Classical Ȟanese/Proto-Kanic
Posted: 03 Nov 2020 22:54
This is the language of The Kan Kingdom (Native name Ȟàn) which was influencial on the Nihon-Suomi Kingdom, which became one of the dominant groups of the Fuhe-Suomi. It also gave rise to the Kanic languages, minority languages in northeastern Fuhe.
Phonology:
Top
/p pʰ b t tʰ d t͡s t͡sʰ d͡z t͡ʃ t͡ʃʰ d͡ʒ c͡ç c͡çʰ k kʰ kʷ kʷʰ/ <p ph b t th d c ch x č čh j q qh k kh kw kwh>
/m n ɲ ŋ/ <m n nh ng>
/ɸ θ s ʃ ç x xʷ h/ <f z s š ś ȟ ȟw h>
/l ʎ/ <l ĺ>
/w ɹ j/<w r y>
/ i ɨ ʉ u e o ɛ ɔ a/ <i ï ü u e o ɛ ɔ>
/ei oi əi ɛi ɔi ai/ <ei oi äi ɛi ɔi ai>
/eɨ oɨ ɛɨ ɔɨ aɨ/ <eï oï ɛï ɔï aï>
/eʉ oʉ əʉ ɛʉ ɔʉ aʉ/ <eü oü äü ɛü ɔü aü>
/eu ou əu ɛu ɔu au/ <eu ou äu ɛu ɔu au>
/iɐ uɐ eɐ oɐ / <ia ua ea oa>
˥ ˧ ˩ <V́ V V̀>
(C)(l/w/ɹ/j)V(p/t/k/m/n/ɲ/ŋ/ɹ/l)
The noun phrase:
Nouns may be optionally reduplicated for plural.
There are two types of noun phrases: Topic and non-topic. Topic phrases begin an utterance (T-phrase), and are not necceraly subjects, but if they are not subjects there is a marking, that will be discussed when I post the syntax of whole T-phrases.
First, the basic structure of a non-topic NPs (I will leave off numbers for this post):
(DEIC POSSESOR-POSSESPART ADJ NOUN)
The Deictics are Zɛ̀ (prox.) and Śɔïm (dist)
The Possesive Particle is Ša̋il
Thus:
Zɛ̀ nhwɔ́ang šäil ĺük xyán
this king POSS yellow stone
"This yellow stone of the king"
The topic phrase takes the topic connector bá after it if it has an adj or possessor. The adj or possesor comes after bá, and if there is both, bá occurs before both:
Zɛ̀ xyán bá ĺük bá nhwɔ́ang šäil
"This yellow stone of the king"
Phonology:
Top
/p pʰ b t tʰ d t͡s t͡sʰ d͡z t͡ʃ t͡ʃʰ d͡ʒ c͡ç c͡çʰ k kʰ kʷ kʷʰ/ <p ph b t th d c ch x č čh j q qh k kh kw kwh>
/m n ɲ ŋ/ <m n nh ng>
/ɸ θ s ʃ ç x xʷ h/ <f z s š ś ȟ ȟw h>
/l ʎ/ <l ĺ>
/w ɹ j/<w r y>
/ i ɨ ʉ u e o ɛ ɔ a/ <i ï ü u e o ɛ ɔ>
/ei oi əi ɛi ɔi ai/ <ei oi äi ɛi ɔi ai>
/eɨ oɨ ɛɨ ɔɨ aɨ/ <eï oï ɛï ɔï aï>
/eʉ oʉ əʉ ɛʉ ɔʉ aʉ/ <eü oü äü ɛü ɔü aü>
/eu ou əu ɛu ɔu au/ <eu ou äu ɛu ɔu au>
/iɐ uɐ eɐ oɐ / <ia ua ea oa>
˥ ˧ ˩ <V́ V V̀>
(C)(l/w/ɹ/j)V(p/t/k/m/n/ɲ/ŋ/ɹ/l)
The noun phrase:
Nouns may be optionally reduplicated for plural.
There are two types of noun phrases: Topic and non-topic. Topic phrases begin an utterance (T-phrase), and are not necceraly subjects, but if they are not subjects there is a marking, that will be discussed when I post the syntax of whole T-phrases.
First, the basic structure of a non-topic NPs (I will leave off numbers for this post):
(DEIC POSSESOR-POSSESPART ADJ NOUN)
The Deictics are Zɛ̀ (prox.) and Śɔïm (dist)
The Possesive Particle is Ša̋il
Thus:
Zɛ̀ nhwɔ́ang šäil ĺük xyán
this king POSS yellow stone
"This yellow stone of the king"
The topic phrase takes the topic connector bá after it if it has an adj or possessor. The adj or possesor comes after bá, and if there is both, bá occurs before both:
Zɛ̀ xyán bá ĺük bá nhwɔ́ang šäil
"This yellow stone of the king"