Lexember 2021

Jackk · Post by **Jackk** » 18 Dec 2021 22:33

18m Lexembr
brogmoð /brɔjˈmɔθ/ [bʀʊjˈmɔh]
- mead, alcoholic beverage made from fermented honey and spices

Etymology: attested from the late ninth century in northern Old Boral bromiod et al. "bragget, mixture of mead and malt ale". The second half of the name is clearly a borrowing from Old Norse mjóðr "mead", while the first suggests a Latin *brocis (malt?). This could come from Gaulish bracis "malt" or perhaps a Borland Celtic *brax (?); either way it is almost cerainly of Celtic origin. The semantic shift to meaning just "mead" is hard to date, but is complete no later than the fifteenth century.

Nos sereu tout brogmoð beint e tort dell'ivan pascent.
/no seˈraw tut brɔjˈmɔθ bint e tɔrt ˌde.liˈvan ˈpa.xɛnt/
[no sɪˈʀaw tut bʀʊjˈmɔh bint e tɔːt ˌde.lɪˈvan ˈpa.xɐnt]
1p be-fut.1p all mead drink-ptcp.prs and pie of.the=child eat-ptcp.prs
We'll all be drinking mead and eating Christmas pie.

excerpt taken from the schoolbook The Story of Borland, published (originally in Boral as Y Stoir d'Istr Boral) for use in classrooms in 1982 by Cordin Editions.

…renewed influx into the petty kingdoms of Anglont and Sothbar, the migrants bringing with them new technologies and new vocabulary alongside. It might be these people in particular who give us our modern words for "happiness", "saw" and even "butterfly".

The mixing of the Germanic peoples of the south and west with the Romans of the east and north would proceed only slowly, however, for the next couple of centuries. The question of fealty (that is, whether any kingdom of the island would received official recognition and deference from the others) vexed the land, with conflicts leading to temporary alliances between Boral and Sothbar or Boral and Anglont depending on the political climate. Finally, in the early ninth century Roman king Stiglan married his son Marc to the only daughter of Alfegh of Anglont, unifying their kingdoms and forcing Sothbar to pledge fealty after the circa 810 N Battle of Fendal.

But at the same time as the tripartite situation of Borland was finally showing signs of stabilisation, Danish raids of the island's coast towns were increasing in frequency and strength. What incited the beginning of the Dane Supremacy in northern Europe in the ninth century has been much debated; it may have been advances in sail-making, or perhaps a series of bad harvests inspiring men to leave in search of wealth elsewhere.

Records from the Golfhaun sanctuary in particular show us…

Man in Space · Post by **Man in Space** » 19 Dec 2021 00:02

Day 18: *√gnk 'nutrition, wellness, exercise, training, self-improvement'
> *bognak 'training regimen, schedule'
> *ganąk 'convalescence, recovery'
> *gonek 'dinner, supper'
> *gonnek 'I diet, I fast'
> *oggonąk 'I exercise'
> *oggonek 'I care for, I heal'
> *oginek 'server, maître d''
> *ognąk 'I feed'
> *ognek 'I nourish'
> *olegnǫt 'health, good physical condition'
> *yognek 'I come to dinner'

Shemtov · Post by **Shemtov** » 19 Dec 2021 00:44

Day 15:
Gyˀèʰ /cçe˧˩˧/
"to drop [accidentially]"

16:
Kyèʰ /cçʰe˧˩/
"To drop [on porpuse]"

17:
Dwáʰ [twa˥˧]
"to throw"

18:
Twa̋ʰ [tʰwɛ˥˧]
"To project something using a tool- such as to shoot an arrow from a bow or to throw a stone from a sling"

Khemehekis · Post by **Khemehekis** » 19 Dec 2021 00:57

Shaleyan

DAY 12

lidash: (A) to turn around

Al ba dashok kan danaz phesu Pawolo had, al lidash.
3s of shoulder on tap be_felt_by Pawolo when 3s turn_around
When Pawolo felt a tap on his shoulder, he turned around.

DAY 13

okhay: (T) to desert; to abandon (a place)

Al ba moko ba shomuda ped khey al akhahas, lepus maphina okhay zeshu.
3s of husband of ghost be_seen_by start 3s as_soon_as old woman abandon house
Once she started seeing her husband's ghost, the old lady abandoned the house.

BONUS WORDS: akhahas: as soon as, once (akha, moment + has, from)
lepusoyumi: (T) to abandon (a practice, a friend, an ally) (lepus, old + oyumi, to leave)

DAY 14

palash: (A) to wander; to wander off

Namaya ba kiñi hel ishalakhophi, belaw al kopo palash.
Namaya of son COP autistic so 3s often wander_off
Namaya's son is autistic, so he often wanders off.

BONUS WORD: ishalakhophi: autistic (ishala, lonely + khoph, mind + -i, adjective suffix)

DAY 15

wabay: (A) to crawl

Eliwomad das paña salina sho pakalo wabay.
commanding but beautiful girl towards boy crawl
The boy crawled to the commanding but beautiful girl.

BONUS WORD: eliwomad: commanding (eli, high + womad, to sit)

DAY 16

sudu: (A) to dive

Mawa yan Nadali sudu ñad lepuma mey pabesh.
water into Nadali dive and lepuma with swim
Nadali dove into the water and swam with the lepumas.

(A lepuma is a Loch Ness Monster/plesiosaur/Lapras-looking Shaleyan animal with a skeleton made of cartilage, in case you were wondering.)

DAY 17

shukhid: (T) to swing (one's arm, a bat, etc.)

Ab nedi nekash ñad shukhid dezezewinoy.
1s just close_one's_eyes and swing wrecking_ball
I just closed my eyes and swung the wrecking ball.

BONUS WORD: dezezewinoy: wrecking ball (dezez, to raze + winoy, ball)

DAY 18

hizan: trampoline
Dates back to a word derived from the surname of the man who invented trampolines in the Refea Solar System, a Grey from the planet Tziel

Ab ba hizan kan pholaph is, yal shizel ab.
1s of trampoline on jump while PROG dream 1s
I've been having dreams, jumping on my trampoline.

That's it for this week -- tune in next week!

Mándinrùh · Post by **Mándinrùh** » 19 Dec 2021 04:53

Atili: ugram /ˈuɡ.ʁɑm/ - "sonnet." A sort of fourteen-line Atili poem that is written as a form of meditation and religious advancement. Nobility and other well-off people will write poems that attempt to divine the nature of the gods. Poems are then given to the local church order, and a priest will adjudicate them based on their poetic and religious merit. A book is compiled by the Tayl Etaryadi Tamaramuno Bigzusvi ("The Most Pious Order of the Central Place of Magic") of the best poems, called the Maduvil Ligram ("Book of Collected Poems").

Poetry readings (mamaduvikím) are frequent events at which priests will read any new poems submitted to the local order along with selections from the Maduvil Ligram and passages from the books of foundation and awakening appropriate to the season. These events allow everybody, including illiterate lower class people, to engage with poetry and scripture, thus demonstrating their piety.

An ugram consists of fourteen lines, split into three quatrains and one couplet. Each quatrain has the form
L L S L1 S L L2
L L S L1 S L L2
L S L1 S L2 S L3
L L S L3 S L1 L2

The couplet has the form
L L1 S L L2 S L L3
L L1 S L L2 S L L3

(Above, "L" indicates a historic long syllable or two historic short syllables. "S" indicates one historic short syllable. Subscript numbers indicate required rhymes.)

Man in Space · Post by **Man in Space** » 19 Dec 2021 06:33

Day 19: *√pyr 'cost, price, sacrifice, transaction, passing over, handing over'
> *bopyor 'traitor, mole, secret agent'
> *kawpyar 'price'
> *kopyar 'market'
> *oppoyar 'bribery'
> *opyąr 'I require'
> *opyer 'I pay'
> *poyąr 'criterion, requirement, rubric'
> *poyoyer 'I redeem'
> *wopyer 'I pay off'
> *yopyer 'I go to the market'

Khemehekis · Post by **Khemehekis** » 19 Dec 2021 06:48

Man in Space wrote: ↑19 Dec 2021 06:33 Day 19: *√pyr 'cost, price, sacrifice, transaction, passing over, handing over'
> *bopyor 'traitor, mole, secret agent'
> *kawpyar 'price'
> *kopyar 'market'
> *oppoyar 'bribery'
> *opyąr 'I require'
> *opyer 'I pay'
> *poyąr 'criterion, requirement, rubric'
> *poyoyer 'I redeem'
> *wopyer 'I pay off'
> *yopyer 'I go to the market'

Ooh, awesome! A triliteral root language!

KaiTheHomoSapien · Post by **KaiTheHomoSapien** » 19 Dec 2021 08:04

18th

tsáwam - I turn

tsaúkar - wheel

tsawéppam - I keep turning, rotate, revolve (-epp forms iterative/frequentative verbs)

Khemehekis · Post by **Khemehekis** » 19 Dec 2021 11:10

LCV categories for Week 4:

Published Material (Part IV)

Spoiler:

Entertainment (Part IV)

Spoiler:

More Entertainment (Part V)

Spoiler:

Life, Philosophy, Religion (Part IV)

Spoiler:

More Life, Philosophy, Religion (Part V)

Spoiler:

The mythical animals section of Animals (Part IV)

Spoiler:

The mythical animals section of More Animals (Part V)

Spoiler:

Music (Part IV)

Spoiler:

More Music (Part V)

Spoiler:

Musical Instruments (Part IV)

Spoiler:

More Musical Instruments (Part V)

Spoiler:

Iyionaku · Post by **Iyionaku** » 19 Dec 2021 11:11

Lexember 19 - Yélian

ʻárubran [ˈʔaːɾʉbɾɐn] - orchestra
Etymology: CBB loanword; from harubränüpür "orchestra", see here

Æ'clevani reo o'cleitaisolat roquetclevut a'árubranvitem on'Uzad Yélian!
[əkləˈʋaːnɨ ˈɾeː.ɔ̈ ɔ̈ˈklɛɪ̯taɪ̯ˌsoːlɐt ɾɔkəˈkleːʋʉt ɐˈʔaːɾʉbɾɐnˌviːtəm ɔ̈nˈuːɟɐd‿ˈʃeːlɪ̯ɐn]
DEF.CONC=music 1SG.POSS DEF.GEN=movie-favorite FUT-restage-INV.3SG.INAN DEF.ANIM=orchestra-famous DEF.GEN=city Yélian
The music of my favorite movie is going to get restaged by the famous Shellian City Orchestra!

Lorik · Post by **Lorik** » 19 Dec 2021 13:55

Lexember 19th - Lohdan
Halátur [Rɑ'lɑ:tuɾ]
Temple
Etymology: from haláv "sacred, holy" + -tur "place", literally meaning "holy place"
Example:
An halátur darratin sîlô Halárad-duc.
[ɑ̃: Rɑ'lɑ:tuɾ dɑrɑ'tĩ: 'si:lo: Rɑ'lɑ:ɾɑd duk]
DEF.SG temple god-PL be-SG.AOR Halárad-at
The temple of the Divines is on Halárad.

Lexember 19th - Adunî
Darshetet [dɑr'ʃɛtɛt]
Temple
Etymology: from darshet "god" + -et "place", literally meaning "god's place"
Example:
I darshetêt darshetê Halârad-ad.
[i dɑrʃɛ'tɛ:t dɑrʃɛ'tɛ: Rɑ'lɑ:ɾɑd ɑd]
DEF.SG.F temple\NOM god-GEN\PL Halárad.ACC-at
The temple of the Divines is on Halárad.

The Temple of the Divines, located in the city of Halárad, capital of Lôgrad, contains the shrines of twelve of the thirteen gods of the Lohtûrin and the Adunîyi.
The major god of their religion is Vîlor ['vi:loɾ], who is considered to be the mother of all the other gods. According to Drukal ['dɾukɑl], the sacred book of their religion:

[Vîlor] is the Holy Mother. She is Nature, She is Time, and She is Destiny. It was Her that gave birth to all of Creation. She is the Holy Queen of all the other Gods, for She is their mother. It is only Her that can give us salvation [...]

The shrine of Vîlor in the Temple of the Divines is twice as big as the other gods' shrines. It has a statue of Vîlor depicted as a woman holding a staff on her left hand and a sword on her right. On the right of the woman, there's a statue of a golden horse, and on her left, there's a statue of a silver horse. These horses represent Lhôr [ʎo:ɾ] and Vâl [vɑ:l], who are not only the first sentient beings that the goddess created, but also the ancestors of all horses on the world. They also serve as a symbol of the opulence of Lôgrad, for it is said that they are made of pure gold and silver.
The other twelve gods of their religion are: Talor ['tɑloɾ], Kolinta [ko'lĩ:tɑ], Anlan [ɑ̃:'lɑ̃:], Rana ['ɾɑnɑ], Angilina [ɑ̃gi'linɑ], Vâssa ['vɑ:sɑ], Ratan [ɾɑ'tɑ̃:], Annin [ɑ̃:nĩ:], Krun [kɾũ:], Elina [œ'linɑ], Bóga ['bo:gɑ] and Uruka [u'ɾukɑ].

Note: except for "Adunîyi", all the non-English words used in this cultural note are in Lohdan.

zyma · Post by **zyma** » 19 Dec 2021 16:07

Day 19

Hannaito (Entry 19):

büüsa /bʉʉsa/ [ˈbɯᵝː.sa] (transitive)
Verb:
1. to sing, to perform (a song)
2. to produce music (of an instrument)
3. to write, to compose (music or poetry)
4. to recite (poetry)
5. to utter, to pronounce, to say
6. to proclaim, to declare, to decree, to exclaim
7. to express, to state, to articulate
8. to pray
9. to greet
10. to celebrate, to laud, to praise, to extol, to commend, to glorify, to honor, to promote, to exalt
11. to cheer on, to root for
12. to dedicate (a building or something similar)
13. to name
14. to eulogize
15. to exonerate, to absolve, to acquit, to clear, to discharge, to excuse, to liberate
16. to venerate, to worship

Etymology
From Proto-Hannaito *buwsa "to sing, to call, to cry".
Usage notes
Music is of great cultural importance to the speakers of Hannaito. It's considered an integral part of any festival, religious ceremony, sporting event, or dispute resolution process.

shëseq /səseʔ/ [ˈɕɪ̈.seʔ] (intransitive)
Verb:
1. to sing, to vocalize
2. to call, to chirp, to tweet, to sing, to vocalize (of a bird)
3. to whistle, to hum
4. to buzz, to whiz, to whirr, to hiss
5. to make noise (of an object)
6. to whistle (of the wind)
7. to cry out, to shout, to scream, to bellow, to wail
8. to bark, to howl, to squeak, to squeal, to vocalize (of almost any animal)

Etymology
From Proto-Hannaito *kîcêq "to whisper, to whistle".

Now that we're beginning Week 4 of Lexember, I've taken some time to read through and comment on what other participants posted for Week 3. I won't necessarily comment on every single entry, but hopefully I haven't accidentally missed anyone's work entirely.

I Lorik:

Spoiler:

I'm going to have to find time to check out the thread you've made for Lohdan, likely after this month is over.

I Lorik wrote: ↑12 Dec 2021 13:43 Lexember 12th - Lohdan
povârir [po'vɑ:ɾiɾ]
1 To rein-back (i.e. to make the horse you're riding go backwards)
2 To walk backwards
Eytmology: pot [pot] "back, backside" + vârir ['vɑ:ɾiɾ] "to walk", literally meaning "back-walk".
Example:
Na-hurdârâ va loho povârir-duc.
[nɑ Ruɾ'dɑ:ɾɑ: vɑ 'loRo po'vɑ:ɾiɾ duk]
1SG-teach-SG.PRS 1SG.POSS.SG horse rein.back-INF to
I'm teaching my horse to rein-back.

vurâdar [vu'ɾɑ:dɑɾ]
1 To leg-yield (i.e. to make the horse you're riding go sideways)
2 To walk sideways
Etymology: vura ['vuɾɑ] "lateral" + pâdar ['pɑ:dɑɾ] "to go", literally meaning "lateral-go".
Example:
- Vi loho vâssô vurâdar?
- Ùn, ku-sîlô saríd pudav ráv-dar.
[vi 'loRo 'vɑ:so: vu'ɾɑ:dɑɾ]
[ũ: ku 'si:lo: sɑ'ɾi:d 'pudɑv ɾɑ:v dɑɾ]
2SG.POSS.SG horse know-SG.AOR leg.yield-INF
no 3SG-be-SG.AOR young too DET.DIST for
- Does your horse know how to leg-yield?
- No, it's too young for that.

I appreciate the explanations of these horse-related terms ("to rein-back", "to leg-yield").

I Lorik wrote: ↑13 Dec 2021 15:39 Lexember 13th - Lohdan
sîvir ['si:viɾ]
To touch gently
Example:
Edîríd alin lonorelin sîvir an loho-dar.
[œ'di:ɾi:d ɑ'lĩ: lonoɾœ'lĩ: 'si:viɾ ɑ̃: 'loRo dɑɾ]
use-PL.IMP DEF.DU spur-DU touch.gently-INF DEF.SG horse for
Use the spurs to gently touch the horse.

tanâdir [tɑ'nɑ:diɾ]
To touch
Example:
Ùn-tanâdî an torov! Ku-sîlâ avar!
[ũ: tɑ'nɑ:di: ɑ̃: 'toɾov ku 'si:lɑ: 'ɑvɑɾ]
not-touch-SG.IMP DEF.SG pan 3SG-be-SG.PRS hot
Don't touch the pan! It's hot!

I like the distinction made between these two verbs.

I Lorik wrote: ↑18 Dec 2021 13:12 Lexember 18th - Lohdan
dalînir [dɑ'li:niɾ]
To kiss
Example:
Na-dâkâ dalînî an talas va loho lôrar-ar.
[nɑ 'dɑ:kɑ: dɑ'li:ni: ɑ̃: 'tɑlɑs vɑ 'loRo 'lo:ɾɑɾ ɑɾ]
1SG-have-SG.PRS kiss-SG.PSTPART DEF.SG forehead 1SG.POSS.SG horse ride-INF-after
I gave my horse a kiss on the forehead after riding.

tahdîlar [tɑR'di:lɑɾ]
To hug
Example:
Anan tahdîlâ tu îlo.
[ɑ'nɑ̃: tɑR'di:lɑ: tu 'i:lo]
mother hug-SG.PRS 3SG.POSS.SG child
The mother is hugging her child.

Lexember 18th - Adunî
dhayme ['ðɑjmɛ]
To kiss
Example:
Yan dhaymeyo a lath kabir yane lora-ar.
[jɑn ðɑj'mɛjɔ ɑ lɑθ 'kɑbir 'jɑnɛ 'lɔrɑ ɑr]
1SG-NOM kiss-SG.PST DEF.SG.M forehead.ACC horse.ACC 1SG-GEN ride-INF-after
I gave my horse a kiss on the forehead after riding.

darlye ['dɑrljɛ]
To hug
Example:
I nanan darlye i ron hine.
[i 'nɑnɑn 'dɑrljɛ i rɔn 'Rinɛ]
DEF.SG.F mother-NOM hug-SG.PRS DEF.SG.F child 3SG.F.POSS.SG
The mother is hugging her child.

It's nice to be able to compare the example sentences in these two languages.

I Lorik wrote: ↑12 Dec 2021 13:43 The Lohtûrin have not domesticated dogs because wolves are considered a symbol of evil in their religion. While there are domestic dogs elsewhere in Tûdav (the continent where the Lohtûrin live), the Lohtûrin make no distinction between dogs and wolves, and they don't understand how someone could keep a wolf in their house.

I Lorik wrote: ↑16 Dec 2021 13:10 Adunî and Lohdan are spoken in neighbouring kingdoms. As there is a large flux of people between these two kingdoms, there are many loan words between the two languages. Usually, loan words from Lohdan to Adunî refer to horses, war and commerce, while loan words from Adunî to Lohdan refer to navigation and magic. Besides that, the two languages belong to the same family, which means they have many cognates.

I Lorik wrote: ↑17 Dec 2021 13:34 The capital of Lôgrad ['lo:gɾɑd], the kingdom where Lohdan is spoken, is Halárad [Rɑ'lɑ:ɾɑd] ("holy city"). The city is located in a valley surrounded by the Halávin Eridin ("Holy Mountains") by all sides except for a small gap in the South. Because of its location, Halárad is known throughout all of Tûdav ['tu:dɑv] (the continent where Lôgrad is) as the Impenetrable City.

Very interesting notes!

Iyionaku:

Spoiler:

Iyionaku wrote: ↑13 Dec 2021 08:50 Again, an excellent write-up, shimo! Not only is it always great to hear praise of my own language, but thanks to your summarization I also read about interesting stuff from the other participants that I might have otherwise missed.

Thank you so much! I'm glad that my comments are helpful in ways I hadn't even considered.

Iyionaku wrote: ↑13 Dec 2021 08:50
shimobaatar wrote: ↑12 Dec 2021 16:47 Also, I may have mentioned this before, but I'm still not fully used to seeing it spelled like "Shellian", even though I know how "Yélian" is pronounced!
Yup, you mentioned it before, in the last Lexember Interestingly, the spelling with "sh" is the older one in terms of real-world etymology.

Ah, there you have it! Well, at least I'm consistent. Maybe I'll forget and ask again next year.

Also, that is indeed interesting!

Iyionaku wrote: ↑12 Dec 2021 16:11 Lexember 12 - Yélian

ocasta [ɔ̈ˈkastɐ] - to be stuck, to be trapped
Etymology: continuative prefix oc- + asta "to stay, prevail, be held up, to skip (work)"

Sa vutret, sa yianarytepas pun bridauntas? Carat zifaucasten nabetál a'nákuniyn cerʻi.
[sa ˈvutɾət, sa ɕɪ̯ɐnɐɾˈʃteːpɐs pʉn bɾɨˈdaʊ̯ntɐʃ↗︎ | ˈkaːɾɐt cɨɸaʊ̯ˈkastən nɐbəˈtaːl ɐˈnaːkʉˌna̯iːn ˈkeɾʔi]
2SG INT, 2SG PST-NEC-really-jump-JUS.2SG in elevator | now here-be_stuck-1PLIN until DEF.ANIM=firefighter-PL arrive-3PL
You really had to jump in the elevator, didn't you? Now we are stuck here until the fire brigade arrive.

Bonus word:
bridauntas [bɾɨˈdaʊ̯ntɐʃ] - elevator
Etymology: bridal "rope" + otas "chair", literally "rope chair"

Iyionaku wrote: ↑15 Dec 2021 07:18 Lexember 15 - Yélian

eyiga [əˈɕiːxɐ] - to peel (fruits, vegetables etc.)
Etymology: from yigos "skin of vegetables or fruits", plus an older ingressive prefix e-

Barcai eyigei u'cletye desiy sat romuyut? U yaniys, upan yigos pumbut u'clétyipanaganan, plitʻaniys difecmuyvem fadnaʻimerlocan.
[ˈbaɾkaɪ̯ əˈɕiːxɛɪ̯ ʉˈkleːt͡ʃə ˈdeːsa̯iː sɐt ɾɔ̈ˈmuːʃʉt | ʉ ˈʃaːna̯iːs, ˈuːpɐn ˈɕiːxɔ̈s vʉt‿ˈɪ̯aːʋət ʉˈkleːt͡ʃɨpɐnɐˌgaːnɐn, plɨtˈʔaːna̯iːs dɨɸəkˈmuʃvəm ɸɐdnɐˈʔiːməɾˌloːkɐn]
ask-1SG peel-2SG DEF.INAN=fruit before 2SG.OBL FUT-eat-INV.3SG.INAN | TEMP one_side, below skin 3SG.INDEF exist-3SG DEF.INAN=vitamin-much.SUP-PL, on_the_other_hand COND-partake-COND.2SG pesticide-much
Do you peel fruits before eating them? On the one hand, most vitamins are below the skin, on the other hand, you might partake in a lot of pesticides.

From this past week, I'd say I'm particularly fond of how ocasta, bridauntas, and eyiga sound.

Iyionaku wrote: ↑13 Dec 2021 08:50 Lexember 13 - Yélian

vaodasa [vaʊ̯ˈdaːsɐ] - to bet, to gamble
Etymology: vao- + dasa "to give". The etymology of the morpheme vao- is uncertain and it is not attested in any other word. It might be related to val "part". The corresponding noun "bet" is apín and is not related.

Marcu utlocanvaodaset can veliapínan. Te bicatscanaretaniet, cut parfi napsidespatet.
[ˈmaɾkʉ ʉtˌloːkɐnvaʊ̯ˈdaːsət‿ɐn ˌveːlɪ̯ɐˈpiːnɐn | tə bɨkɐt͡sˌkaːnɐɾəˈtaːnɪ̯ət, kʉ‿ˈpaɾɨ nɐpˌsiːdəˈspaːtət]
PROP too-much-gamble-3SG for sports_bet-PL | 3SG.MASC EVID-mostly-win-3SG, but actually almost-always-lose-3SG
Marc places too many bets on sports. He claims to win most of the time, but actually he almost always loses.

Fascinating! And alas, poor Marc.

Iyionaku wrote: ↑14 Dec 2021 09:01 Lexember 14 - Yélian

valad [ˌvaːlɐd] - visa [Southern Standard]
visa [ˈviːsɐ] - visa [Northern Standard]

Etymology I: valad "sight", shortening of the official term valadmapǽr "visa", from valad + mapǽr "stamp"
Etymology II: from English visa.

USAGE NOTE: Both the Kingdom (Southern) and the Provinces (Northern) use the official term valadmapǽr, only the colloquial term differs.
Owing to different articles, a confusion with "sight" is not possible - the word with the meaning "visa" is in the inanimate class, the word with the meaning "sight" is in the conceptual class.

Cool!

The word valad reminded me of "validation", so I thought that might be a borrowing as well until I read the actual etymology.

Iyionaku wrote: ↑14 Dec 2021 09:01 iámea [ɪ̯aːməɐ] - to allow, approve (Government, forms)
Etymology: re-borrowing from the Old Yélian verb ianmega, which is also the root for the mood prefixes ian- (necessitative) and meg- (permissive).

Iyionaku wrote: ↑15 Dec 2021 07:18 clétyipar [ˈkleːt͡ʃɨpɐd̟] - vitamin
Etymology: from cletye "fruit" + cipar "acid", literally "fruit acid". The Yélians believed the acid of fruits to be the healthy part, and at least with Vitamin C, they were actually right.

fadnaʻimer [ɸɐdnɐˈʔiːməd̟] - pesticide
Etymology: from the terminative prefix fad- + naʻimu "pest (in agriculture)" + nominalizer -er. The core word naʻimu is newly coined as well, and is a CBB loanword from this discussion from 2014 that I found after playing with the search function.

Iyionaku wrote: ↑17 Dec 2021 08:45 Lexember 17 - Yélian

fadalpa [ɸɐˈdalpɐ] - to escape, outrun
Etymology: terminative prefix fad- + palpa "to run", literally "to stop running". As this is a quite old word, the stop assimilation (which is systematic in Yélian) is reflected in spelling, unlike in most other words.

Iyionaku wrote: ↑18 Dec 2021 12:50 Lexember 18 - Yélian

yarta [ˈʃaɾtɐ] - to blind (from light), to dazzle
Etymology: new root; might be related to yitar "star"

All very interesting!

Jackk:

Spoiler:

Jackk wrote: ↑13 Dec 2021 21:52 Thank you once again for the commments! It's great to see how some of the things I write come across

My pleasure!

Jackk wrote: ↑12 Dec 2021 22:27 in translation from the collected correspondence of Dewock Barclythe (1452-1539 N), Friar of Tremonow and for several decades the prime Factor of Records at the Brethin House there. This missive was sent in 1491 N along the Scholar's Chain—a branching route across western Europe in the late medieval period connecting many of the great centres of learning and theology—to an acquaintance at the Sovereign Library in Saint Marinus.

Saint Marinus = San Marino?

Jackk wrote: ↑13 Dec 2021 21:52
13m Lexembr
kiglar /kajˈlar/ [kɐjˈlɑː]
- to miss, to not make it or an event or place on time or at all;
- to miss, not hit, to fail to reach a target;
- (reflexive) to screw up, go wrong, misfire, fall flat, to occur in a bad or incorrect way or to malfunction;
- (in mathematics) to exclude, not contain, as an element of a set or the target of a function

Etymology: from the seventeenth century in Boral as keilar, cuilar etc "to misfire, jam, fail to shoot", originally intransitive. It is a loan from Saxon kilen "to jam, clog up, get stuck or blocked", a verbal derivative of kil "wedge, blockage, jam". The reflexive use is somewhat later, after the semantic shift to a transitive "fail to hit"; the use in mathematics dates from the mid-nineteenth century to translate weglazen "omit" in Dümmeyer's foundational work in mathematical notation.

Boral words with <Vg> /Vj/ are always a treat.

Jackk wrote: ↑17 Dec 2021 23:54 excerpt in Boral and English from sensation trevold [novel] While Gold Yet Runs in My Veins, a work in the giftale genre by Dutch author Carlyn van Stede. Originally published in 1965 (in Dutch as Zolang Gout dór myn Ádren Noh Vlóye), its parachthonic take on the genre follows several characters with extraordinary abilities and their adventures in sixteenth-century Italy and Hungary.

"parachthonic" is a wonderful word. Also, it's always interesting to see the Boralverse equivalents of natural languages, in this case Dutch.

Jackk wrote: ↑14 Dec 2021 23:24 [2] folk-etymological term in English—related to Norman carausser "drink alcohol socially"—referring to any preparatory celebration before a significant day (often a religious holiday).

Jackk wrote: ↑15 Dec 2021 19:58 [1] Named for the archangel Saint Raphael, patron of travellers and medical practitioners, Santrafew (Markish /sənˈtɹa.fəw/) is one of the earliest and most northerly New Provincial settlements, located at the mouth of the Becouin River [the Charles River]. It is roughly coterminous with Boston in Massachusetts.

[2] A Christian sect with an unsteady relationship to the Roman popes; their practices centred in particular holy places and monuments.

The trend of intriguing footnotes continues, unsurprisingly!

Jackk wrote: ↑15 Dec 2021 19:58 15m Lexembr
nau /no/
- (obsolete or poetic) ship, boat, sea-faring vessel powered by oar or perhaps sail;
- (obsolete) nave, the middle or body of a church building usually containing the pews;
- (archaic or dialect) navel, bellybutton, indentation remaining in the abdomen of mammals from where the umbilicus was attached before birth;
- (dialect, by extension) indentation, hole, result of drilling with an auger;
- (archaic or historical) bowl, dish, boat, utensil with a handle and spout used for serving and pouring sauces such as gravy;
- (with bel in the phrase bel nau) saying, affirmation, profession, creed, words and promises as opposed to material acts

particularly bel nau /bɛl no/ [ˌbɛwˈno] fine words, promises or flattery usually viewed as empty, insincere or hypocritical; literally "beautiful creed".

Etymology: in most senses originally from Latin nāvis "ship; nave of a church", both senses of which survive unmolested into various Old Boral forms nau, naf, nof etc (though some of these are likely imported from Old French). The form naf for "nave" wins out by the end of fifteenth century, while the form nau is retained primarily for the innovative use "dish with handle for sauce"; this presumably is motivated by the similar shape.

Meanwhile, in the western dialects of Sothbar et al, the Old English nafola "navel" enters Boral as nau(l) in the same sense. The meaning of "navel, indentation" is occasionally seen in other dialects (perhaps motivated by the hollow shape of a bowl) but never catches on completely.

The jump to "aphorism, short witticism (usually in bel nau)" is less clear. There are extant 1760s ceramics with sayings written around the rim, but the causality here could flow in either direction: it is either that sayings were first likened to a pouring sauce dish and the ceramics are a reference thereto, or else some enterprising potter decided to decorate their wares in this way and the semantic shift of nau comes afterwards.

Fascinating!

Jackk wrote: ↑12 Dec 2021 22:27 12m Lexembr
mozað /moˈzaθ/ [mʊˈzaθ]
- subjective, personal, depending upon perspective or outlook;
- fragmentary, sampling, representative, based on examples taken from a wider population;
- (in geometry) two-dimensional, planar, existing in a single slice of space with two degrees of freedom;
- (in medicine) cross-sectional, pertaining to or being a planar section of anatomy

Etymology: first seen in Boral in the thirteenth century, either in translation from Scholastic Latin muzātus "planar, pertaining to the Euclidean plane" or directly from Andalus (forma) mozada "two-dimensional figure". The latter appears several times in Tal of Murcia's 1211 work On Unknown Areas Scribed by Arcs, itself primarily a compilation of earlier advancements in geometry from Cairene mathematicians. The Latinised form suggests an adjectival derivation from a word *muzus, but in fact the resemblance is coincidental; Andalus mozada is loaned from Arabic مُسَطَّح • (musaṭṭaḥ) "flat, even, level".

Jackk wrote: ↑14 Dec 2021 23:24 14m Lexembr
toscivr /toˈxi.vr̩/ [tʊˈçi.vɐ] sandwich; meal of two slices of bread holding a filling, often of meat; (by extension) any arrangement of two objects, often broad and flat, on either side of a third

(in colloquial speech also) scivr /ˈxi.vr̩/ in the first sense above

Etymology: eighteenth century from Danish to-sciver (literally "two-slices"), in contrast with the somewhat earlier blecker (brøth) "open-faced sandwiches" served in taverns. The word arrives in Boral via immigrant communities in Damvath and other east-coast cities, and spreads as a working-class staple through much of northern Europe; see Markish shive, Norman techivre etc.

Jackk wrote: ↑16 Dec 2021 23:32 16m Lexembr
cair bel /ker bɛl/ [keː bɛw]
- (of weather) to be fine out, for the conditions outside to be pleasant, warm and sunny;
- (by extension, of a scene or scenario) to be going well, to turn out well, for people to be getting along or plans to be proceeding apace;
- (of people) to be content, satisfied or unconcerned, to take no issue;
- (by extension, pejoratively) to content oneself, to be oblivious to problems and think incorrectly that nothing is lacking or wrong

(An impersonal construction, only taking an optional dative experiencer.)

Etymology: literally "to happen beautiful", formed by analogy to many other uses of impersonal cair: for weather, as in cay ploy/sol "it's raining/sunny"; for events, as in cay je Lun "it's Monday"; and for periods, as in cay set hour "it's been seven hours".

The adjective bel "beautiful" descends uncomplicatedly from Latin bellus "pleasant, charming". The verb cair "to fall, to happen" is a somewhat hybridised descendant from Latin cadĕre "to fall, die, suit, happen" with a Vulgar form cadēre which exhibits a shift in conjugation.

Jackk wrote: ↑17 Dec 2021 23:54 17m Lexembr
jout /ʒut/
- mould, cast, die, a hollow form or frame for shaping a melted substance;
- pattern, template, stencil, an object whose shape is used as a guide;
- motif, figure, repeated element of a design in art, texiles or music

Etymology: an early Middle Boral deverbal of joutar "to cast (metal), to use a mould" first attested in the early thirteenth century. The verb is older, a tenth-century borrowing from Old Norse gjóta "to pour, cast, mould". Extension of the noun to contexts other than metallurgy is seen from the late fifteenth century in textiles, and slightly later in more metaphorical use.

Also very lovely!

Jackk wrote: ↑18 Dec 2021 22:33 18m Lexembr
brogmoð /brɔjˈmɔθ/ [bʀʊjˈmɔh]
- mead, alcoholic beverage made from fermented honey and spices

Etymology: attested from the late ninth century in northern Old Boral bromiod et al. "bragget, mixture of mead and malt ale". The second half of the name is clearly a borrowing from Old Norse mjóðr "mead", while the first suggests a Latin *brocis (malt?). This could come from Gaulish bracis "malt" or perhaps a Borland Celtic *brax (?); either way it is almost cerainly of Celtic origin. The semantic shift to meaning just "mead" is hard to date, but is complete no later than the fifteenth century.

Nos sereu tout brogmoð beint e tort dell'ivan pascent.
/no seˈraw tut brɔjˈmɔθ bint e tɔrt ˌde.liˈvan ˈpa.xɛnt/
[no sɪˈʀaw tut bʀʊjˈmɔh bint e tɔːt ˌde.lɪˈvan ˈpa.xɐnt]
1p be-fut.1p all mead drink-ptcp.prs and pie of.the=child eat-ptcp.prs
We'll all be drinking mead and eating Christmas pie.

VaptuantaDoi:

Spoiler:

VaptuantaDoi wrote: ↑13 Dec 2021 01:40
shimobaatar wrote: ↑12 Dec 2021 16:47 VaptuantaDoi:
I really need to find the time to properly read through your thread on Añoþnın, along with the other threads you've made this past year. I'm enthralled by what I've seen already, and I'd certainly like to learn more.
Thanks! I really appreciate the time you take to make comments on my and everyone else's work!

Of course! It's my pleasure.

VaptuantaDoi wrote: ↑13 Dec 2021 01:40
Iñınbih sıɂ ñiksuþnı bın o ıč buɂ kunto, sa ınsıčaþ ñeɂñı nıɂnı bı!
[ˈʔʉɲʉnbih ˈsʉʔ ˈɲiksuðnɵ ˈbʉn o ˈʔit͡ʃ buʔ ˈkundo | sɑ ˈʔʉnzʉʃɐθ ˈɲɪʔɲɵ ˈnʉʔnɵ bɵ]
ıñı-nabi-ko sıne ñi-kısuto-nı bın o ıče bu-nı kunto, sa ınsı-ačatu ñenı-ñı nıno-nı bı
NONP.PFV-spill-1SG blood PL-child-DAT 2SG.POSS of field sago-DAT on, if NONP.IMPFV-pay return-2SG father-DAT 1SG.POSS
"I will spill the blood of your children onto your sago field if you do not repay your debts to my father!"

A friendly reminder.

VaptuantaDoi wrote: ↑13 Dec 2021 01:40 Hohetłéneyéyesénı Lohılwéh
'wenwénwé [ʔwéŋ.wéŋ.wé] (var. 'wekwékwé [ʔwé.kʷé.kʷé]) vin. To wave; appear. vtr. To greet, make yourself seen, catch the attention of. PHLCF *kúɾúːɾú "wave at, greet", from AC burūru, a variant coexisting with būruru "to shake, surprise" (whence Añoþnın buɂno); PB *gúdudu~*gudúdu.

This is a fun word! It's nice to be able to compare it to the related word in Añoþnın.

VaptuantaDoi wrote: ↑18 Dec 2021 10:15 ñokčočkeɂ [ˈɲɔk.t͡ʃɔʃ.kɪʔ] (ñokačočekeno) n. A foreigner, outsider (more of a neutral term than bočo, which derives from the immitative MC bɔt͡sɔt͡sɔ). a. Foreign, alien. The singular form is not what would be expected diachronically; it appears that the it was influenced by a reanalysis of the plural ñiñkačehno: the expected underlying form would be *ñokatosekıno, but instead the singular is ñokčočkeɂ requiring underlying ñokačočekeno. It looks like at some point, the singular was so rarely used that speakers forgot or never learnt it alongside the plural, and when they required a singular form, they derived a new one from the plural. However, as there is still some similarity in the underlying forms, it appears that the singular form was never completely disused. The MC form is more consistent; ñɔktɔskɨɾ~-ñkɐtsɪkɾɔ; this corresponds as expected to AC ñukātusakaru; from ñukātusa "steppe, wasteland" (PB *i̯au̯kátu "tree" + -ti̯e "lack of") + actor nominaliser suffix -karu (PB *-tadu, *-kadu).

ča [ˈt͡ʃɑ] (ča) n. Alcohol; any alcoholic drink; often extended to refer to any intoxicating substance or drug. MC t͡sɐ~-t͡s, AC cē "beaker, wine cup"; likely from PB *ti̯éu̯ "hollow object, skull" but influenced by *ké(ke) "honey", as most early forms of alcohol required honey in their production to add sugar. Compare čačı "honey" and sas "skull".

Interesting!

VaptuantaDoi wrote: ↑18 Dec 2021 10:15
Insiñı ɂokñe čiiiiiɂ keɂ?
[ˈʔʉnziɲɵ↘︎ ˈʔɔɡɲe ˈt͡ʃiːːʔ kɪʔ↗︎]
ınsı-ñu-ñı ɂokıñe ča-nı keɂ?
NONP.IMPFV-have-2SG money alcohol-DAT for?
"Got any boooooooze money?"

I love the intonational notation here.

VaptuantaDoi wrote: ↑13 Dec 2021 01:40 Sekai
sáfe /sá.ɸè/ n. Blood. PN *sáhè, from PB *ti̯águ̯e.
toási /tɔ̀.á.sì/ a. Wet; moist, slick, slimy. PB *tɔ̀ɾásì, from PB *tau̯dáti "wet".
etó /è.tɔ́/ n. Grass, reeds. PB *i̯éà-tó, from earlier *ìéà, from PB *i̯éku̯a "grass".

VaptuantaDoi wrote: ↑18 Dec 2021 10:15 Hohetłéneyéyesénı
lono [ɮó.nò] n. (pl. lonolwéno) Leg (of a person); limb (of a four-legged animal); foundations, underpinnings. PHLCF *ɮúːɾòː, AC ñūnā, from PB *di̯áu̯gu̯a "leg, foot". Cıéth. gıųesoe, Féth. vesoe.
osáyıh [ósád͡ʒìh] a. Thin, narrow. PHLCF *óːɾàt͡sád͡ʒìsì, AC āracañisi, from PB *ádakediti "long"; later narrowed to refer to just long and thin objects, then lost the sense of long.
on [óŋ] n. Wing (of a bird); feather. PHLCF *óːnè, AC āna, from PB *ága ~ ái̯a "wing"; Cıéth. oene, Féth. vene.
tu'uné [tú.ʔù.né] adv. Very; an intensifier. PHLCF *tóːkùɾí, AC tākuni, from PB *tákugi "large, strong". Cıéth. qoehsí.

Sekai
ékátu [é.ɣá.t͡sù] n. Shaft, rod, walking staff. PN *ékátù, from PB *édekatu "axe, hatchet"
êú [ê.ú] vtr. Scoop up, collect; sift through, sort through. PN *héɔ̀ɾú; most likely a borrowing.
déikê [dé.ì.ɣê] vin. Float (on water); (of a person) sit in a canoe. PN *déɾìkái̯, from PB *dékideu̯.
itú [ì.t͡sú] adp. Surrounding, around the edges of. PN *hitú, from PB *kúgitu "shoulders, upper arms" (cf. Añ. kunto "upon", also an adposition)

Ckyo·ka
tlo· /t͡ɬɔː/ prep. Moving towards, in the direction of. Compare tlo·r "index finger" with body part classifier -r
ada·rsɨ /adaːʟsɨ/ a. Strong, powerful. adv. Forcefully. From ada· "muscle" + body part classifier -r + adjectival suffix -sɨ.
sgrot /sɡ͡ʟ̝ɔt/ n. Blood. sgro + liquid classifier -t.

Lots of excellent words, as usual!

Mándinrùh:

Spoiler:

First of all, I just want to make a general comment about how much I've enjoyed all of the detailed worldbuilding notes you've been including in your entries!

Mándinrùh wrote: ↑13 Dec 2021 04:21 Atili has a strong derivational verbal system where most verbs of motion are formed by putting postional markers, infixed postpositions and/or nouns, and andative and venitive markers to the verb uleni. I could spend all week pulling out words like wobhiteskuvnileni "to come climbing down a mountain" (etym. w- (infinitive) + ob- (andative motion along a slope) + hitesku "mountain range" + -v (singulative) + ni "down" + -leni "go"), but that's not very interesting, and there's not much else I could say about it than "it's a word that means 'to come climing down a mountain,'" so I'm going to do common recreational activities instead.

That's a wonderful idea!

Mándinrùh wrote: ↑14 Dec 2021 03:11 Each player is assigned a corner and their goal is to get the ball when it enters the court and kick it into their corner so that it hits the wall of the square between the two posts (and stop the other players from doing the same). This earns the player a point (tembu). If the ball strikes both walls inside the posts without hitting anything else in between, the player scores two points, which is called a bawva ("double"). After each round, players cycle positions (utubid) so that the same players are not always near where the ball enters the court.

The ball is not permitted to leave the ground at any time. If a player kicks the ball so that it goes into the air, the player loses a point. This is called an "air penalty" (dizamaklo). It is also not permitted to touch another player, and doing so will also cause the offending player to lose a point. This is called a "touch penalty" (dizatabat). Games are usually played to twelve, eighteen, or twenty-four points.

My apologies if I've accidentally overlooked the answer, but how long does each round last? Is there a set amount of time for each round, or does a round keep going until one of the players scores?

Mándinrùh wrote: ↑16 Dec 2021 04:01 * On Earth, the draconic year measures the time between alternate eclipse seasons, periods when lunar and solar eclipses are possible; however, I was unable to find a closer English term. Since Atil has no moons, the term is at least unambiguous in this context.

Ah, I'd never seen or heard the term "draconic year" before. Without this explanation, I might have assumed that it was a conworld-specific term.

Mándinrùh wrote: ↑16 Dec 2021 04:01 *** yatlem is sort of like a cran-morph in Atili. It is likely related to the word yatlek "to shine," but the exact relationship between the words in unclear. It appears only in the compound words yatlemnu and yatlemitan described above.

Very interesting!

Mándinrùh wrote: ↑17 Dec 2021 02:40 Atili: vobrazaeÿdu /vobˌʁɑ.ʒʌˈɛɹ.du/ - "hide-and-seek" (lit "run to hide," etym. vobras "run" + -za (purposive converb) + eÿdu "hide").

Mándinrùh wrote: ↑18 Dec 2021 00:58 Atili: dovnyeyli /dovˈɲɛɹ.ɫi/ - "pilgrimage, short trip" (etym. dovnye "road, journey" + -ili (diminutive)).

This is something rather small, but the apparent correspondence between <ÿ> or <y> and /ɹ/ in these words caught my attention.

Shemtov:

Spoiler:

KaiTheHomoSapien:

Spoiler:

Glenn:

Spoiler:

Glenn wrote: ↑15 Dec 2021 05:46 Lexember 2021 - Chusole:

Day 1:

sole /‘so.le/ – speech, language

solediu /’so.le.tju/ [‘so.le.dju] – to talk, speak; an act of speaking

-diu (/tju/, in practice [dju] due to intervocalic voicing) – suffix forming verbal noun/infinitive

kosisolekidiu /‘kho.si.so.le.khi.tju/ – to converse (with one another), hold a conversation (somewhat formal)

kosi- – “with”, related to comitative case ending

-ki- – reciprocal suffix

sosodiu /‘so.so.tju/ [‘so.so.dju] – to talk (at length), babble on (highly informal/colloquial)

sosókidiu /so.’so.khi.tju/ [so’so.khidju] – to chit-chat, gossip

sosoki /‘so.so.khi/ – a chat, informal/idle conversation (“I was just having a chat with Kinlei from down on the corner, and you won’t believe what she just told me!”)

The latter words show the use of reduplication of the first syllable as an intensifier, which can be applied to nouns, verbs, and adjectives.

The root sole also appears in the name of the language itself:

Chusole /’tʃu.so.le/ – “the people’s speech” = chu “people, folk, nationality” + sole “speech”

Very nice!

Glenn wrote: ↑15 Dec 2021 05:46 Day 3:

aga /‘a.ga/ – yes

kioh /khjoh/ [kxjox] – no

ma /ma/ – interrogative particle, neutral (“is it X?”)

malaga /‘ma.la.ga/ – interrogative particle, positive (“it is X, isn’t it?”)

This is neither here nor there, really, but the positive interrogative particle makes me think of this.

Glenn wrote: ↑15 Dec 2021 05:46 Day 4:

shy /ʃɨ/ – emphatic particle; focuses or calls attention to the word it follows.

Chusole is an SOV language with a fairly strict word order, but it can focus certain elements by fronting them, and I had decided, in part, that if an object were to be emphasized (yielding an OSV word order), it would be followed by shy to clarify and/or call attention to the fact. In reflecting on this, I realized that there could be some ambiguity as to whether the use of shy in a particular instance was indicating a fronted object or emphasizing a subject (although context would presumably disambiguate the two in most cases). I further wondered if shy could or would be placed after other fronted constituents, which might make its role in such cases something resembling a topicalization marker.

Interesting!

Glenn wrote: ↑15 Dec 2021 05:46 I have the info for Days 7-14 typed up already, but this post took enough time to prepare (and it's late enough here) that I will have to post them another day. Thank you to anyone who made it this far!

I look forward to your next post, whenever you have time!

Dormouse559:

Spoiler:

Dormouse559 wrote: ↑15 Dec 2021 11:14
shimobaatar wrote: ↑06 Dec 2021 02:56 I'm always happy to see more of Silvish, and I've enjoyed being able to compare the different "accents".
[…]
Finally, since the spelling you've used to represent the pronunciation characteristic of Moûtiers (the capital, if I remember correctly) isn't the same as the "standard" spelling, am I correct in assuming that standard Silvish orthography is meant to be at least somewhat representative of a broader range of dialects?
Thank you! I want to eventually flesh out several dialects to go with the accents. And you're right, the written standard is supposed to be somewhat accent neutral, and so it has no official pronunciation. (And Moûtiers is the capital.) I imagine Silvish culture assigning comparatively little prestige or stigma based on dialect because several varieties have stable speaker bases, but there may be pressure to speak more like the capital dwellers in mixed company.

Thank you for the explanation! I look forward to seeing more in the future.

Dormouse559 wrote: ↑15 Dec 2021 11:14
First of all, I love the word for God being, presumably, derived from "good God". I'm fairly certain I've seen this in some natural Romance languages and/or French-based creoles, and there's just something about it that I can't get enough of.
Yeah, I associate it strongly with French and other langues d'oïl. Don't know if there are any varieties where le bon Dieu is the default term, but it seemed like a plausible step. For gods in general, Silvish still has the non-compounded dyê.

Ah, that makes sense! Looking briefly at Wiktionary, Haitian Creole seems to have Bondye for "God" and dye for "god". Under the "Translations" section of the English entry for "God", the only translation listed for Walloon is Bon Diu (a red link), and - although I can't claim to be able to really speak or read Walloon - the entries for Bon Diu and Diu on the Walloon version of Wiktionary give me the impression that Bon Diu may be the default/most common, although not the only, name for "God".

Dormouse559 wrote: ↑15 Dec 2021 11:14 Catching up after a hectic couple weeks:

I hope everything's OK, all things considered!

Dormouse559 wrote: ↑15 Dec 2021 11:14 6 d' leksembro

[ADJ] de [NOUN] - (casual) marks an adjective as restrictive or mirative

In its restrictive meaning, this construction correlates strongly with definiteness and specificity. It sees particular use when both the adjective and noun are necessary for identification. For example, if a display contains cookies and cakes in different colors, you might say this:

Jho voudroi lo reuzo de guatté.
1S.NOM want-COND.1S DEF-ACC.M.C pink-ACC.M.C of cake
I'd like the pink cake.

That contrasts it with both nonpink cakes and pink cookies. If there were only cakes, the speaker would probably just say, Jho voudroi lo reuzo, leaving guatté "cake" implied.

The mirative sense is more neutral, register-wise, and tends to apply to indefinite nouns. In the example below, the noun mezyon "house" is modified by two adjectives, but only the mirative one, drolo "odd", goes before de.

Me tanta vî dyê un drole de petyou mezyon.
1S-POSS.NOM.F.N aunt live.3S in INDF odd-OBL.F.N of little house
My aunt lives in such an odd little house.

Oh, very nice!

Dormouse559 wrote: ↑15 Dec 2021 11:14 7 d' leksembro

teletravvà nmc - remote work, telework, telecommuting (calque < Fr. télétravail)

Aprê li pandemie, li-z empleiyê kontinyeron lo teletravvà ?
after DEF-OBL.F.C pandemic-OBL | DEF-NOM.M.N employee continue-FUT-3P DEF-ACC.M.C telecommuting?
After the pandemic, will workers keep telecommuting?

It's fun to see such modern/current vocabulary in a conlang, even if the associated current events are far from being "fun" themselves.

Dormouse559 wrote: ↑15 Dec 2021 11:14 8 d' leksembro

ku de poula nmc - mixing bowl (lit. "chicken ass")

Shamelessly stolen from French cul de poule with the same meaning.

Mekklê lo buro e lo çoukro dyê un ku de poula.
combine-IMP.2FORM DEF-ACC.M.C butter and DEF-ACC.M.C sugar in INDF ass of chicken-ACC
Combine the butter and sugar in a mixing bowl.

What an interesting etymology!

Dormouse559 wrote: ↑15 Dec 2021 11:14 9 d' leksembro

mezui adv - today (< Old Silvish mais "more" + ui "today", cf. OF meshui)

« Alora, kontra kin monstro ke nou nnou bbaten mezui ? » k' l' a boutó le Buffy.
so | against what.OBL.M.C monster SBRD 1P 1P fight-1P today | SBRD 3S have.3S ask-PSTP DEF-NOM.F.N Buffy
"So, what monster are we fighting today?" Buffy asked.

Dormouse559 wrote: ↑15 Dec 2021 11:14 11 d' leksembro

çhezedyeu nfc - a church, particularly a culturally or personally significant one (invariable; < Old Silvish chiesa Dieu "house of God")

Jho me sui marevava avoi tui granparï dyê li çhezedyeu de mon battemmo.
1S.NOM 1S-REFL be.1S marry-PSTP-F with 2S-OBL.M.N grandfather-OBL in DEF-OBL.F.N church of 1S-POSS.ACC.M.C baptism
I married your grandfather in the same church where I was baptized.

Dormouse559 wrote: ↑15 Dec 2021 11:14 14 d' leksembro

dekinxï nmc - fortnight, 14 days, two weeks; the day two weeks from the reference point, today+14 (< Lt. dies quindecim "fifteen days", cf. Fr. quinze jours)

Dekinxï first referred just to a period of 14 days, but the "today+14" meaning emerged because of its resemblance to weekday names (delun "Monday", demarh "Tuesday", demenkro "Wednesday" etc.). It often takes no article, but used adverbially with a definite article, it means "every 14 days".

Î fa dekinxï ke jho vézo pâ tui frarï.
3S.NOM.M make.3S fourteen_days SBRD 1S.NOM see-1S NEG 2S-POSS.ACC.M.N brother-ACC
It's been two weeks since I last saw your brother.

Lo konsé s' retreuva lo dekinxï.
DEF-NOM.M.C council 3.REFL meet-3S DEF-ACC.M.C fourteenth_day
The council meets every two weeks.

Dormouse559 wrote: ↑16 Dec 2021 05:23 15 d' leksembro

droçhé v - to fall from a height, like a tree, a building etc., but especially a mountainside (denominal < de- "from" + roçhe "rock")

Dyê çui filmo, un' alpenista â de seurvivre aprê ettre droçhéva d' un lorjhï.
in DEM-OBL.M.C movie | INDF mountain_climber 3S.NOM.F need.3S survive-INF after be-INF fall-PSTP-NOM.F.N from INDF.OBL.F.C cliff-OBL
In this movie, a mountain climber has to survive after she falls from a cliff.

I love these words as well!

Dormouse559 wrote: ↑16 Dec 2021 21:36 16 d' leksembro

frizà v - to scratch (< PG *hrītaną)
frizolyé v - to tickle (frequentative < frizà)

Germanic *hr- being borrowed into Romance languages as <fr-> always fascinates me, because on the one hand, I can understand the logic behind replacing an unusual onset cluster like [hr~xr] in words of foreign origin with a different non-sibilant fricative + rhotic cluster like [fr] that already occurs in native vocabulary, but on the other hand, I feel like simplifying the cluster to just [r] would be an easier "solution", especially given that the reflex of *hr- in most modern Germanic languages is just the rhotic by itself. In fact, I think that at least some Germanic *hr- words were actually borrowed into Romance languages with just <r->, which makes the instances of <fr-> even more interesting to me.

spanick:

Spoiler:

spanick wrote: ↑15 Dec 2021 20:10
shimobaatar wrote: ↑12 Dec 2021 16:47Oh, that's fun! What's the difference between buitsche and buike? Are they forms from different dialects?
They are from different dialects. Being descended primarily from Northern Old English varieties, Weddisch tends to have less palatalization like Scots rather than Modern English. However, this isn't a strict rule and there are plenty of words which do have palatalization. In some cases, there are palatalized and unpalatalized variants of the same words and morphemes being used. In this case, the

It looks like the last line might have gotten cut off. In any case, though, thank you for the explanation!

spanick wrote: ↑15 Dec 2021 20:10 Yemya is kinda like a rip off of Tocharian in that it is spoken incredibly far east in what is now western China except that it ended up being a satem language.

Lovely!

spanick wrote: ↑15 Dec 2021 20:10 Fell pretty far behind so I think I'm going to stick to Weddisch just to catch up. If I have time, I might post catch up words for Yemya too.

Completely understandable! I'd love to see more of Yemya, though, if you end up having the time and feel like "catching up" a bit.

spanick wrote: ↑15 Dec 2021 20:10 Weddisch
Lexember 11
gresmaumaschien (pl. gresmaumaschienes)
/gɾɛzmaʊmaʒiːn/
1. lawnmower

/ʒ/ is so characteristic of Weddisch in my mind! I figure that it probably stands out in particular because /ʒ/ is uncommon in native vocabulary in most Germanic languages.

spanick wrote: ↑15 Dec 2021 20:10 Lexember 13
rinne
/rɪnə/
1. (intransitive) to run
2. (intransitive) to flee)
3. (intransitive) to flow (of liquids)
4. (transitive ) to compete or perform by running

(strong 3, third person present rin, past tense ran, past participle runne, auxiliary wese)

This is the most ubiquitous word for “to run” but in the dialects which surround the Bremerhaven lepe /lɛːpə/ is also sometimes used to mean “to run” whereas lepe simple means “to jump” in the other dialects in which it is used.

Lexember 14
schêre
/ʒeɾə/
1. (transitive) to shear (sheep)
2. (transitive) to trim, prune (hedge, bushes)
3. (transitive) to shave
(strong 4, third person present schêr, past tense scher, past participle schorre, auxiliary hawe)

The meaning “to shave is most commonly found in the Western Dialects in the Netherlands while in the dialects found in German and Heligoland, the most common word for “to shave” is schewe /ʒɛvə/.

I love the notes on dialectal variation here!

spanick wrote: ↑15 Dec 2021 20:10 Lexember 15
slêtsche (pl. slêtsches)
/zled͡ʒ/ or /zled͡ʒə/ (spelling pronunciation)
1. sledgehammer

Weddisch uses final <e> as a silent letter to indicate that a final consonant is meant to be voiced rather than voiceless. However, this convention is most often used with words which are plural (e.g. visch /vɪʃ/ “fish” but vische /vɪʒ/ “fishes”). While this convention does sometimes show up in the singular, it occasionally get misread as a final schwa.

Excellent!

spanick wrote: ↑18 Dec 2021 01:36 Lexember 17

Weddisch
kêmpe
/kɛmpə/
1. (transitive/reciprocal) to fight
2. (intransitive) to struggle
3. (intransitive) to strive for something
(weak, 3S present kêmpes, past tense kêmped, past participle kêmped, auxiliary hawe)

vychte
/vɛɪxtə/
1. (intransitive) to fight, engage in battle or war
(strong, 3S vychtes, past tense vuucht, past participle vouchte, auxiliary hawe)

While vychte is cognate with the common English word “fight” it’s use has become much more restricted in Weddisch. Vychte is always intransitive and used in conjunction with the preposition vid “against” with its primary meaning to engage in battle such as: De rid vuucht vid de drek. “The knight fought (against) the dragon.”

In contrast, kêmpe is used much more commonly. It is the common word to use to refer to direct fights between individuals such as bar or schoolyard fights and is used for fighting sports like boxing.

Interesting!

spanick wrote: ↑18 Dec 2021 17:08 Lexember 18

Weddisch
vlyte
/vlɛɪtə/
1. (intransitive) to argue, quarrel
(strong, 3S vlytes, past tense vlaat, past participle vlitte, auxiliary hawe)

This doesn’t keep with this week’s theme of motion but it follows the semantic theme from my two words yesterday.

No worries about fitting with the theme, of course!

Man in Space:

Spoiler:

Titus Flavius:

Spoiler:

Khemehekis:

Spoiler:

Shemtov · Post by **Shemtov** » 19 Dec 2021 16:41

(Note: since the Qíʳ Bȁˀ Gàˀⁿhave a culture very tied into their calendar, and their religion revolves around astronomy, that will be the theme of this week, since it ties into Qíʳ Bȁˀ Gàˀⁿ culture)

Day 19:
Bˀïȁʳ /pjɛ:˧˩/
N. Planet

20:
Jóˀⁿ /t͡ʃõ˧˥/
N. Zodiac sign

Flavia · Post by **Flavia** » 19 Dec 2021 17:00

OK, then may I ask what that connection might be? It's fine if you'd prefer to leave it a mystery, of course.

Unnamed Infixlang has been scratched, but this was a borrowing.

Shemtov · Post by **Shemtov** » 19 Dec 2021 17:34

Screw it, I'm just going to do the rest of the week:
21:
Jóˀⁿ-Lha̋ⁿˀ /t͡ʃõ˧˥ ɬɛ̃˧˥/
"Month" (lit. Zodiac-period)

22:
Hműˀ-Jóˀⁿ-Zˀweʳ /ʰmy˧˥ t͡ʃõ˧˥ tswe:˧˩/
"Year" (lit. "small-zodiac-cycle)

23:
Dàˀ-Jóˀⁿ-Zˀweʳ /ta˩˧ t͡ʃõ˧˥ tswe:˧˩/
"The twelve year ritual cycle" (lit. "Great zodiac cycle")

24:
Bˀïȁʳⁿ-Zˀweʳ //pjɛ:˧˩ tswe:˧˩/
"Seven-year ritual cycle" (lit. Planet-cycle)

25:
Hmïőˀ-Dàˀ-Zˀweʳ /ʰmjø˧˥ ta˩˧ tswe:˧˩/
"84-year cycle of the intersection of the twelve and seven year ritual cycles" (lit. "Holy great cycle")

Mándinrùh · Post by **Mándinrùh** » 19 Dec 2021 21:17

shimobaatar wrote: ↑19 Dec 2021 16:07 First of all, I just want to make a general comment about how much I've enjoyed all of the detailed worldbuilding notes you've been including in your entries!

Thank you!

shimobaatar wrote: ↑19 Dec 2021 16:07 My apologies if I've accidentally overlooked the answer, but how long does each round last? Is there a set amount of time for each round, or does a round keep going until one of the players scores?

A round goes on until a player scores or a penalty is called.

shimobaatar wrote: ↑19 Dec 2021 16:07
Mándinrùh wrote: ↑17 Dec 2021 02:40 Atili: vobrazaeÿdu /vobˌʁɑ.ʒʌˈɛɹ.du/ - "hide-and-seek" (lit "run to hide," etym. vobras "run" + -za (purposive converb) + eÿdu "hide").

Mándinrùh wrote: ↑18 Dec 2021 00:58 Atili: dovnyeyli /dovˈɲɛɹ.ɫi/ - "pilgrimage, short trip" (etym. dovnye "road, journey" + -ili (diminutive)).
This is something rather small, but the apparent correspondence between <ÿ> or <y> and /ɹ/ in these words caught my attention.

This is a quirk of the Romanization. In the native orthography, the sounds /ɹ/, /ɹɫ/, /ɨ/, and /ɨɫ/ are all written with the digraph IL (the equivalent letters in the orthography). This is because front vowels in Atili are centralized before l: i /i/ > ï /ɨ/; e /ɛ/ > ë /ɜ/. And /ɹ/ happens to be the centralized version of /j/: y /j/ > ÿ /ɹ/. This distinction is phonemic because l disappears before another consonant, so where the l is gone, I mark centralization with the diaeresis. I've gone back and forth on whether to explicitly mark centralization before overt l, but I settled on not.

Other Atili dialects might pronounce ÿ as [ə̯], but I have based my descriptions on Ecclesiastical Atili as spoken in the city of Teremi.

Jackk · Post by **Jackk** » 20 Dec 2021 00:09

shimobaatar wrote: ↑19 Dec 2021 16:07Jackk:

Spoiler:

19m Lexembr
haucetr /hoˈtsɛ.tr̩/ [hʊˈdzɛ.tɐ]
- hawk, goshawk, any of several birds of prey of the genus Accipiter;
- (obsolete) predatory or rapacious man, man given to take by force or plunder;
- eagle-eyed, sharp-sighted, having exemplary vision especially at long distance;
- (by extension) perceptive, insightful, having notable intuition and powers of deduction;
- (historical) a type of early breech-loading and rifled gun developed in the eighteenth century

Etymology: attested in Old Boral as havcetre "hawk", apparently a blend of Latin accipiter "hawk, merlin", Late Latin aucellus "small bird" (the Norman austour "goshawk" suggests a Latin ancestor of *auceptor which clearly results from a similar process), and Borland English hauc "hawk".

Haucetr e corf le parlocn, symbol auspecer intermanent.
/hoˈtsɛ.tr̩ e kɔrf le parˈlɔ.kn̩ | sɪmˈbɔl ˌo.speˈtsɛr ɪnˌtɛr.maˈnɛnt/
[hʊˈdzɛt‿ʀe ˈkɔːf le pɐːˈlɔ.kɐn | sɪmˈbɔw ˌo.spɪˈdzɛː ɪnˌtɛː.mɐˈnɛnt]
hawk and raven 3s.acc flank-3pl | symbol prophet-adj constitute-ptcp.prs
The hawks and ravens around him are symbols of prophecy.

translation into Borlish and English of an excerpt from Estevan Mazon's 1893 work The Man from Everywhere (originally published in Leonese as El Hombre de Jallondes), released near the end of the Good Game period. The book's subject matter was subject to significant public scandal, and only the outbreak of the Millstone War could overshadow the senatorial debates over governmental funding of bookstores. Despite the scandal, the public's less-univerally negative reaction is a testament to the shifts since even the 1840s (see the flight of Antòin Herrel).

Pu ja es David y diabr d'annel portant; sell'ensignment haucetr e vign lousc des y brant cant il s'appenn contr y mur, tait soutan.
But David still has the damn ring, its hawk-vine engraving catching the firelight as they lean against the wall, suddenly silent.

Ag moment just ig Marc yem scið l'oc saluð (sey vray l'es cossy nommabr; sur sy jalicq ancour sechiscent es sanc des cavir occis) harmon bogr coll'ig seyon creut cos primer, luy es i dont y dos caf appoyað vars y mur.
Just as Mark is realizing that this welcome (if it can be called that; he has blood from being murdered still drying on his jalick) is of an entirely different key than what he first thought, he is the one with his back up against the wall.

David es tojorn le tenent pognað, il son combat parsount e soulor—
David is still clutching onto him, they’re fighting and then—

Soulor—
Then—

Soulor, posc cent annað, il no le son.
Then, after a hundred years, they are not.

Shemtov · Post by **Shemtov** » 20 Dec 2021 00:56

shimobaatar wrote: ↑19 Dec 2021 16:07

Shemtov:
Spoiler:
Shemtov wrote: ↑19 Dec 2021 00:44 Day 15:
Gyˀèʰ /cçe˧˩˧/
"to drop [accidentially]"

16:
Kyèʰ /cçʰe˧˩/
"To drop [on porpuse]"
This is an interesting pair.

A little bit of background:
There are five "Dialectical Complexes" of Qíʳ Bȁˀ Gàˀⁿ: Northwest, North, Central, South-Central, and South. What I am presenting is a prestige dialect of the Central "Complex", which has a genetic link with South-Central, but is marked by heavy North influences given a period of mass migration of proto-North speakers to the Central area. In South-Central proper, grammatical volition is a very important feature, but the North influence on Central erased much of its importance in Central, but it still shows up in pairs like this. Note that South, as opposed to South-Central, ran further with volition to the point that most South Dialects are split-S.
If you go further back, to Common Qíʳ Bȁˀ Gàˀⁿ, it was split from Ħa̠nese 2000 years ago, by invading Para-Göhöläki speakers from the North and Para-Fuhean speakers from the south and Early Common Qíʳ Bȁˀ Gàˀⁿ used a similar and related logography to Classical Ħa̠nese, but about 200 years after the split, they began to simplify it into a Syllabary (Middle Common Qíʳ Bȁˀ Gàˀⁿ) and in about 300 years to an Abugida (Late Common Qíʳ Bȁˀ Gàˀⁿ), contemporary Qíʳ Bȁˀ Gàˀⁿ being only a "Language" in the sense that "Chinese" is IRL, insofar that speakers of one "Dialect" may have no idea what a speaker of another one is saying, but given that the Abugida represents Late Common Qíʳ Bȁˀ Gàˀⁿ with some grammatical changes, will get the general gist of a written text in another "Dialect", though those Morphosyntactic changes marked in regional Written Qíʳ Bȁˀ Gàˀⁿ are likely to cause some non-understanding of the text.

spanick · Post by **spanick** » 20 Dec 2021 02:15

shimobaatar wrote: ↑19 Dec 2021 16:07 /ʒ/ is so characteristic of Weddisch in my mind! I figure that it probably stands out in particular because /ʒ/ is uncommon in native vocabulary in most Germanic languages.

I'm really glad to hear it! It's actually one of my personal favorite features of Weddisch.

Lexember 19

Weddisch
Laard Hauwún ~ Laard Halwún
/laːɾd haʊvʏn/ ~ /laːɾd halvʏn/
1. (proper name) Heer Halewijn, Lord Halewijn, Lord Halewyn

Lord Halewijn is a folkloric figure common to the lowlands. Folklorists unanimously agree that the Weddisch borrowed this story from other lowlanders after their arrival in the North Sea. In Weddisch tradition, Laard Hauwún is referred to as either a dêmon “demon” or a dúvel “devil.” However, it is commonly understood that Hauwún is a druy“witch, sorcerer” that has made a pact with the devil.

Hauwún sings songs to lure young women into the forest where he decapitates them. The main story of Hauwún revolves around a princess who is lured into the forest by Hauwún’s song. Thanks to a warning given by a magical, white bird (often understood to be the Holy Spirit in the form of a dove), she is able to kill Hauwún and escape.

In most Lowland traditions, the princess goes unnamed and is occasionally named Mechthild. In Weddisch tradition, she is always named either Methild or Isabêl. Some folklorists suggest that the name Isabêl is due to conflation with a similar story in English known as Lady Isabel and the Elf Knight, though the exact connection is uncertain. In some modern editions, the princess is aware of the danger posed by Laard Hauwún and purposefully goes into the forest to confront and kill him.

Traditionally, the story is told in the form of a lúet, a traditional style of folk music. While there are modern prose retellings, the story is always referred to as Det Lúet of Laard Hauwún.

Pronunciation note: The variant spelling/pronunciation is dialectal. The dialects of Heligoland and around the Bremerhaven do not have L-vocalization while the dialects located in northern Friesland and northern Groningen have full L-vocalization. The isogloss lies somewhere in the dialect within East Frisia.

Mándinrùh · Post by **Mándinrùh** » 20 Dec 2021 03:56

Atili: rulayh /ʁuˈɫɑjχ/ - orthodox (etym. rula "one" + -ih (participle)). The Orthodox Church (Rulayh Kutevi), or Orthodoxy (Rulayhkom) is the predominant religion on Atil. Despite the name literally translating as "the one church," the Orthodoxy is incredibly decentralized, with at least two dozen groups acting as coequal supreme authorities. It seems these authorities, known as the Most Pious Orders (Tamaramuno Bibigzusvi). Two of these orders are located in the nation of Teremi, the Most Pious Order of the Central Place of Aether (Tayl Etaryadi Tamaramuno Bigzusvi), and the Most Pious Order of Temrabolya (Temrabolyay Tamaramuno Bigzusvi). The latter, incidentally, is the newest Most Pious Order.

Besides the Most Holy Orders are the Holy Orders (Bibigzusvi). Holy Orders are either associated with a local church or are itinerant, performing services for smaller towns that do not have a permanent church.

The CBB

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