The phonemic inventory is:
/p t c k q/<p t c k q>
/h/<s/h>
/m n ɲ ŋ/<m n ñ ng>
/l ɹ ʎ j/<l r ll y>
/i e a o u/
Note that all the coronals are dental.
The syllable structure is a fairly simple (C)(L)V(h), where L is /l ʎ j/. Sequences of LL are also prohibited. Hiatus is not common; most syllables have an initial consonant.
Allophony is fairly complicated:
-/h/ surfaces as a laminal alveolar fricative before /i e l ɹ ʎ j/.
-/k ŋ/ assimilate to palatals before /ʎ j/
-When word final or in stressed syllables, except before /h/, vowels are lengthened.
-Before stressed syllables, the vowels /i u/ are reduced to [ɪ ʊ].
Nouns, Pronouns, and the Noun phrase
Monosyllabic words can be pluralized by reduplication:
ña --> ñaña
farmer --> farmer-PL
Polysyllabic words are pluralized by reduplicating the first syllable.
qumila --> ququmila.
priestess --> priestess-PL
Only words which refer to humans can be pluralized.
There is case marking in this language, which is done with prefixes.
0-: Nominative
ya-/ye-: Accusative
plla-/plle-: Dative
no-: Ablative
sya-/sye-: Vocative/Prepositional
qu-: Comitative
The alternation in the accusative, dative, and vocative is conditioned by the quality of the vowel of the first syllable of the root--if it is /i/ or /e/, the form of the prefix emerges as [e].
The uses above are fairly straigtforward.
Prepositions also influence the cases a fair amount as well so I'll talk about them here. There are three prepositions in this language:
ka(h): "on, in, general locative"
qoto: "with (both instrumental and comitative)"
mi(h): "via, through"
The above <h> surfaces when the subsequent word begins with a vowel (rare) or approximant.
In combination with cases, these create more specific meanings, as well as govern for specific cases, usually the vocative [1].
ka(h) + VOC-: Generic locative
ka(h) + DAT-: Motion towards, lative
ka(h) + ABL-: Motion away
qoto + ACC-: Instrumental
qoto + COM-: Comitative
mi(h) + VOC-: via, through
Other, more specific meanings are created by relational nouns.
The noun phrase in this language is a pretty generic head-final order: Noun-Adjective-Numeral-Demonstrative. None of these are marked for any sort of agreement or morphology.
Pronouns in this language are pretty simple.
ñlle--1p.SG
yeñi--1p.PL
pa--2p.SG
papa--2p.PL
haya--3p.SG
esya--3p.PL
ku--4p.SG
kuku--4p.PL
The case marking on these pronouns is fairly regular, barring the semi-irregular 1st person singular.
Spoiler:
(noku) samle noña
(ABL-4p.SG) cow ABL-farmer
Some nouns cannot be possessed, such as natural features or heavenly bodies.
[1] It is believed that in earlier forms of the language this was the accusative but was reanalyzed; older */kah=ya-/ [kas=ya] to modern /ka=sya/.