears as a hiatus sound.

My idea is that Tulemo is spoken on an island in the Pacific. It was a colony of Spain, so the orthography is based on Spanish and has some silly conventions, based on sound changes that happened in Spanish.

/k/ is written <c> before non-front vowels and <qu> before front vowels.
/θ/ is written <z> before non-front vowels and <c> before front vowels.
/x/ is written <j>, never with <g> though


Sounds /β/, /ð/, /ɣ/, /ʝ/, /r/, t͡ʃ/ also appear in loan words, but most Tulemo words are either native or adapted to the native sound system.
I have to check how Spanish stress phonetically realizes and does it rather resemble Tulemo accent 1 or accent 2.

[Omzinesý]

Questions

Polar questions (those answered yes or no) are formed by using Interrogative form of Auxiliary, (1).

(1)
θunusò oxinu?
θ-u-nu-so-` oxin-u
ANIM.DO-DIR.INTERROGATIVE-sg2-sg1-O love-V
'Do you love me?'

Interrogative form does not code polarity. If you just want to know the truth value, you negative and positive questions do not differ. If you want to presuppose an answer, you can add particle posara 'true' or hekita 'false' in the end of the clause, (2).

(2)
θunusò oxinu, posara?
θ-u-nu-so-` oxin-u posara
ANIM.DO-DIR.INTERROGATIVE-sg2-sg1-O love-V right
'You love me, don't you?'


Wh-questions are formed by using Interrogative Pronominal enclitics. Auxiliary still has Interrogative form, (3) & (4). Because Interrogative form of Auxiliary does not code polarity, polarity is coded in the enclitics, (3) vs. (4).

(3)
θupmenú oxinu?
θ-u-pme-nu-so-` oxin-u
ANIM.DO-DIR.INTERROGATIVE-who.POSITIVE-sg2-S love-V
'Whom do you love?'

(4)
θupmonú oxinu?
θ-u-pmo-nu-so-` oxin-u
ANIM.DO-DIR.INTERROGATIVE-who.NEGATIVE-sg2-S love-V
'Whom don't you love?'

To ask rhetoric questions, Fact epistemic Interrogative form -ota- of Auxiliary is used, (5).

(5)
'axatopmenisó sapu.
'a-x-ato-pme-niso-´ sap-u
then-IANIM_DO-FACT.INTERR-POSS.Q-PL1_INCL-S do-V
'What are we going to do next.'


" 'axatopmenisó" is a nice word.

[Omzinesý]

Demonstratives are formed with preposition tiltu 'near'.

Prepositions and verbs have -e form used as an attribute.

hema tilte 'that tree'

It can be specified with pronominal clitics:
hema tilteso 'this tree (near the speaker)'
hema tilteno 'that tree (near the addressee)'
hema tilteniso 'this tree (near us)'

I heard somewhere that using personal pronouns in demonstratives is not very common or "natural". I don't know. It sounds a fun idea anyways.

[Omzinesý]

Reflexives and reciprocals are just intransitives.

θanisò ujinu.
θ-a-nino-` ujin-u
ANIM.O-DIR-PL1-PAT love-V
'We love him/her.'

Taniso ujinu.
t-a-nino ujin-u
ANIM.S-DIR-PL1 love-V
'We love each other.'

Some verbs have of course other meanings as intransitives.