Lexember 2021

[Lorik]

Lexember 11th - Lohdan
phelâritur [fœ'lɑ:ɾituɾ] Noun
Bathroom
Etymology: phelârir "to take a bath" + -tur "place", meaning literally "bathing place".
Example:
Na-palîninî an phelâritur hogad.
[nɑ pɑli:ni'ni: ɑ̃: fœ'lɑ:ɾituɾ 'Rogɑd]
1SG-clean.SG.FUT DEF.SG bathroom today
I'm going to clean the bathroom today.

honîrar [Ro'ni:ɾɑɾ] Transitive verb
To store something, to put something away
Example:
Honîrâ rád drun hâ-dar, nalini.
[Ro'ni:ɾɑ: ɾɑ:d dɾũ: Rɑ: dɑɾ nɑ'lini]
store-SG.IMP DET.PROX book 1SG-for please
Could you please put this book away for me?

honîratur [Ro'ni:ɾɑtuɾ] Noun
Storage room
Etymology: honîrar "to store" + -tur "place", meaning literally "storage place".
Example:
Van honîratur sîlâ rassad kastunin.
[vɑ̃: Ro'ni:ɾɑtuɾ 'si:lɑ: 'ɾɑsɑd kɑstu'nĩ:]
1PL.POSS.SG storage.room be-SG.PRS full junk-PL
Our storage room is full of junk.

[zyma]

Day 11

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Hannaito (Entry 11):

naasau /naasau/ [ˈnaː.sau̯] (transitive)
Verb:
1. to tie, to knot
2. to knit
3. to attach, to affix, to fasten, to connect, to link, to join
4. to associate, to assign
5. to secure, to bind, to tether, to anchor, to moor
6. to bandage, to dress (a wound)
7. to hire, to employ
8. to ally with, to do business with
9. to ensure, to guarantee, to assure
10. to capture, to apprehend, to arrest
11. to entrap, to ensnare, to wrap
12. to achieve, to obtain (especially against the odds)
13. to seduce, to sleep with

Etymology
From Proto-Hannaito *nersaw "to tie, to bind, to ensnare".

paina /paina/ [ˈpai̯.na] (transitive)
Verb:
1. to cut off, to cut through, to sever, to slice through, to hack, to slash 
2. to divide, to separate, to part, to partition 
3. to trim, to prune, to shear, to mow, to shorten, to nip, to clip
4. to intersect, to cross 
5. to apportion, to distribute, to allocate
6. to remove, to reduce, to subtract 
7. to fell, to chop down
8. to edit, to abridge, to redact, to censor 
9. to dilute, to adulterate 
10. to ignore, to reject, to cut ties with, to banish
11. to stop, to cease, to halt (an action)
12. to challenge, to dispute, to argue against, to invalidate, to disprove 
13. to fire, to terminate, to dismiss, to lay off, to let go

Etymology
From Proto-Hannaito *payno "to cut, to chop, to slice".

yüssa /jʉʔsa/ [ˈjɨᵝs.sa] (transitive)
Verb:
1. to incise, to cut into, to slice into
2. to stab, to pierce
3. to slit, to cut open
4. to wound, to hurt, to injure (with a blade)
5. to perform surgery, to operate on
6. to carve, to engrave, to inscribe, to write (especially on stone or wood)
7. to insult, to offend, to harass, to annoy

Etymology
From Proto-Hannaito *yûsca "to strike, to wound, to stab".

[KaiTheHomoSapien]

11th

thalp - hammer, mallet

This is a neuter thematic noun. Neuter thematics have lost their *-(thematic vowel)(nasal) nominative singular ending and exhibit the bare stem just like any other neuter.

I like to think this word is of onomatopoeic origin. It has no parallels in Lihmelinyan or Arculese.

[Jackk]

11m Lexembr
kevlar /keˈvlar/ [kɪˈvlɑː]
- robbery, burglary, theft, the act of acquiring property illegally;
- heist, an instance of robbery, especially from an institution such as a bank, museum or other secure stronghold;
- (by extension) scheme, plot, a complex plan to conduct a likely-illegal activity;
- (archaic cant or modern humorous, non-finite forms only) to rob, burgle, thieve, to undertake a heist

Also romanç kevlar | heist story, tale in which a heist is central to the plot, especially considered as a subgenre of masquira novels and films

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Etymology: disputed. The noun first definite attestation in writing is in the 1793 work An Enumeration of Thieves' Cant (originally in Boral as Enombr a Vanagl Saccacer), describing the slang of the Damvath underworld. Originally referring to any robbery, the narrower sense has been strengthened by its association to fiction; the twentieth century saw kevlar borrowed into many languages to refer to the genre of stories—see English kevler romance, for example.

Possible antedatings to Pentrose/Axbane slang have led some to conjecture a connection to a Welsh *cafelat "act of obtaining", although the phonetic implausibility (the Welsh would have penultimate stress) and the utter lack of outside evidence for this derivative of verb cafel "to get, be given" tally against it. Furthermore, if the intriguing reference to vol quȝralle "quiral (?) theft" in a fourteenth-century record of Jeluðrou court proceedings is an ancestor, the period (before substantial Welsh immigration to the cities of southern Borland) and the location (a minor northern town) rule this theory out definitively.

Unfortunately, the other options are just as easily discarded. Backslang—the practice of generating slang by saying words backwards—from a Germanic cognate of "robbing" (most often suggested is Frisian raovig, but even this is tenuous) is a popular but ultimately unworkable theory. Saxon cüble "luggage, baggage" or the derivation cübler "footman, male servant, especially one tasked with carrying possessions around" also do not quite harmonise with the timeline and the semantics.

Loy paregl ny cour es ajoutað de bon romanç kevlar.
/lɔj paˈrijl ni kur ɛz ˌa.ʒuˈtaθ de bɔn roˈmants keˈvlar/
[lɔj pɐˈʀi.jʊ ni ˈkʊː‿ʀɪz ˌa.ʒʊˈtah dɪ ˈbɔn ʀʊˈmans kɪˈvlɑː]
place same in=def heart be.3s gratify-ptcp.pst from good story heist
The same part of the heart delights in a good heist story.

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paragraphs excerpted in translation from the Borland vicine mesh [1] distributed library page for masquira romance, as it stood in February 2021 N. Much of it is lifted from books out of withholding, such as fi Javeria's Literary Developments of the Nineteenth Century and Mulcrive's Epics by Steeplepost: the Birth of Masquira in British Mendeva.

…familiar with the quintessentially Albick folk tales of the farmer duke and his masked band.

Although these earlier examples illustrate the timelessness of some of masquira's central tropes (most vitally the eponyous masks!), we do not see the emergence of a distinct genre until the nineteenth century, with the publication in 1860 Portugal of Ezio Carvallo's trevold Tejan de Masquira ou Jalico (released in Boral as Cuscon Reðr Cognit [2], translated by Anscon Polgat). It was Carvallo's works—this first book being only the first in a dozen-strong series—which introduced many of the essential properties of a masquira tale, and first presented them together as a coherent whole.

For example, Jalico almost singlehandedly creates the conceit of the kevler [heist] in which our protagonist must obtain a valuable item by means of a complicated scheme involving trickery and deception; note that the word itself would not be applied to the trope for some time, as it is of Borlish origin. Often an item of jewellery, masquira is often said to run parallel to the older Cathayan tradition of tapsue (magpie) tales. We can also connect the two traditions by their adoption by tovarick…

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[1] A portion of the global mesh [Internet], usually qualified with a geographical term.
[2] And for example in Kentish as We Arive in Unwemmed [immaculate] Clothes.

[kiwikami]

 
Been traveling, have to catch up a bit! Have some nouns.

Alál: Day 7
XMIhraḶ3
 AGT xmıhraíḷ [xmɛç'ritɬ]
 OBL xmıhraàıḷ [xmɛç'rɑjtɬ]
 PAT xmıhraùıḷ [xmɛç'rojtɬ]
 COM xımìhraḷ [xɛ'meçrətɬ]
fridge magnet
- Declension class I3 | Handling class ta
- From √XMIḶ 'magnet', -hra- 'attached on a vertical surface'

Day 8
ẒARUṬ2
 AGT ẓarıuṭ ['tʃɐrɪf]
 OBL ẓaruṭ ['tʃɐrʉ̞ʔ]
 PAT ẓaràuṭ [tʃɐ'rɑf]
 COM ẓaruṭ ['tʃɐrʉ̞ʔ
paper shredder, entry-level job, starting position
- Declension class NA2 | Handling class ru
- From √ẒAṬ 'shred, rip, tear', -ru- 'machine'

Day 9
LAK3
 AGT líka [ɬig]
 OBL làk [ə'ɬɑq]
 PAT alùka [ə'ɬog]
 COM làk [ə'ɬɑq]
lens (of camera or telescope)
- Declension class A3 | Handling class zu/ta
- From √LAK 'eye, sight, to see, to watch'

Day 10
SIkáL2
 AGT sıkáıl [s̪ɛ'kajl]
 OBL sıkáalı [s̪ɛ'kaɮɪ]
 PAT sıkáıúl [s̪ɛ'kajul]
 COM sıkál [s̪ɛ'kal]
curtain cord, pull cord for a bell or mechanical device
- Declension class A2 | Handling class ta/la
- From √SIL 'comment, note, aside, extra thing, to trail behind or tag along'

Day 11
ṬITAẒ3
 AGT tìtaıẓ [ɪ't̪ed̪əjtʃ]
 OBL tìtaẓ [ɪ't̪ed̪ətʃ]
 PAT tìtàẓ [ɪ't̪et̪ɑtʃ]
 COM tìtaẓ [ɪ't̪ed̪ətʃ]
pincushion
- Declension class NI3 | Handling class ta
- From √ṬIẒ 'sea urchin', -ta- 'tool, handheld device'

[Khemehekis]

Shaleyan

DAY 6

khumidimaley: basement, cellar
khumid (below, under) + maley, room

Dasheph umas al ba zesada ba khumidimaley ñad oleñal mopi balakh.
Jeff live_in 3s.ANIM of parents of basement and all_day play video_game
Jeff lives in his parents' basement and plays video games all day.

BONUS WORD: oleñal: all day, all day long (ole, day + ñal, throughout)

DAY 7

hezan: adze

Amana an ñol pay yeph key an kopi hoshuph hezan.
hundred in year for this island on people make adze
The people on this island have been making adzes for hundreds of years.

BONUS: How to say "dozens/hundreds/thousands/millions/billions of". To make a number range (dozens, hundreds, thousands, millions, etc.), take the number word followed by the postposition an (in the hundreds, by the hundreds, etc.) The noun in question can follow it:

Huñel zel amana an zon humal.
park around hundred in zon fly
Hundreds of zons flew around the park.

(Zon = ornithologue class of animals on Shaleya)

DAY 8

khihash: axe

Shazayenadeb pel khihash ye dabiya.
barbarian_tribe wield axe and spear
The barbarians wielded axes and spears.

BONUS WORDS: shazayenadeb: barbarian trbe; the barbarians (shazay, (T) to plunder, to pillage, to loot + nadeb, tribe, people)
shazayewashed: barbarian (shazay + washed, tribeswoman, tribesman)

DAY 9

suho: bolt (with nut)

Suho ye wodu deñey ab uñoy Ashaya.
bolt and nut like 1s go_together_with Ashaya
Ashaya and I go together like nuts and bolts.

BONUS: Now wodu (ring, torus) can also mean "nut" -- the type you put a bolt into.

DAY 10

huzid: wedge

Neseph doñu edesh huzid hel.
simple machine among wedge COP
The wedge is one of the simple machines.

BONUS WORD: edesh: one of; some of; among

DAY 11

yashiz: singer

Aliyana Kalanade hel masoy Delob phune ba yashiz.
Ariana Grande COP famous Terran pop of singer
Ariana Grande is a famous Terran pop singer.

BONUS WORD: buduz: musician

[Mándinrùh]

Atili: zi-zi zu-zu /ˈʒi.ʒi | ʒu.ʒu/ - Jack-of-all-trades. (etym. zi "person," reduplicated + zu "thing," reduplicated). Reduplication in Atili can be used for several purposes, including a full-word reduplication, which indicates the meaning "hear and there, around" or "of varying types." So this can be loosely translated as "a person who goes about for various things."

[Khemehekis]

LCV categories for Week 3:

Verbs of Movement (Part IV)

Spoiler:

to go (on foot)*
to go (by transport)
to go (this train ~es to Rome)
to move (to a position: of a person, branch, hand)
to move (be in motion: of an army, vehicle)
to come (towards speaker)
to come (towards listener)
to come (towards third party)*
to arrive (by sea)
to arrive (by foot)
to arrive (by land vehicle)
to arrive (by air)
to enter
to leave (go away)
to leave (go outside)
to enter (a country)
to leave (a country)
to leave (by sea)
to leave (by land transport)
to leave (by air transportation)
to get into (~ the car)
to get out of (~ the car)
to return (go back)
to return (come back)
to return (to one’s homeland)
to return (to one’s hometown)
to turn (change direction)*
to turn around
to stay (remain in a place)
to take (~ him to the doctor – on foot)
to take (~ him to the doctor – by vehicle)
to escape
to go up, to ascend
to go up, to rise (of a balloon)
to rise (of smoke)
to go down, to descend
to back up (reverse, in car)
to cross (path, bridge)
to cross (body of water)
to desert, to abandon (a place)
to flee, to run away
to flee (seek safety)
to settle
to travel (of a person)
to travel (of a vehicle)
to travel (of light, sound, messages, etc.)
to reach, to get to
to hitchhike
to wander (walk aimlessly)
to stay (at a hotel)
to stay (at a friend’s house)
to stay (with . . .)
to start, to begin (a journey)
to end (a journey)
to end up (in a place)
to pass (~ a person by)
to pass (destination)
to pass (of a vehicle)
to pass through
to pass through (on foot)
to pass through (on bicycle)
to park
to visit (person)
to visit (a sick person)
to visit (place)
to come over (to someone’s home)
to come over (to another place)
to see, to visit (a doctor, lawyer)
to see (a patient, client)
to see (your girlfriend/boyfriend, etc.)
to approach
to avoid (stay away from)
to chase
to chase (a criminal)
to hurry, to rush (go to a destination with no time to lose)
to slow down (when walking, running)
to slow down (in car, of train)
to spread (of a fire)
to bounce
to climb (a tree)*
to climb (a mountain, hill)*
to climb (a rope)
to climb (a ladder)
to climb (a wall or building)
to climb (a human leg or animal)
to crawl
to crawl (of a baby)
to crawl (of an animal)
to cruise (in car)
to cruise (in airplane)
to cruise (in wheelchair)
to dance*
to dive (from diving board)
to dive (as a deep-sea diver)
to drive (operate a motor vehicle)
to drive (go by motor vehicle)
to drive (carry by motor vehicle: ~ me to the hotel)
to float (in the air)
to fly*
to fly (travel in an airplane/spacecraft)
to fly (the airplane/spacecraft flew)
to hike
to hop (of a person)
to hop (of an animal)
to jump, to leap
to jump (it made me ~)
to march, to stride
to march (of soldiers)
to prance (of a dancer)
to prance (of a horse)
to race (of people)
to race (of horses, dogs)
to race (of vehicles)
to ride (as a passenger)
to ride (a bicycle or motorcycle)
to ride (a horse or camel)
to roll (of a ball)
to roll (of a wheel)
to roll (of a stone)
to row
to run (move quickly on feet)*
to run (in a race)
to run (move quickly, as in a vehicle: I have to ~ to the store)
to sail (a ship, at helm)
to sail (a smaller boat, at helm)
to sail (on a ship, as passenger)
to sail (on a smaller boat, as passenger)
to sail (the ship ~ed)
to skate (on roller-skates)
to skate (on ice skates)
to skateboard
to ski
to sneak
to sneak in(to)
to sneak out (of)
to spin (turn)
to steer (a motor vehicle)
to step (~ forward)
to step (~ on the grass)
to stumble, to stagger
to surf
to swim*
to swing (~ one’s arm)
to swing (~ing in the wind)
to take a walk
to turn (of a wheel)
to walk*
to walk (as opposed to taking a vehicle)
to walk (for exercise or pleasure)
to water-ski
to check in (at hotel)
to check out (at hotel)
to stop
to start (of engine/car)
to run (of engine/car)
to be stuck (be immovable: the door is stuck)
to be stuck (be trapped, of a thing: the ring is stuck on my finger)
to be stuck (be trapped, of a person: Paul got stuck in the bathtub)
to be stuck (Alice was stuck in traffic)

Entertainment (Part IV)

Spoiler:

entertainment
recreation
fun
game
game (children’s)
sport
game (session of playing a board game, darts, etc.)
game (session of playing a sport)
league
to play (a game)*
to play (have a sports competition against: the Jaguars ~ the Patriots tomorrow)
to play (children’s play)
to play (pretend to be: ~ cowboys, ~ doctor)
pass (of a ball)
pass (for a goal)
to pass (in sports)
to eliminate (a candidate, a competitor)
to advance (Carly ~ed to Round Three)
to win (intransitive)
to lose (intransitive)
to win (a game)
to lose (a game)
to win (money)
to win (a prize)
to compete (in a race)
championship (title)
draft (for sports)
to throw, to pitch (a ball)
to hit (a ball)
to kick (a ball)
to tackle (in soccer)
to tackle (in American football)
to tackle (in rugby)
to have fun
to coach (in sports)
to coach (in singing, acting)
to go (~ dancing)
to enter (a contest)
to support (a sports team)
hobby
collection (of stamps, paintings)
puzzle (mental game)
puzzle, jigsaw puzzle
to gamble
score (at game)
to score (at sport)
round (fifth ~)
turn (my ~)
to challenge (a competitor)
move (dance ~)
move (in chess)
act (of play)
scene (of play)
scene (of movie)
to direct (movie)
to direct (play)
to photograph
to take (a picture)
to host (a TV/radio show)
trick (with cards, etc.)
trick, practical joke
to release (book)
ball (hard, as for golf)
ball (soft, as for basketball or soccer)
skateboard
balloon
model (airplane, etc.)
toy
doll
paint (to do artwork)
torch
competition (the second day of ~)
movie, film
production
show, program (TV)
episode
cast (actors)
cast (list of actors)
debut
debut (first performance)
to launch (a show)
release (new movie)
release (new album)
release (new book)
release (of new movie/album/book)
to release (music)
to release (movie)
to listen to (music)
to watch, to see (TV, movie, play)
to watch (game)
exciting (of a movie, TV show, book)
to feature, to star
to target (of advertising)
to be aimed at (a demographic)
to dedicate (book, song)
to nominate (for an award)
narrative
comedy
tragedy
to hang out (with one’s friends)
to hang out (at the mall)

More Entertainment (Part V)

Spoiler:

to entertain (amuse)
board game
chess
archery
baseball
basketball
bowling
boxing
football (American)
golf
gymnastics
hockey
lacrosse
rugby
soccer
swimming
tennis
volleyball
wrestling
Olympics
BMX
to row (as a sport)
to jog
to train (Tom ~s to be a great basketball player)
to train (~ Chloe to be a great soccer player)
promotion (of athlete)
karate
aerobics
yoga
hike
dart
target
arrow (for archery)
blindfold
inline skates
skate (roller-skate)
skate (ice skate)
snowboard
surfboard
ski
scuba
kite
trampoline
romance (book)
dice
construction paper
puppet (glove)
puppet (sock)
puppet (marionette)
action figure
karaoke
fireworks (firecrackers)
fireworks (a fireworks display)
sightseeing
to see (when sightseeing)
gardening (flowers)
gardening (vegetables)
lottery
ticket (for lottery)
to win (lottery)
prize (in a lottery)
entry (in contest)
to host (a party)
to host (another event)
lead (Jamila has the ~ in the race)
lead (Greg has a ~ of 3 ft.)
trophy
action (~ and adventure)
anime
cartoon (animated)
documentary
drama
fantasy
historical
horror
mystery
reality show
romance (movie)
science fiction
soap opera
talent show
talk show
plot (of a story)
setting
heroine (of book, comic book)
hero (of book, comic book)
villain (of book, comic book)
heroine (of play)
hero (of play)
villain (of play)
heroine (of movie)
hero (of movie)
villain (of movie)
audition (for movie actor)
audition (for theatrical actor)
audition (for singer)
audition (for dancer)
audition (for instrumentalist)
to audition (movie actor)
to audition (theatrical actor)
to audition (singer)
to audition (dancer)
to audition (instrumentalist)
competitive (sport)

Verbs of Physical Contact (Part IV)

Spoiler:

to knock (at a door)
to pull*
to push*
to shove
to push, to press
to shake
to shake (a bottle)
to blow (in the wind)
to move (one’s car)
to move (a piece of furniture)
to pick (a flower or fruit)
to pick (pluck: a feather, a hair, a pimple)
to block (road/path)
to reach (extend body far enough to touch)
to touch*
to touch (abut: I don’t like the spinach ~ing the rice on my plate)
to pick (one’s nose or navel)
to pat
to clear (from people)
to clear (from plants)
to clear (from obstacles)
to clear (from clutter)
to clear (~ a rain-forest)
to move (fingers, toes)
to rub
to rub (with cream or oil)
to scrape (side of car)
to scrape (vegetables)
to scrape (dirt)
to scrape (hard surface)
to tie X to Y
to bind
to bind (a book)
to beat, to pound
to play (guitar, piano)
to play (recorder, trumpet)
to play (drums)
to blow (breathe out)*
to blow out (candles, flame)
to squeeze (a fruit)
to squeeze (toothpaste)
to squeeze (a sponge)
to squeeze (somebody’s hand)
to pump (water)
to pump (air)
to pump (blood)
to strike (of lightning)
to stick, to adhere
to cling (hold to tightly)
to cling (of lint, etc.)
to miss (not hit)
to hit (reach one’s target)
to hit (the car ~ a child)
to hit (John ~ his head on the car door)
to slam (a door)
to slam (~ onto the brakes)
to slam (~med into Joey’s car)
to turn off (electronic object)
to turn on (electronic object)
to turn off (engine)
to turn on (engine)
to turn off (faucet)
to turn on (faucet)
to turn down
to turn up
to turn down (music)
to turn up (music)
to operate (perform surgery)
to leave alone
to bother, to disturb (not leave alone)

Handling Matter (Part IV)

Spoiler:

to get (fetch: I got it from the cupboard)
to throw, to toss*
to throw X at Y
to open
to close, to shut
to open (a book/newspaper)
to close, to shut (a book/newspaper)
to open (an umbrella)
to close (an umbrella)
to lock
to lock (bicycle, skateboard)
to cover (to protect, conceal)
to cover (to lie on)
to cover (with chocolate)
to cover (with mud)
to cover (put a lid on)
to pass (along)
to pass (please ~ the spaghetti)
to arrange
to arrange (furniture)
to arrange (flowers)
to arrange (line up)
to put, to place
to lay down, to put down
to set, to put down
to stand (~ it on the counter)
to lay (spread out, as a blanket)
to put [X on top of Y]
to put [X into Y]
to put (apply, as a stamp onto an envelope)
to pop (Alan ~ped a sandwich into his mouth)
to leave (~ it at the door)
to leave, to forget (I left/forgot my keys in the house)
to abandon, to leave behind
to abandon (a car)
to turn over, to flip (a rock, etc.)
to flip, to toss (a coin)
to flip (pancake, hamburger)
to knock over
to distribute, to hand out
to scatter (seeds)
to hold
to grip
to grab (someone’s arm/hand)
to grab (bag, keys)
to pick up
to pick up (the telephone)
to carry
to carry in hand
to carry in the arms (as a baby)
to carry on the shoulder
to carry on the head
to carry under the arm
to carry on the back
to carry (gun, money)
to carry, to transport
to hand
to drag, to pull
to lift
to drop (deliberately)
to drop (accidentally)
to boost (lift)
to handle
to dump (offload)
to dump (~ed the garbage)
to hang (one’s coat up, etc.)
to remove (a bandage)
to remove (a stain)
to throw away
to recycle
to put away (into storage)
to get rid of
to load (a car or truck)
to pour (tea or coffee)
to pour (another liquid)
to pour (grainy substance, such as sugar)
to spill (let flow out, liquid)
to spill (let flow out, grainy substance)
to fill
to empty (one’s pockets)
to empty (a glass, bottle, etc.)
to empty (a glass, bottle, etc., by drinking)
to break (an egg)
to break (toy)
to break (glass, plate)*
to break (window)
to break (stick)
to break (string, rope, net)
to snap (break, transitive)
to snap (break cleanly)
to snap (break noisily)
to cut (with knife)*
to cut (with scissors)
to cut (~ Julie a slice of cake)
to cut off, to sever (with scissors)
to cut off, to sever (with knife or other strong blade)
to shatter
to slit
to split (wood)
to split (fabric)
to split (a pill)
to tear, to rip
to tear off
to tear out
to peel (a fruit, potato)
to puncture (tire, ball)
to puncture (lung)
to puncture (blister)
to carve (wood)
to carve (stone)
to squash, to crush (fruit)
to squash, to crush (insect)
to squash, to crush (hat)
to squash, to crush (box)
to smash, to crush
to grind, to crush
to grind (meat)
to chop down
to fold (paper)
to fold (cloth)
to fold (blanket)
to fold (chair)
to bend (wire, spoon)
to wrap (a package)
to wrap (candy)
to strain (fruit, vegetables, pasta)
to strain (liquid)
to connect (the bridge ~s the two towns)
to connect (~ the printer to the computer)
to connect (of train stations)
to fix, to repair
to secure (door, window)
to secure (ladder)
to spread (butter or jam)
to spread (map, tablecloth)
to point (Mike ~ed a gun at Josh)
to dig*
to dig (archaeologically, for gold/treasure)
to drill (for oil)
to skin
to turn (~ the key)
to twist (rope)
to weave (a basket)
to braid
to string (a necklace)
to adjust (glasses, sunglasses)
to adjust (clothing)

Also, the prepositions of motion from the Prepositions/Postpositions/Cases section in Part II:

Spoiler:

through (go ~ the window/door)
through (tunnel)
through (house)
through (park)
through (among: clouds, air)
through (look ~ the window)
through (the rumor spread ~ town)
up
down
from (I took it ~ Vanessa)
from (a present ~ Julie)
away from, from (five miles ~ from my home)
away from (stay ~ the lion’s cage)
off (take a book ~ the bookshelf)
from (I come ~ Germany)
from (music ~ the seventies)
from (released ~ prison)
to, towards
to (go ~ school/the movies)
to (person: ~ Sharon’s, ~ my parents’)
from (flight ~ Paris)
to (destination: flight ~ Tokyo)
to (an island)
to (planet: a trip ~ Mars)
to (invited Mark ~ dinner)
at (smiling ~ me)
at (towards: Jason threw his hat ~ me)
from, out of (drink ~ a glass)
into (walk ~ a store)
into (put it ~ your purse)
into (Danielle looked ~ the mirror)
out of, out (ran ~ the door)
over
under
over (trip ~ some glass)
onto (the parrot flew ~ Jim’s shoulder)
onto (post ~ the wall/door)
onto (get ~ the bus)
off (the handle fell ~ the cup)
into (crash ~)
all over (spilt ~ Mary’s dress)
all over (action: Julie traveled ~ the world)
along
around, round (in a movement encircling)
across, over (movement)
around, round (to every part of)
past, by (I walk ~ it going home from school)

[Lorik]

Lexember 12th - Lohdan
povârir [po'vɑ:ɾiɾ]
1 To rein-back (i.e. to make the horse you're riding go backwards)
2 To walk backwards
Eytmology: pot [pot] "back, backside" + vârir ['vɑ:ɾiɾ] "to walk", literally meaning "back-walk".
Example:
Na-hurdârâ va loho povârir-duc.
[nɑ Ruɾ'dɑ:ɾɑ: vɑ 'loRo po'vɑ:ɾiɾ duk]
1SG-teach-SG.PRS 1SG.POSS.SG horse rein.back-INF to
I'm teaching my horse to rein-back.

vurâdar [vu'ɾɑ:dɑɾ]
1 To leg-yield (i.e. to make the horse you're riding go sideways)
2 To walk sideways
Etymology: vura ['vuɾɑ] "lateral" + pâdar ['pɑ:dɑɾ] "to go", literally meaning "lateral-go".
Example:
- Vi loho vâssô vurâdar?
- Ùn, ku-sîlô saríd pudav ráv-dar.
[vi 'loRo 'vɑ:so: vu'ɾɑ:dɑɾ]
[ũ: ku 'si:lo: sɑ'ɾi:d 'pudɑv ɾɑ:v dɑɾ]
2SG.POSS.SG horse know-SG.AOR leg.yield-INF
no 3SG-be-SG.AOR young too DET.DIST for
- Does your horse know how to leg-yield?
- No, it's too young for that.

phûlar ['fu:lɑɾ]
To jump
Example:
An lina adava ravalhu phûlâ onari olun-duc.
[ɑ̃: 'linɑ ɑ'dɑvɑ ɾɑ'vɑʎu 'fu:lɑ: o'nɑɾi o'lũ: duk]
DEF.SG quick brown fox jump-SG.PRS lazy wolf-over
The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.

The Lohtûrin have not domesticated dogs because wolves are considered a symbol of evil in their religion. While there are domestic dogs elsewhere in Tûdav (the continent where the Lohtûrin live), the Lohtûrin make no distinction between dogs and wolves, and they don't understand how someone could keep a wolf in their house.

[Iyionaku]

Lexember 12 - Yélian

ocasta [ɔ̈ˈkastɐ] - to be stuck, to be trapped
Etymology: continuative prefix oc- + asta "to stay, prevail, be held up, to skip (work)"

Sa vutret, sa yianarytepas pun bridauntas? Carat zifaucasten nabetál a'nákuniyn cerʻi.
[sa ˈvutɾət, sa ɕɪ̯ɐnɐɾˈʃteːpɐs pʉn bɾɨˈdaʊ̯ntɐʃ↗︎ | ˈkaːɾɐt cɨɸaʊ̯ˈkastən nɐbəˈtaːl ɐˈnaːkʉˌna̯iːn ˈkeɾʔi]
2SG INT, 2SG PST-NEC-really-jump-JUS.2SG in elevator | now here-be_stuck-1PLIN until DEF.ANIM=firefighter-PL arrive-3PL
You really had to jump in the elevator, didn't you? Now we are stuck here until the fire brigade arrive.

Bonus word:
bridauntas [bɾɨˈdaʊ̯ntɐʃ] - elevator
Etymology: bridal "rope" + otas "chair", literally "rope chair"

[zyma]

Day 12

---

Hannaito (Entry 12):

büü /bʉʉ/ [ˈbɯᵝː] (intransitive)
Verb:
1. to move, to be in motion, to change position
2. to stir, to fidget, to twitch, to wag, to wiggle, to shake, to budge
3. to awaken, to wake up
4. to turn, to shift, to pivot, to rotate, to swing
5. to go, to relocate
6. to pass by, to happen across
7. to drift, to walk around, to pace
8. to turn away, to leave, to depart, to exit
9. to exercise, to stay busy, to work
10. to operate, to function, to be in progress, to act routinely, to act repetitively
11. to change, to waver, to fluctuate, to vary
12. to gesture, to signal

Etymology
From Proto-Hannaito *ruw "to turn, to shift, to move".

---

Now that we're beginning Week 3 of Lexember, I've taken some time to read through and comment on what other participants posted for Week 2. I won't necessarily comment on every single entry, but hopefully I haven't accidentally missed anyone's work entirely.

Creyeditor:

Spoiler:

I must admit that I keep accidentally reading "Kobardon" as "Kabardian" at first glance. Hopefully I'll be able to break this "habit" soon!

Kobardon
/àvé/ interj wow, OMG (used for surprise, astonishment, or amazement)

I like the sound and feel, so to speak, of this word, especially as an interjection.

Kobardon
rag-
raga /ràgá/ n a round table (either for sitting on the ground or for standing)
arag /áràg/ intr I sit/stand at a table
arago /áràgó/ trans I sit/stand at a table with s.o.
ragar /rágár/ adj at a table, relating to tables, circular, disc-shaped
ragat /ràgát/ advwhile sitting at a table, conjointly, amicably

It's fun to see sets of related words like this!

Iyionaku:

Spoiler:

The verb iyoda actually means "to poke, push" and always has a direct object - I phrased myself poorly in the explanation. The extension of meaning is the (painful) bumping for body parts.

Oh, no worries! Thank you for the clarification.

Lexember 5 - Yélian

pargifer [pɐɾgiːɸəd̟] - dryer, tumbler, clothes driers [Southern Standard]
parcifidúr [ˌpaɾkɨɸɨˈduːd̟] - dryer, tumbles, clothes driers [Northern Standard]

Etymology: from parge "clothes" + cifia "to dry". In the Northern Standard, the suffix -dúr "appliance" was used.

I like how these words look and sound. pargifer in particular reminds me of certain Latin words.

Lexember 6th - Yélian

èronaku [ˈɛɾonakʉ] - light bulb
Etymology: èronaku "tungsten". The latter is derived from èrog "tin" + naku "fire", because the production of tungsten always needs a lot of tin. The word in the meaning of "light bulb" later became re-analyzed as a coinage of ero "money" + naku "fire", literally "money fire" (as electricity was very expensive back then). However, this is a folk etymology: ero only replaced matir as the word for money in the last one hundred years.

Because light bulbs were such a widespread success, the old word for tungsten was completely overlapped. The metal is now known by its loaned name tunsten.

Reo carla sipuyebet toze on'èronakun pas tao bàtek. Ciquinrest avitnúm tyafadvaloʻi tansécarats.
[ˈɾeː.ɔ̈ ˈkaɾlɐ sɨˌpuːʃəˈbet ˈtoːɟə ɔ̈nˈɛɾɔ̈ˌnaːkʉn pas taʊ̯ ˈbɐtək | kɨˈkinɾəst ɐʋɨtˈnuːm t͡ʃɐɸɐdˈvaːlɔ̈ʔi tɐnˌseːˈkaːɾɐt͡s]
1SG.POSS grandmother still-have.3SG box DEF.GEN=light_bulb-PL on 3SG.FEM.POSS attic | NEG-know-1PLEX where POT-throw_away-INV.3PL properly
My grandmother still has a box of light bulbs on her attic. We don't know where they can be thrown away.

Bonus word for the example sentence:

tansécarats [tɐnˌseːˈkaːɾɐt͡s] - following the law, duly, properly, by the book
Etymology: tanisé "law" + carats "followingly, accordingly"

All of this is excellent!

Lexember 8 - Yélian

aranvídiʻo [ˌaːɾɐnˈviːdɨʔɔ̈] - minimum wage
Etymology: aran "base, baseline" + vídiʻo "wage"

A'valaryélian yiperbarvet pi un'aranvídiʻo roperlinut pès Ŧi 3,35.
[ɐˈvaːlɐɾˌʃeːlɪ̯ɐn ɕɨpəɾˈbaɾvə‿pi ʉnˌaːɾɐnˈviːdiʔɔ̈ ɾɔ̈pəɾˈliːnʉ‿pɛs ˈtuːləni ti‿vəd‿miŋkɐˈteːɾa]
DEF.ANIM=government-shellian PST-announce-3SG that DEF.INAN=minimum_wage FUT-raise-INV.3SG.INAN towards PROP-ENUM 3.35
The Shellian government has announced that the minimum wage will be raised to 3.35 silver (around $8.46)

It's fun to see this "con-currency" symbol, <Ŧi>.

Also, I may have mentioned this before, but I'm still not fully used to seeing it spelled like "Shellian", even though I know how "Yélian" is pronounced!

Lexember 10 - Yélian

tòitivel [ˈtɔʊ̯tiʋəl] - voluntary work (in an association etc.)
tòitivelas [ˌtɔʊ̯tɨˈʋeːlɐʃ] - voluntary, unpaid
Etymology: tòi "free, unbound" + tivel "work" (only in compound words) + adjectivizer -as

crevétivel [kɾəˈʋeːtiʋəl] - voluntary, honorary work (in politics, as an honorary president etc.)
Etymology: crevél "heritage, legacy" + tivel "work" (only in compound words)

USAGE NOTE I: crevétivel is only used for voluntary and unpaid department, office or government positions. tòitivel, on the other hand, is used for non-official voluntary positions, like treasurer in a sports club, city cleaning initiatives, demonstration leaders etc. There is also a word that already existed prior to this challenge which is related. zulbar (Southern) and tiùlbar (Northern) are only used for "forced voluntary work" as a penalty in jurisdiction.

USAGE NOTE II: the adjective tòitivelas is not used together with tivela "to work". "I work voluntarily as X" is usually translated as "I am doing X volutarily" or "I am voluntarily X", as displayed in the example sentence.

Piytaqueta, Sandi pertòitivelasbit a'pacʻu renim o'sangi o'vánitbal.
[ˈpa̯iːtɐˌkeːtɐ, ˈsandi pəɾˌtɔʊ̯tɨˈʋeːlɐsbɨt ɐˈpakʔu ˈɾeːnɨm ɔ̈ˈsaŋgi ɔ̈ˈvaːnɨbɐl]
time-new.SUP, PROP INGR-voluntary-COP.3SG.ANIM DEF.ANIM=ombudsperson 1PLEX.POSS DEF.GEN=club DEF.GEN=handball
Lately, Sandy has started to work voluntarily as the ombudswoman of our handball club.

Very interesting!

Ièlov, cigúvenas "yityesai perani minca" pun sao vínquanut! Alevats vat reyut palanlocan aquis secarúi, cut a'sarevoran inuvat civasanʻi!
[ˈɪ̯eːlo, kɨˈguːʋənɐʃ ɕɨˈt͡ʃeːsaɪ̯ ˈpeːɾɐnɨ ˈmiŋkɐ pʉn saʊ̯ ˈviŋkɐnʉt | ɐˈleːʋɐt͡s vɐt ˈɾeːʃʉ‿ˈpaːlɐnˌloːkɐn ˈaːkɨs səkɐˈɾuː, kʉt ɐsɐˈɾeːʋɔ̈ɾɐn ɨˈnuːʋɐt kɨʋɐˈsanʔi]
no NEG-write-JUS.2SG "PST-chill-1SG month-PL-ENUM five" in 2SG.POSS {CV} | of_course DEM do-INV.3SG.INAN person.PL-many after school, but DEF.ANIM=boss-PL regardless NEG-VOL-read-3PL
No, don't put "I chilled for five months" in your CV! Of course many people do that after school, but bosses still don't want to read it.

Sound advice.

I Lorik:

Spoiler:

You're correct! Here are some more examples:
dûkar ['du:kɑɾ] Verb
To dwell, to live somewhere
dûkav ['du:kɑv] Noun
1 Stable
2 Dwelling

lînar ['li:nɑɾ] Verb
To sing
lînav ['li:nɑv] Noun
Song

vârir ['vɑ:ɾiɾ] Verb
To walk
vâriv ['vɑ:ɾiv] Noun
Walk

Thank you!

The word for "book" is drun [dɾũ:] and the word for "word" is nolid ['nolid]. In Old Lohdan, drunno was actually two words, drun nolidin, which means "book of words"*. This got worn down to drun-nolid and then the modern word drunno.

*When two nouns are side by side in Lohdan, the second one is considered to be in the genitive. So for example, if valon [vɑ'lõ:] means "sword" and elin [œ'lĩ:] means "elf", valon elin means "elf's sword".

Ah, understood!

Lexember 7h - Lohdan
holód [Ro'lo:d] - Noun
1 The main room of the house
2 The most important part of something

Example:
Ban dâkâ hînâ id loho sâhir an holód?
[bɑ̃: 'dɑ:kɑ: 'Ri:nɑ: id 'loRo 'sɑ:Riɾ ɑ̃: Ro'lo:d]
who do-SG.PST let-SG.PTCP INDF.SG horse enter-INF DEF.SG main.room
Who let a horse into the main room?

The houses of the Lohtûrin are typically two-storey buildings divided into a main chamber ("holód"), one or more bedrooms ("dûrartur"), one or more restrooms, a storage room and a stable ("dûkav").
The main chamber is typically the biggest room of the house, taking up a big part of the ground floor. It is typically connected to the stable.

Interesting!

Lexember 9th - Lohdan
kinar ['kinɑɾ] Noun
1 Fireplace
2 Campfire
Example:
Pâvî ka horra kinar-duc, na-bruvânâ!
['pɑ:vi: kɑ 'Rorɑ 'kinɑɾ duk nɑ bɾu'vɑ:nɑ:]
put.SG.IMP more wood fireplace-at 1SG-be.cold-SG.PRS
Put more wood in the fireplace, I'm cold!

kinarun [kinɑ'ɾũ:] Noun
Torch
Etymology: kinar (campfire) + -un (diminutive), literally meaning "small campfire".
Example:
An turado sîlâ kuruva, sivârî id kinarun.
[ɑ̃: tu'ɾɑdo 'si:lɑ: ku'ɾuvɑ si'vɑ:ɾi: id kinɑ'ɾũ:]
DEF.SG outside be-SG.PRS dark grab-SG.IMP INDF.SG torch
It's dark outside, grab a torch.

radirun [ɾɑdi'ɾũ:] Noun
Candle
Etymology: radir (fire) + -un (diminutive), literally meaning "small fire".
Example:
Na-dâhî lhâphir ka radirunin.
[nɑ 'dɑ:Ri: 'ʎɑ:fiɾ kɑ ɾɑdiɾu'nĩ:]
1SG-need-SG.PRS buy-INF more candles
I need to buy more candles.

I like the use of diminutives here!

Lexember 10th - Lohdan

[…]

dâgrir ['dɑ:gɾiɾ] Transitive verb
To wash, to clean, to bathe (only used with living beings, such as pets and children)
Example:
Lôssáv, dâgrî vi lohun. Ku-sîlâ ninratada!
['lo:sɑ:v 'dɑ:gɾi: vi lo'Rũ: ku 'si:lɑ: nĩɾɑ'tɑdɑ]
Lôssáv wash-SG.IMP 2SG.POSS.SG pony 3SG-be.SG.PRS muddy
Lôssáv, go wash your pony. It's covered in mud!

palînir [pɑ'li:niɾ] Transitive verb
To wash, to clean something.
An holód vîrô sîlar palînî nalu erú.
[ɑ̃: Ro'lo:d 'vi:ɾo: 'si:lɑɾ pɑ'li:ni: 'nɑlu œ'ɾu]
DEF.SG main.room must-SG.AOR be-INF clean-SG.PSTPART every day
The main room must be cleaned everyday.

Oh cool, I had a similar idea for a pair of words - "to wash (something animate" vs. "to wash (something inanimate)" - this past week!

Jackk:

Spoiler:

Thank you so much for the words of praise and encouragement. I cannot overstate how much feedback like this motivates me to keep working on Boral and the Boralverse. I never thought in 2015 that I'd still have stuff to say six years later!

I'm glad you enjoy the uncertain etymologies—they're some of my favourite to write too (Of course, sometimes my spreadsheet lexicon is somewhat more definitive… (by which I mean I canonise whichever theory I personally like best ))

I've been really inspired by the polysemy in your entries; I know from experience that coming up with a bunch of novel but plausibly-related meanings for a lemma takes a lot of imagination. I look forward to seeing the rest of your offerings this month (and adapting the best ideas for myself )!

Oh, of course! It's my pleasure. It's an honor to have any small part in helping motivate this amazing project.

I think that might be part of what I enjoy most about seeing words with uncertain etymologies in conlangs - the knowledge that there's probably a canonical explanation that most of us don't get to hear. When the etymology of a word in a natural language is described as "uncertain", it's by necessity. It truly is uncertain, no matter how strongly some may feel about their pet theories. On the other hand, with conlangs being what they are, when I see someone describe the etymology of a word in a language they're creating as "uncertain", I know that there's most likely a more definitive explanation for the word's origins "behind the scenes", so I find it very fun that the language's creator has presumably decided to add some realistic "flavor" by nevertheless presenting things with an air of uncertainty. I enjoy creating words with uncertain etymologies as well for similar reasons. Of course, when it comes to a posteriori conlangs, you're working with a lot of real-world material that you didn't create, and so you can run into genuine uncertainties. However, as you've said, that then gives you the opportunity to privately canonize your personal favorite theories - a freedom not truly afforded to those aiming to keep an open mind while studying, not constructing, the histories of natural languages.

Thank you so much! I must admit I've been feeling disappointed that I didn't have the time before the beginning of December to develop this language enough to include example sentences and things like that, so it's really nice to hear that my posts have still been able to stand out in some way. Please feel free to adapt as much as you'd like, of course! Coming up with an interesting array of senses for each word - I aim for at least 5, and I try not to go over 13 - is certainly the most challenging and time-consuming part of drafting my Lexember entries. There's definitely a fair bit of brain-racking and pure imagination involved, but I typically start by looking for inspiration on Wiktionary. For a priori conlangs at least, I'll create a word and start off with just a few basic senses/meanings in mind, pretty direct English translations. Then, I'll search for those English words on Wiktionary and look at the translations listed for a number of other languages, usually ones that I have some experience with and/or that I've used as inspiration for the conlang I'm working on. Finally, I'll read through all of the relevant entries in all of these languages and use what I find as a starting point to help me avoid feeling like I'm in danger of relexing English.

5m Lexembr
zajadau /ˌza.ʒaˈdo/ [ˌzaʝɐˈdo]
- discoloured, stained, of an inapproproate or suboptimal colour;
- variegated, streaked, spotted, of several different colours;
- motley, assorted, comprising many disparate elements in an unexpected manner, especially of people

also:
veðr zajadau | jackdaw glass, a style of glassmaking from the Iberian peninsula from the ninth century onward, exported around Europe
band zajadau | motley crew, group of mixed background working to a common goal

Etymology:
Originally from Andalus; the glassware sense is the first. From an Arabic phrase like زجاج أخضر <zujáj 'ahdar> meaning "green glass", although there is considerable dialect variation in this term. Its route from there to Borland is unclear, though it was likely borrowed during the Second Tetrarchy, given the early twelfth-century attestation of <vitrum zoiactalis> in the alchemical writings of Jan Curçon. Techniques in glassmaking accelerated rapidly in ninth century Andalus, likely due to a cut-off of supply from the east; see the recent archaeological findings of the Stelazgo Edifice.

Yeðrot zajadau scanoirn y mur ne bric.
/jeðˈrɔt ˌza.ʒaˈdo xaˈnɔj.rn̩ i mɪr ne brɪk/
[jɪˈʀɔt ˌzaʝɐˈdo xɐˈnɔ.jɐn i mɪː nɪ ˈbʀɪk]
ivy variegated climb-pst.3p def wall in brick
Variegated ivy grew up the brick walls.

Another lovely word!

As if I needed yet another reason to enjoy your posts, some of them are helping me keep up with Arabic now that I'm no longer actively studying it.

Also, yeðrot is a fantastic word for "ivy".

6m Lexembr
sar marcer /ˈsar marˈtsɛr/ [ˈsɑː mɐːˈdzɛː] trade network, means of transporting goods for sale around a region

Etymology: The noun sar "(fish)net, mesh, network" arrives in Boral from Vascon fishermen in the thirteenth century, one of the many naval words taken therefrom: see hagr “mast” and bakilau “cod”, also from Vask. Its metaphorical extension to general networks is presumably calqued from the similar metaphors in use in neighbouring languages, though in Boral itself this is not attested until 1836. The adjective marcer "commercial, relating to trade goods" is a transparent adjectival derivation of març "trade good", a descendant of Latin merx, with the same meaning.

Si gent oc saun, y sar marcer dourra mal.
/si ʒɛnt ɔk son | i sar marˈtsɛr duˈra mal/
[si ˈʒɛnt ɔ ˈsɔn | i sɑː mɐːˈdzɛː dʊˈʀa maw]
if person s.prx know-3pl | def net commercial hurt-fut.3s bad
If people find out about this, the trade network will be affected badly.

Oh, nice to see words of (I'm assuming "Vask" =) Basque origin!

section taken from Agricultural Innovations of the Romaine and Napolitan Heredical Theorists in the Utter Alpine, an 1865 reference book detailing various advances in farming and husbandry during the Long Peace of late eighteenth century. It was written (originally in Borlish as Tarrouçon Saðer dy Theorist Heredical Romagn e Napollesc ny Doutr-Alp) by farm alchemist Thaubrett of Crowmarsh, affiliated with the Institute for Supply in Axbane. It is notable for interspersing various recipes between the technical discussions, to illuminate the scientific principles at work (and for said recipes, on the whole, not being very good).

Tragic…

7m Lexembr
mannaç mauser /maˈnats moˈzɛr/ [mɐˈnats mʊˈzɛː]
- a region in which bananas are grown, a locale known for banana export;
- sun belt, any region known for particularly balmy, warm or sunny weather

Etymology: literally "banana-ish lands". The noun mannaç "realm, lands, domain" is somewhat archaic in general use but can be employed humorously (here it was chosen presumably for the alliteration); it descends from an Old Boral manazȝ or similar, meaning "land holding, domain of a lord". It is a nominalisation of verb maner "to stay, remain" (cf. modern remanir), from Latin maneō in the same sense.

The word mauser is a productive adjectival extension of maus "banana, plantain", which is first attested in Boral in 1397 N (though there is no consistent usage until at least a century later). It is borrowed somehow through the European trade mesh (some suggest a British intermediary but it is impossible to be certain) from Arabic مَوْز (mawz) "bananas"; confusion as to the word's gender in Boral's neighbouring languages suggests it came north along various routes.

Il aurn cogmað fait ag manaç mauser mivocan.
/ɪl orn̩ kɔjˈmaθ fet ɛj maˈnats moˈzɛr ˌmi.vo ˈkan/
[ɪl oːn kʊjˈmaθ fet ɛj mɐˈnats mʊˈzɛː ˌmi.vʊˈkan]
3p have-pst.3p holiday do-ptcp.pst to.def lands banana-adj Mivockan
They had gone on holiday in the sun belt of Mivock.

Very fun! I am in awe of the <-zȝ> in manazȝ.

excerpted from Ghendaline Cecchino's scholastic quire Tightrope Walking: a Linguistic History of Boral, a work (published originally in Napolitan as Funamblisme: n'Istorio Lingual d'e Isule Bural) distributed via the Edizore Università Napule in 1991 and chronicling the various changes in the Borlish language from the Roman period to the modern day.

…a borrowing from Norse or English by considering which softenings have occured within the word—but be careful! If you don't know the source of the loanword precisely you can fail to take into account its original pronunciation. For example, one might suppose Boral fruyar "to dance" must be a very early borrowing from Old English frician, to have done away with the /k/ completely. But in fact evidence of Sothbar dialect particularities suggests that in the proximate source the verb was already pronounced /ˈfriːjːan/, from which we can only conclude that the word enters Boral at some point after the evolution of /dʒ/ (textual evidence dates it to at least the ninth century).

Later on (see chapter 6) we will also see how sound changes have no memory—later sound changes can reverse the effects of earlier ones, even centuries later. The most impressive example of this process in Boral must be the early deletion of Latin <v> between vowels (hypothesised to have been underway even in the late Classical period), together with the circa seventeenth-century insertion of <v> to break up hiatus between /o/ and another vowel. For example, the Latin novellus "young, newly made" yields Old Boral noel "fresh, newborn", and Modern Boral novel "new". Often, however, such reversals affect only a portion…

10m Lexembr
harmonir /ˌar.moˈnɪr/ [ˌɑː.mʊˈnɪː]*
- to align, line up, match, to be in alignment or otherwise in an orderly configuration;
- to fit together, mesh, interlock, to be of complementary shapes;
- to dovetail, square, go, to not disagree with or contradict each other or the surrounding context;
- to agree, concur, conform, to be of the same mind;
- (in music) to harmonise, to play at a consonant interval or to provide a counter-melody;
- (in linguistics) to assimilate, to alter in phonetic character so as to approach a neighbouring sound

*not to be confused with ammonir /ˌa.moˈnɪr/ [ˌa.mʊˈnɪː] to warn, presage, caution, to be an omen or early sign of something bad

Etymology: thirteenth-century attestation as armognir, verbal derivation of noun armogn "agreement, alignment". The initial <h> was reintroduced later after the Latin etymon harmonia "harmony, concord"; around this time (the early sixteenth century) we also see a reintroduction of the musical sense.

Y sodal all'oc roncaf mortal harmonen noc.
/i soˈdal aˈlɔk rɔnˈkaf mɔrˈtal ˌarmoˈnɛn nɔk/
[i sʊˈdaw ɐˈlɔ ʀʊŋˈkaf mʊːˈtaw ˌɑː.mʊˈnɛn nɔk]
def element to.def=s.prx mystery deadly align-impf.3p neg
The pieces of this murder mystery didn't fit together.

Wonderful! I love the contrast between [ˌɑː.mʊˈnɪː] and [ˌa.mʊˈnɪː], the linguistic sense of the word, and the reintroduction of <h->.

[1] This etymology (relating it to Norse þórr "thunder) is disputed, although the alternative in Latin taurus "bull" is no less controversial.

An excellent footnote!

11m Lexembr
kevlar /keˈvlar/ [kɪˈvlɑː]
- robbery, burglary, theft, the act of acquiring property illegally;
- heist, an instance of robbery, especially from an institution such as a bank, museum or other secure stronghold;
- (by extension) scheme, plot, a complex plan to conduct a likely-illegal activity;
- (archaic cant or modern humorous, non-finite forms only) to rob, burgle, thieve, to undertake a heist

Also romanç kevlar | heist story, tale in which a heist is central to the plot, especially considered as a subgenre of masquira novels and films

---

Etymology: disputed. The noun first definite attestation in writing is in the 1793 work An Enumeration of Thieves' Cant (originally in Boral as Enombr a Vanagl Saccacer), describing the slang of the Damvath underworld. Originally referring to any robbery, the narrower sense has been strengthened by its association to fiction; the twentieth century saw kevlar borrowed into many languages to refer to the genre of stories—see English kevler romance, for example.

Possible antedatings to Pentrose/Axbane slang have led some to conjecture a connection to a Welsh *cafelat "act of obtaining", although the phonetic implausibility (the Welsh would have penultimate stress) and the utter lack of outside evidence for this derivative of verb cafel "to get, be given" tally against it. Furthermore, if the intriguing reference to vol quȝralle "quiral (?) theft" in a fourteenth-century record of Jeluðrou court proceedings is an ancestor, the period (before substantial Welsh immigration to the cities of southern Borland) and the location (a minor northern town) rule this theory out definitively.

Unfortunately, the other options are just as easily discarded. Backslang—the practice of generating slang by saying words backwards—from a Germanic cognate of "robbing" (most often suggested is Frisian raovig, but even this is tenuous) is a popular but ultimately unworkable theory. Saxon cüble "luggage, baggage" or the derivation cübler "footman, male servant, especially one tasked with carrying possessions around" also do not quite harmonise with the timeline and the semantics.

Loy paregl ny cour es ajoutað de bon romanç kevlar.
/lɔj paˈrijl ni kur ɛz ˌa.ʒuˈtaθ de bɔn roˈmants keˈvlar/
[lɔj pɐˈʀi.jʊ ni ˈkʊː‿ʀɪz ˌa.ʒʊˈtah dɪ ˈbɔn ʀʊˈmans kɪˈvlɑː]
place same in=def heart be.3s gratify-ptcp.pst from good story heist
The same part of the heart delights in a good heist story.

Wonderful!

This prompted me to look up the etymology of the material kevlar, and I was disappointed to learn that it's apparently a genericized brand name. Beyond that, although I admittedly didn't search for very long, I couldn't find where the name comes from, so I'm just going to assume that the theories you've outlined here might explain the origins of the word "kevlar" in our world!

[1] A portion of the global mesh [Internet], usually qualified with a geographical term.

Fascinating!

Shemtov:

Spoiler:

Day 5.
Kéu /kʰeu˥/
"Walking staff"

Day 10:
Nhàìⁿ /ɳãĩ˩/
Mason's trowel

Day 11:
Kwéúʰ /kʰweu˥˧/
"Mortar (Material)"

I like the sound of these words. I'm going to have to make time to check out the thread for this language at some point.

Titus Flavius:

Spoiler:

Leczêmbirèu 7 - Camnorese
irren - employment, work
Loanword from High Camnorese rren, meaning "work" from Common Camnorese *zəɣərɪt, meaning "labor, work". A cognate is (Low) Camnorese "zagarit" [ˈzâˌɣárɪt] meaning "effort".
Bonus word:
iruarziten - cigar
Loanword from High Camnorese ŕuarstn̄, meaning "cigar" from Common Camnorese *zoːrə + kərtən meaning "leaf + pipe". A cognate would be (Low) Camnorese **zôracartan **[ˈzûraˌkǎrtǎn]

It's interesting to compare, for instance, the forms rren and *zəɣərɪt.

Leczêmbirèu 9 - Camnorese
piret - knife
Bonus:
virnâre - subtract
virnaremnagn - minued
virnareztagn - subtrahend
Laksambanra 9 - Unnamed Infixing Language
piret - sword
ɬék-tep-per 9 - pāˀ-llātʰ
ⁿdṹ - to dwell, to live

Would it be correct to assume that there's some connection between Camnorese piret "knife" and piret "sword" in the Unnamed Infixing Language?

spanick:

Spoiler:

As always, thanks for organizing Lexember! I also want to say that I really appreciate that you take the time to give genuine feedback. I have such a hard time doing that, but I am really enjoying seeing everyone's work this year and a new language from you!

Oh, of course! It's my pleasure to be able to do this again. I'm glad I have the time to comment weekly this year, instead of having to wait until the end of the month like last year. Thank you so much!

Yes, they are. I forgot to post the etymology for those.

Got it! Thanks for the confirmation!

Yes, that;s a total mistake. I've been using a new IPA keyboard for my iPhone and while it's really great, some of the letters are kind of hard to tell apart!

Oh, no worries, that's completely understandable! I think I only noticed because the two symbols are just distinct enough from one another in whatever font my laptop displays the board in. On my phone, the board must be displayed in a different font or something, because they're almost completely indistinguishable.

Lexember 6

Weddisch
mêtkleav
/metklɛːv/ ~ /meklɛːv/
1. pantry

From OE mete "food" and clēafa "cleft, room, chasm."

Ah, my first thought was "meat cleaver", until I actually read the definition!

Lexember 8

Weddisch
buitsche ~ buike
/bœɪd͡ʒə/ ~ /bœɪkə/
1. clothes hanger

Literally “little bow” from bow plus the diminutive suffix -tsche/-ke, which triggers I-umlaut.

Oh, that's fun! What's the difference between buitsche and buike? Are they forms from different dialects?

Yemya
grada
/ɡɾɑdɑ/
1. house
2. enclosed space
3. barn
4. homestead

From PIE * gʰr̥dʰós.

Yemya
brauthra
/bɾaʊtʰɾɑ/
1. pot
2. cauldron

From PIE *bʰrewh₁- "to boil, brew"

Yemya
dvar
/dʋɑɾ/
1. door

Yemya
ola
/olɑ/
1. awl

Lots of lovely IE words for Yemya this past week!

Yemya
djen
/d͡ʝen/
1. money
2. cash
3. currency

Borrowed from Middle Chinese 錢 /d͡ziᴇn/

I'm particularly intrigued by this Middle Chinese loanword, though!

Dormouse559:

Spoiler:

3 d' leksembro
seçhé (de) v - to be obsessed (with) (< seçhé "to dry"; apparently from humor theory, perhaps in reference to melancholy, which is connected with dryness and perfectionism)

4 d' leksembro
çerta adv - at least, anyway, in any case; frames a fact as a consolation for another, negative fact (< Lt. certus w/gender change)
çerh ke [+ PRS_SJV] conj - even though; implies that both interlocutors accept the subordinate clause as clearly true (< Lt. certus)

5 d' leksembro
teraplatisto adj - flat-earther; in support of the flat Earth (< Téra plata "flat Earth" + -isto "-ist")
teraplatistou/teraplatista nmn/nfn - flat-earther; person who believes in the flat Earth


— Parké ke t' aguétye touta ççetta vvidyó teraplatista ?
why SBRD 2S watch-2S all-ACC.F.C PL-DEM-ACC.F.C PL-video flat-earther
— Why do you watch all those flat-earther videos?

— Jh' en séçho, çerh k' la Téra a st ronta.
1S.NOM of_them be_obsessed-1S even_though SBRD DEF-NOM.F.C earth 3S.NOM.F be.PRS_SJV.3S round-NOM.F.C
— I'm obsessed with them, even though obviously the Earth is round.

— Bin, t' la kkrê çerta pâ.
well | 2S 3.F-PL believe-2S at_least NEG
— Well, at least you don't believe them.


Various accents (Now with an extra accent!)

I adore all of this!

kiwikami:

Spoiler:

Alál: Day 7
XMIhraḶ3
 AGT xmıhraíḷ [xmɛç'ritɬ]
 OBL xmıhraàıḷ [xmɛç'rɑjtɬ]
 PAT xmıhraùıḷ [xmɛç'rojtɬ]
 COM xımìhraḷ [xɛ'meçrətɬ]
fridge magnet
- Declension class I3 | Handling class ta
- From √XMIḶ 'magnet', -hra- 'attached on a vertical surface'

Very fun to see a word for "fridge magnet"!

Day 8
ẒAruṬ2
 AGT ẓarıuṭ ['tʃɐrɪf]
 OBL ẓaruṭ ['tʃɐrʉ̞ʔ]
 PAT ẓaràuṭ [tʃɐ'rɑf]
 COM ẓaruṭ ['tʃɐrʉ̞ʔ
paper shredder, entry-level job, starting position
- Declension class NA2 | Handling class ru
- From √ẒAṬ 'shred, rip, tear', -ru- 'machine'

I love the range in meanings here.

Day 10
SIkáL2
 AGT sıkáıl [s̪ɛ'kajl]
 OBL sıkáalı [s̪ɛ'kaɮɪ]
 PAT sıkáıúl [s̪ɛ'kajul]
 COM sıkál [s̪ɛ'kal]
curtain cord, pull cord for a bell or mechanical device
- Declension class A2 | Handling class ta/la
- From √SIL 'comment, note, aside, extra thing, to trail behind or tag along'

Day 11
ṬItaẒ3
 AGT tìtaıẓ [ɪ't̪ed̪əjtʃ]
 OBL tìtaẓ [ɪ't̪ed̪ətʃ]
 PAT tìtàẓ [ɪ't̪et̪ɑtʃ]
 COM tìtaẓ [ɪ't̪ed̪ətʃ]
pincushion
- Declension class NI3 | Handling class ta
- From √ṬIẒ 'sea urchin', -ta- 'tool, handheld device'

More fun etymologies! I particularly like having the word for "pincushion" derived from "sea urchin", rather than the other way around.

Mándinrùh:

Spoiler:

Probably not much, I've only just managed to nail down enough grammar to be able to say anything interesting in it. Though I did participate in the XIV conlang relay, so once that's wrapped I'll put that (somewhat substantial) text up with a recording. I have a mostly up-to-date grammar and a significantly less up-to-date lexicon on my website.

Ah, thank you! I'll have to check out the link once I have time to properly read through the information available there.

Atili: hazovahna /ˌχɑ.ʒoˈvɑχ.nʌ/ - builder (etym. hazo "building" + vah make + -na (nominalizer)). Most buildings in Teremi are made of stone, mud bricks, or mud reinforced with reeds and grasses, as trees suitable for building are uncommon in much of the country. These materials are often whitewashed as a means of reflecting the harsh sun.

Where space is limited, as it is in much of Temrabolya, for instance, it is not uncommon to see new houses getting built on the flat roofs of older homes. These second- or third-story homes, called huhunes ("towers" or "necks") are accessed either by ladders or by elevated lelentovnye, raised streets formed of bridges between adjacent rooftops.

This unusual architectural pattern earns Temrabolya the nickname hon-hon huhunesi dirinal, "The city of 20 thousand towers."

Atili: dantana /dʌnˈtɑ.nʌ/ - healer (etym. danta "heal" + -na (nominalizer)). Atili healers use the etamïrus ("life aether") to heal injury or illness. Most healers in Teremi come from one of the 36 healer families called dadantanavi. A dantanavi is usually employed by a noble house with a typical contract lasting six generations. These contracts, often paid up front, sell for enormous sums of money. In order to keep themselves scarce and thus demand higher contracts, most healers will have only one child with whom they will share their family's secret techniques. When a healer has multiple children, they will usually teach all children some basic techniques, and the one who shows the greatest aptitude will be chosen to learn the more secret advanced arts. The selected child is called a kimidantana ("chosen healer" or "student healer"), and other children are sent away so that the kimidantana can be taught in secret.

BONUS WORD:
Atili: zilïte /ʒɨˈɫɨ.tɛ/ - physician (etym. zi "person" + lïte "courage"). Anyone who cannot afford the services of a healer must settle for a physician. A much more open profession, children who do not become the kimidantana, called vavatlenam ("those who are sent away") often choose to become physicians in order to make use of the basic etamïrus practices that they were allowed to learn before being sent away. Physicians often take up residence in churches or the keeps of minor nobility who cannot afford a healer contract, but some prefer to set up practices in large cities or to teach at the university hospital in Temrabolya. In addition to using basic healing magic, physicians also make use of various remedies, antidotes, and potions.

Atili: usimvahna /ˌu.ʃimˈvɑχ.nʌ/ - windmaker (etym. urusim "winds" + vah make + -na (nominalizer)). Windmakers are sailors who steer ships by redirecting the wind in the right direction using the etawsim ("wind aether"). Despite the name, most windmakers can't actually create wind where there is none, and ships must beware becoming becalmed. In addition to steering, windmakers also act as navigators, using specially coded charts that show important features like water depth, currents, and annual wind patterns. The knowledge of how to read these charts is a trade secret of the Windmakers' guild (usimvahnavi).

I love all of the cultural/worldbuilding notes from this past week, but these might be my favorites.

Khemehekis:

Spoiler:

Shaleyan

DAY 5

kadel: floor, story

Note 1: In Shaleyan, floors are numbered as per the American system, not the British system.

Huh, I'll have to look up the difference.

I like the word kadel, by the way.

BONUS: To translate "third", I worked out how to do ordinal numbers in Shaleyan!

Hooray!

DAY 7

hezan: adze

Amana an ñol pay yeph key an kopi hoshuph hezan.
hundred in year for this island on people make adze
The people on this island have been making adzes for hundreds of years.

I'm particularly fond of this word as well.

Glenn:

Spoiler:

Day 6: Chusole

elinno /‘e.li.n:o/ – compound (housing for an extended family)

elim /‘e.lim/ – family, normally referring to a patrilineal extended family, including grandparents, adult sons with their wives and children, and sometimes other relatives

(elim -> elin- before no due to regressive assimilation of adjoining nasals)

no /no/ – home, hearth, homeland

This is the first time I've seen Chusole, but I hope to see more of it in the future!

VaptuantaDoi:

Spoiler:

I really need to find the time to properly read through your thread on Añoþnın, along with the other threads you've made this past year. I'm enthralled by what I've seen already, and I'd certainly like to learn more.

Hohetłéneyéyesénı Lohılwéh

tłotłénu [t͡ɬó.t͡ɬé.nù] n. Cauldron, large pot. PHLCF *t͡ɬóɾùt͡ɬéɾù, from AC kārukaru, from PB *kádukadu, full reduplication of *kádu "hot". Cf. Cıéthíıųécıųe fifféh.

Hohetłéneyéyesénı Lohılwéh
eyetłé' [é.d͡ʒè.t͡ɬéʔ] n. Axe. PHLCF *éd͡ʒèt͡ɬétù, AC ēñakatu, from PB *édekatu. Cf. Cıéthíıųécıųe, Féthíıvéfe hefféte.

I'm particularly fond of how these words sound.

I also like the choice of <y> for [d͡ʒ]! That's how I've been romanizing /d͡ʒ/ in a language that I considered using for Lexember this year, but eventually decided was even less "ready" than the language I've actually ended up using.

Añoþnın
añkıþ [ˈʔɐɲkʉθ] n. (Underlying añekıto). Axe. MC ɐñkɨt~-ñɪktɔ, AC ēñakatu, from PB *édekatu.

Iñuɂ ñečah ñıñkıþ nıɂnı uñ keč ınbuhe ık saɂnı o soč kaɂ ısneþne.
[ˈʔʉɲuʔ ˈɲɪt͡ʃɐh ˈɲʉɲɡʉθ ˈnʉʔnɵ uɲ kɪt͡ʃ ˈʔʉmbuhe ʔʉk ˈsɐʔnɵ o ˈsɔt͡ʃ kɐʔ ˈʔʉznɪðne]
ın-ñunı ñetası-ko ñı-añekıto nıne-nı uñ keč ın-bukeke ıku-∅ sane-nı o soče kaɂ ıs-netıne-∅
PAST.PFV-pick.up throw-1SG PL-axe water-DAT POSTPOS because PAST.PFV-do urinate-3SG floor-DAT POSTPOS 1SG.POSS hut-DAT of night when PAST.IMPFV-be.drunk-3SG
"I took his axes and threw them into the river because he had taken a piss on the floor of my hut last night when he was drunk."

A completely reasonable reaction.

Añoþnın
eksuþ n. [ˈʔɪksuθ] (ekısutu) Newborn baby; baby under a year old. MC ɪksut ~ -kɨstu, from AC akasūtū, of uncertain origin. The Lohılwéh cognate tłetłhé' /t͡ɬét͡ɬèhéʔ/, and Cıéthíıųécıųe féssoecıue /fésːwèt͡swè/ suggest that the AC form was originally *kakasūtū, although that form is not attested. A connection to kisūtu "child" (itself of uncertain origin) is plausible. Potentially both kisūtu and *kakasūtū were borrowed from two separate related languages.

At the risk of repeating some of my comments from last week, I absolutely love seeing etymological details like these. Presenting words in a conlang as being "of uncertain origin" is so much fun, in my opinion. This kind of thing really helps a language feel more "real" and more "alive".

Ckyo·ka

ytɨjo·s /ʎ̥˔tɨ.ɟɔːs/ n. Plane (for woodworking). From ytɨ "smooth" + causative verbaliser -jɨ + tool class marker -os.

so·grɨjɨ /sɔːɡ͡ʟ̝ɨɟɨ/ vtr. Fire (from a job), lay off; break up with someone in a relationship. From so· "alone" + person class marker -grɨ + causative verbaliser -jɨ.

Oh, I see I'm not the only one who made a word for "to fire, to lay off" this past week!

KaiTheHomoSapien:

Spoiler:

I like the look and sound of this language. I can see the "family resemblance" to Lihmelinyan and Arculese, and it's interesting to be able to compare the Lihmelinyan cognates of some words, but Tamagic still has things that help it stand out as unique. I can feel the loose Indo-European, specifically Tocharian, inspiration that you mentioned as well.

8th

poskáñe - /pos.'ka.ŋe/ - "maid, scullion"

Finally, a small sentence:

"The maid put the knife on the table"

pisnikáram poskáñe konaíkyei nemútules

knife-ACC maid-NOM table-LOC put-3.SG.PAST

/pis.nɪ.'kar.əm pos.'ka.ŋe ko.'nai̯.kjei̯ ne.'mu.tʊ.les/

písnikar is neuter, but in Tamagic, neuter nouns have gained distinct accusative forms (borrowed from the masc./fem.) not found in most Mantic languages where neuters are noted for having identical nom. and acc. forms.

Oh, interesting!

9th

fletéssar - chair (from flétam - "I sit")

fletéssari flétam

"I am sitting in the chair" (this is about the level of sentence I am able to construct right now lol)

Hey, that's more than I can currently do with the language I'm using!

11th

thalp - hammer, mallet

This is a neuter thematic noun. Neuter thematics have lost their *-(thematic vowel)(nasal) nominative singular ending and exhibit the bare stem just like any other neuter.

I like to think this word is of onomatopoeic origin. It has no parallels in Lihmelinyan or Arculese.

Cool!

[Flavia]

Would it be correct to assume that there's some connection between Camnorese piret "knife" and piret "sword" in the Unnamed Infixing Language?

Yes.

[Jackk]

12m Lexembr
mozað /moˈzaθ/ [mʊˈzaθ]
- subjective, personal, depending upon perspective or outlook;
- fragmentary, sampling, representative, based on examples taken from a wider population;
- (in geometry) two-dimensional, planar, existing in a single slice of space with two degrees of freedom;
- (in medicine) cross-sectional, pertaining to or being a planar section of anatomy

Etymology: first seen in Boral in the thirteenth century, either in translation from Scholastic Latin muzātus "planar, pertaining to the Euclidean plane" or directly from Andalus (forma) mozada "two-dimensional figure". The latter appears several times in Tal of Murcia's 1211 work On Unknown Areas Scribed by Arcs, itself primarily a compilation of earlier advancements in geometry from Cairene mathematicians. The Latinised form suggests an adjectival derivation from a word *muzus, but in fact the resemblance is coincidental; Andalus mozada is loaned from Arabic مُسَطَّح • (musaṭṭaḥ) "flat, even, level".

Though the geometrical meaning is oldest, the extension to perspective is early, and not limited to Boral. It is in the Italian revitalist painting of the sixteenth century that we first see this usage, to refer to the plane parallel to the viewer cutting through the scene. The "fragmentary" and anatomical senses are more recent, first attested only in the nineteenth century; the former was in most popular colloquial use in the Good Game period (and has seen a resurgence in recent decades), while the latter is restricted to medical jargon.

Nos n'eu sgart for mozað sull'enigma ig y smaraut sperisceurn.
/no naw sgart fɔr moˈzaθ si.le.najˈma aj i smaˈrot ˌspe.riˈxaw.rn̩/
[no naw zgɑːt fɔː mʊˈzah sɪˌle.nɐjˈma a.i zmɐˈʀot ˌspe.ʀɪˈxa.wɐn]
1p neg=have.1p view only fragmentary on.def=enigma comp def emerald disappear-pst.rmt-3p
Our understanding of the mystery of the vanishing emeralds is fragmentary.

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in translation from the collected correspondence of Dewock Barclythe (1452-1539 N), Friar of Tremonow and for several decades the prime Factor of Records at the Brethin House there. This missive was sent in 1491 N along the Scholar's Chain—a branching route across western Europe in the late medieval period connecting many of the great centres of learning and theology—to an acquaintance at the Sovereign Library in Saint Marinus.

To the inestimable Lluprando da Treviso,

May the guidance of Saint David steer you well. Allow me to extend the warmest congratulations on the occasion of your son's birth; God willing all involved parties are in full health.

On the matter of the algorism, I must applaud your suggestions with regard to mozate [1] forms. It is good to remark that in the context of Euclid's plane, all mozate forms are parallel, which is to say that they are coplanar (there being only one plane!). This observation has led our Jarleth to conjecture that mozate forms might possess themselves a sort of direction, in the same way that a line segment may be endowed with one of two directions.

The most natural sense of direction a form like a circle or square might possess is undoubtedly the sense of a sundial. Whatever precisely it should mean for a circle to be sunward or awkward, in diagram it is not difficult to depict, the usual expedient of arrowheads sufficing as well here as it does for linear forms.

There is a strange consequence of this assignment of direction, however, as was revealed to me by the Lord in a dream. Consider a square as the…

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[1] two-dimensional.

[VaptuantaDoi]

VaptuantaDoi:
I really need to find the time to properly read through your thread on Añoþnın, along with the other threads you've made this past year. I'm enthralled by what I've seen already, and I'd certainly like to learn more.

Thanks! I really appreciate the time you take to make comments on my and everyone else's work!

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Añoþnın
buɂno [ˈbuʔno] (Underlying bunono.) vin. To shake, shiver, vibrate, shudder. vtr. To shake something, shock someone (especially in SVCs with verbs like sıknı "scare"). MC buɾɾɔ~-bɾɔɾ, AC būruru, burūru; from PB *gúdudu~*gudúdu (the variability of stress is probably reflective of an onomatapoeic origin). Although Añoþnın settled on the stress-initial form, Hohetłéneyéyesénı retains the second-syllable stress form entirely (see below).

notkı [ˈnɔtke] (Underlying notukı.) vtr. To give something to someone; to pass, to throw (a very generalised verb, most often seen in SVCs). MC ɾɔtkɨ~-ɾtuk "pass, throw", AC dutūkā, from PB *dutúku̯ai̯ "throw an object, shoot".

nab [ˈnɐb] (Underlying nabi.) vin. To spill (of a liquid), to overflow; (of people) to leave a crowded place. vtr. To pour, tip a container. MC ɾab~-ɾbi, AC dābī; from Old Decééyinéeqi *dāpî "flow, slide" (modern Dec. dóókée "move smoothly"). *dāpî is likely cognate to PB *dútide "ripple, wobble", whence Añoþnın nusñı (nusıñı) "to effect, have an impact."

Kıɂ ısbuɂno čiñe, kıɂ ñıñiñ čečño ınbaɂseþ čı ınbuhe sıknı buɂno ñı ınıɂnıč.
[ˈkʉʔ ˈʔʉzbuʔno ˈt͡ʃiɲe | ˈkʉʔ ˈɲʉɲiɲ ˈt͡ʃɪt͡ʃno ˈʔʉnbɐʔsɪθ t͡ʃɵ ˈʔʉnbuhe ˈsʉknʉ ˈbuʔno ɲɵ ˈʔʉnʉʔnʉʃ]
kıɂ ıs-bunono čiñıñe-∅, kıɂ ñıñiñ čečiño ın-banuse-te čı ın-bukeke sıkunı bunono-∅ ñı ınene-nı-nıče
but PAST.IMPFV-shake be.cold-3SG, but 3.PL.EMPH some PAST.PFV-think-3PL that PAST.PFV-complete frighten shake-3SG 3SG noise-DAT-MEDIAL
"Although he was really shivering from cold, some thought that he had been frightened by the noise."

Aɂ ñuɂ notkı iñtuɂsıñ ñeč u!
[ˈʔɐʔ ɲuʔ nɔtke ˈʔʉɲtuʔsʉɲ ˈɲɪt͡ʃ ʔu]
ano ñunı notukı iñıtunası-ñi ñeč u
go pick.up give clay-DIST 1SG.DAT.EMPH to
"Go get me some of that clay from over there!"

Iñınbih sıɂ ñiksuþnı bın o ıč buɂ kunto, sa ınsıčaþ ñeɂñı nıɂnı bı!
[ˈʔʉɲʉnbih ˈsʉʔ ˈɲiksuðnɵ ˈbʉn o ˈʔit͡ʃ buʔ ˈkundo | sɑ ˈʔʉnzʉʃɐθ ˈɲɪʔɲɵ ˈnʉʔnɵ bɵ]
ıñı-nabi-ko sıne ñi-kısuto-nı bın o ıče bu-nı kunto, sa ınsı-ačatu ñenı-ñı nıno-nı bı
NONP.PFV-spill-1SG blood PL-child-DAT 2SG.POSS of field sago-DAT on, if NONP.IMPFV-pay return-2SG father-DAT 1SG.POSS
"I will spill the blood of your children onto your sago field if you do not repay your debts to my father!"

Hohetłéneyéyesénı Lohılwéh
'wenwénwé [ʔwéŋ.wéŋ.wé] (var. 'wekwékwé [ʔwé.kʷé.kʷé]) vin. To wave; appear. vtr. To greet, make yourself seen, catch the attention of. PHLCF *kúɾúːɾú "wave at, greet", from AC burūru, a variant coexisting with būruru "to shake, surprise" (whence Añoþnın buɂno); PB *gúdudu~*gudúdu.

'wenıhwé [ʔwé.nìh.wé] n. The shoulders. PHLCF *kúːɾìtú, AC *kūritu "shoulders, top", from PB *kúgitu "shoulders, pelvis". Cf. Cıéthíıųécıųe/Féthíıvéfe quhtú.

hwetłé [hwé.t͡ɬé] vtr. Throw something to/at someone. PHLCF *tút͡ɬé, AC dutūkā, from PB *dutúku̯ai̯ "throw an object, shoot". Cf. Cıé., Féth. qoéfé "throw a spear at, shoot an arrow at".


Sekai
sáfe /sá.ɸè/ n. Blood. PN *sáhè, from PB *ti̯águ̯e.
toási /tɔ̀.á.sì/ a. Wet; moist, slick, slimy. PB *tɔ̀ɾásì, from PB *tau̯dáti "wet".
etó /è.tɔ́/ n. Grass, reeds. PB *i̯éà-tó, from earlier *ìéà, from PB *i̯éku̯a "grass".

Ckyo·ka
na·yɨ· /naːʎ̥˔ɨː/ v. Break something brittle or crumbly, e.g. a stick, dried dung.
na·yɨ·ns /naːʎ̥˔ɨːns/ n. Crumbs, refuse, mess. na·yɨ· + collection of small objects classifier -ons.
tkisi /tkisi/ vtr. Slap with open hand.

[Mándinrùh]

Atili has a strong derivational verbal system where most verbs of motion are formed by putting postional markers, infixed postpositions and/or nouns, and andative and venitive markers to the verb uleni. I could spend all week pulling out words like wobhiteskuvnileni "to come climbing down a mountain" (etym. w- (infinitive) + ob- (andative motion along a slope) + hitesku "mountain range" + -v (singulative) + ni "down" + -leni "go"), but that's not very interesting, and there's not much else I could say about it than "it's a word that means 'to come climing down a mountain,'" so I'm going to do common recreational activities instead.

Atili: vivizwerugza /viˌvi.ʒwɛˈʁuɡ.ʒʌ/ - "game of sixes" (etym. vivizwe "sixes" + rugza "game"). A game of chance popular among the lower classes of Teremi played with a deck comprising five suits (ereta "aethers") of ten cards each with values two through eleven, plus two extra unsuited cards with the values zero and one.

Each round (ranha), each player may either put some predetermined amount of money (kurina "ante") into a pot (vita "jar") in order to be dealt another card face up in front of them (this action is called ukurnavah roughly "making ante" or uligramvardil "buying a card") or decide to pass (utuba "wait") the round. If at any time, the cards in front of a player add up to a multiple of six (except zero), the player is out of the game (ëzivahleni "knocked down") and wins nothing. If the player is dealt the zero card, they are declared the winner and can take the money.

Innumerable variations of the game exist, including winning some money for being dealt two cards of the same value in a row, an alternate win condition achieved by holding six cards of the same suit after round six, a penalty for being dealt the one card, or a rule against passing more then two consecutive rounds.


BONUS WORD:
Atili: idetendikoy/ˌi.dɛˌtɛn.diˈkoj/ - "I have twelve" (etym. i- (first-person subject) + de- (sitting positional) + tendi "twelve" + koy "have"). A card game (played with the same cards as vivizwerugza) preferred by the nobility (who consider the former game to be facile). Players must begin by making an initial ante (enkurina). After the initial ante, the game proceeds in rounds (raranha).

At the start of each round, players are dealt a hand of two cards. If a player's dealt cards add to twelve, they exclaim, "idetendikoy!" whereupon they can take the entire pot and end the game. If no player has twelve, then each player starting with the dealer and proceeding clockwise must decide (without looking) either to take the top card of the deck (uligramvabonus "take a card") or give it to another player (uligramavmalon "give a card"). After all players have had a turn, players add up their hands and take the total modulo twelve as their score (tembuvi). Players must then "buy their score" (utembwardil) at a predetermined rate (kurina), usually one-twelfth the initial ante per point. If a player cannot or chooses not to buy their score, they are eliminated from the game. Play then proceeds to the next round.

As with vivizwerugza, many variants of this game exist, including other special initial hands such as the zero and one or a twelve of a single suit, and a common variant where players are dealt only one card to begin and must be dealt the zero to win. (In the last case, a player will call "ideybentikoy!" "I have zero" instead.)

[Shemtov]

Day 12:
Bàùʰ /pau˧˩/
"To dig"

Day 13:
Zhˀòʰ /ʈ͡ʂo˧˩˧/
"To carve"

[Iyionaku]

Again, an excellent write-up, shimo! Not only is it always great to hear praise of my own language, but thanks to your summarization I also read about interesting stuff from the other participants that I might have otherwise missed.

Also, I may have mentioned this before, but I'm still not fully used to seeing it spelled like "Shellian", even though I know how "Yélian" is pronounced!

Yup, you mentioned it before, in the last Lexember Interestingly, the spelling with "sh" is the older one in terms of real-world etymology.

Lexember 13 - Yélian

vaodasa [vaʊ̯ˈdaːsɐ] - to bet, to gamble
Etymology: vao- + dasa "to give". The etymology of the morpheme vao- is uncertain and it is not attested in any other word. It might be related to val "part". The corresponding noun "bet" is apín and is not related.

Marcu utlocanvaodaset can veliapínan. Te bicatscanaretaniet, cut parfi napsidespatet.
[ˈmaɾkʉ ʉtˌloːkɐnvaʊ̯ˈdaːsət‿ɐn ˌveːlɪ̯ɐˈpiːnɐn | tə bɨkɐt͡sˌkaːnɐɾəˈtaːnɪ̯ət, kʉ‿ˈpaɾɨ nɐpˌsiːdəˈspaːtət]
PROP too-much-gamble-3SG for sports_bet-PL | 3SG.MASC EVID-mostly-win-3SG, but actually almost-always-lose-3SG
Marc places too many bets on sports. He claims to win most of the time, but actually he almost always loses.

[Lorik]

Lexember 13th - Lohdan
sîvir ['si:viɾ]
To touch gently
Example:
Edîríd alin lonorelin sîvir an loho-dar.
[œ'di:ɾi:d ɑ'lĩ: lonoɾœ'lĩ: 'si:viɾ ɑ̃: 'loRo dɑɾ]
use-PL.IMP DEF.DU spur-DU touch.gently-INF DEF.SG horse for
Use the spurs to gently touch the horse.

tanâdir [tɑ'nɑ:diɾ]
To touch
Example:
Ùn-tanâdî an torov! Ku-sîlâ avar!
[ũ: tɑ'nɑ:di: ɑ̃: 'toɾov ku 'si:lɑ: 'ɑvɑɾ]
not-touch-SG.IMP DEF.SG pan 3SG-be-SG.PRS hot
Don't touch the pan! It's hot!

[zyma]

Day 13

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Hannaito (Entry 13):

pai /pai/ [ˈpai̯] (intransitive)
Verb:
1. to be touching, to be in physical contact, to come into physical contact
2. to arrive, to stop, to make a stop (often briefly as part of a longer journey)
3. to park (a vehicle); to make landfall, to dock
4. to reach, to stretch, to extend
5. to be valid, to be fair, to be legal, to be allowed
6. to be of use, to be worth something
7. to take effect, to leave a mark
8. to ache, to hurt, to be sore
9. to be ready, to be in position

Etymology
From Proto-Hannaito *pay "to slide, to pass, to rub, to abut upon, to be touching".

wiimu /wiimu/ [ˈβ̞ʲiː.mu] (transitive)
Verb:
1. to touch, to make physical contact with
2. to poke, to prod, to jab, to press
3. to bother, to disturb, to interfere with, to threaten, to harm (physically)
4. to affect, to concern, to relate to, to apply to
5. to feel, to handle, to hold, to cup, to grab, to grope
6. to feel around, to get a feel for
7. to keep in touch with, to interact with, to socialize with, to associate with, to meet up with
8. to use, to interact with, to employ, to wield; to play (a musical instrument)
9. to experience, to witness, to come into contact with
10. to treat, to heal, to mend
11. to mention, to bring up
12. to befall, to meet with, to be faced with, to be impacted by, to possess (a quality)
13. to catch, to discover, to surprise

Etymology
From Proto-Hannaito *wîrŋu "to touch, to poke, to prod".

wiimuën /wiimuən/ [ˈβ̞ʲiː.mũə̯̃n]
Adjective:
1. touchable, tangible, palpable, tactile
2. safe to touch, safe to hold, safe to feel
3. soft, smooth, comfortable
4. vulnerable, sensitive, weak, fragile, unimposing (physically)
5. reasonable, simple, accessible, easy to understand, easy to accomplish
6. sociable, gregarious, inviting, congenial, outgoing, extroverted, caring, friendly, flirtatious
7. vulnerable, open, available (emotionally)
8. usable, user-friendly
9. relevant, appropriate, suitable (of a topic or subject)
10. obvious, unhidden, unconcealed, overt

Etymology
From wiimu, from Proto-Hannaito *wîrŋu "to touch, to poke, to prod", + -ën, from Proto-Hannaito *lim "safe, secure, steady".

[Jackk]

Jackk:

Spoiler:

Thank you once again for the commments! It's great to see how some of the things I write come across

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13m Lexembr
kiglar /kajˈlar/ [kɐjˈlɑː]
- to miss, to not make it or an event or place on time or at all;
- to miss, not hit, to fail to reach a target;
- (reflexive) to screw up, go wrong, misfire, fall flat, to occur in a bad or incorrect way or to malfunction;
- (in mathematics) to exclude, not contain, as an element of a set or the target of a function

Etymology: from the seventeenth century in Boral as keilar, cuilar etc "to misfire, jam, fail to shoot", originally intransitive. It is a loan from Saxon kilen "to jam, clog up, get stuck or blocked", a verbal derivative of kil "wedge, blockage, jam". The reflexive use is somewhat later, after the semantic shift to a transitive "fail to hit"; the use in mathematics dates from the mid-nineteenth century to translate weglazen "omit" in Dümmeyer's foundational work in mathematical notation.

Dur sta savir si l'au y festeul kiglað ben scap en fait.
/dɪr sta saˈvɪr si lo i feˈstawl kajˈlaθ bɛn xap ɛn fet/
[dɪː sta sɐˈvɪː si lo i fɪˈstaw kɐjˈlah bɛn xap ɛn fet]
hard be.imp know if 3s=have.pst def soirée or escape from.it do-ptcp.pst
It was hard to say if he'd missed the party or escaped it.

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excerpted from 2014 popular history textbook The Fourth Burning of London, and other Screwups: the Eventful History of Things Going Wrong, written in collaboration with the Faculty of Domain History at the University of Huzatre [1] by writer (formerly and more famously of historical lovetales) Galarça fi Molhomé, who undertook her studies there.

…over four hundred and fifty geese.

Any scheme which is as convoluted as the ones we have seen so far in this chapter is almost certainly doomed, if only because—as they say in Leon—one cannot knit a veskit [a sweater] on a dozen needles. In the case of criminal plots, we might instead heed the advice of the original icon of masquira Matthias o Grallon: "Do not go to the moon to acquire a Jorala [2]". Every new step, every added conspirator is a potential collapse point, and nowhere is this principle more perfectly illustrated than the tale of the downfall of the Awasúconda [3] staddomain.

Situated upstream (several miles inland across the Camboshung Ridge from the older seaport town of Parnaven) on the banks of the Awasú, this region was a relatively late member of the band of export-based settlements along the spine of eastern Cappatia. Only in the early eighteenth century, with the development of a herd culture comparable to the more famous Mendevan examples, did the…

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[1] City in Vascony roughly coterminous with Bayonne.

[2] Landscape artist from Cazris (a town in Andalus), whose later work was influenced by the voidtale craze of the early nineteenth century.

[3] Region of Cappatia and the largest city in said region, having considerable overlap with Paraná.