An Auxlang
An Auxlang
This is my newest auxlang.
Its vocabulary is mostly from English, quite much adapted, but other languages are used too. Some words are just made up.
Its syntax is topic prominent, cos I find it simpler.
It is "verb-heavy" in that it has a relatively small number of verbs. Verbs are still an open class. More complex meanings are expressed with nouns.
I try to have as many compounds as possible to make the language easily learnable.
I emphasize that this is still a project for fun. I'm not imagining somebody learns this.
Word classes
There are two open word classes: verbs and nouns. Then there are some grammatical words.
Verbs
Verbs do not inflect.
They always have one and only one syllable.
Verbs cannot be compounded or derived.
ka 'be, exist, have'
sa 'to know, be able'
tol 'to say, to talk'
Nouns
Nouns do not inflect.
But plurals are formed with reduplication. Simple nouns have full reduplication while compounds reduplicate only the first/head root.
Nouns can be compounded, the first one always being the head.
Noun roots always have two syllables.
Also take the task of adjectives
cildi '(one's) child'
cunal 'newspaper, journal, magazine'
femi 'femininity, being a female'
kaza 'house, home'
pazon 'person'
pazonfemi 'a woman'
pazonkaza 'inhabitant'
Its vocabulary is mostly from English, quite much adapted, but other languages are used too. Some words are just made up.
Its syntax is topic prominent, cos I find it simpler.
It is "verb-heavy" in that it has a relatively small number of verbs. Verbs are still an open class. More complex meanings are expressed with nouns.
I try to have as many compounds as possible to make the language easily learnable.
I emphasize that this is still a project for fun. I'm not imagining somebody learns this.
Word classes
There are two open word classes: verbs and nouns. Then there are some grammatical words.
Verbs
Verbs do not inflect.
They always have one and only one syllable.
Verbs cannot be compounded or derived.
ka 'be, exist, have'
sa 'to know, be able'
tol 'to say, to talk'
Nouns
Nouns do not inflect.
But plurals are formed with reduplication. Simple nouns have full reduplication while compounds reduplicate only the first/head root.
Nouns can be compounded, the first one always being the head.
Noun roots always have two syllables.
Also take the task of adjectives
cildi '(one's) child'
cunal 'newspaper, journal, magazine'
femi 'femininity, being a female'
kaza 'house, home'
pazon 'person'
pazonfemi 'a woman'
pazonkaza 'inhabitant'
Last edited by Omzinesý on 02 Aug 2022 21:35, edited 2 times in total.
My meta-thread: viewtopic.php?f=6&t=5760
Re: An Auxlang
Syntax
This is a topic-prominent language. That is, most sentences are of the pattern Topic NP + VP. Particle "a" can be added between the topic and the VP. Topics can be dropped.
The VP, the real clause, has SVO word order. If the topic corresponds to one of the arguments of the VP, it is not repeated there.
Pazonfemi (a) cildi ka. 'The woman has a child.'
Pazonfemi (a) sa pazonpazonkaza. 'The woman knows the inhabitants.'
Relative clause
A relative clause modifies its head noun like a genitive. The antecedent is the topic of the relative clause. In the beginning of a relative clause. Relative clause thus starts with the genitive particle.
pazon o tol 'a person that is talking'
If the relative clause has an own subject, i.e., the antecedent is not its subject, the topic particle "a" must also be used. "o" and "a" are written in one graphical word "oa".
pazon oa mi sa 'the person that I know'
pazon oa cildi ka 'the person that has a child'
This is a topic-prominent language. That is, most sentences are of the pattern Topic NP + VP. Particle "a" can be added between the topic and the VP. Topics can be dropped.
The VP, the real clause, has SVO word order. If the topic corresponds to one of the arguments of the VP, it is not repeated there.
Pazonfemi (a) cildi ka. 'The woman has a child.'
Pazonfemi (a) sa pazonpazonkaza. 'The woman knows the inhabitants.'
Relative clause
pazon o tol 'a person that is talking'
If the relative clause has an own subject, i.e., the antecedent is not its subject, the topic particle "a" must also be used. "o" and "a" are written in one graphical word "oa".
pazon oa mi sa 'the person that I know'
pazon oa cildi ka 'the person that has a child'
Last edited by Omzinesý on 02 Aug 2022 21:36, edited 3 times in total.
My meta-thread: viewtopic.php?f=6&t=5760
Re: An Auxlang
Phonology
Syllables are (C)V(l/n). Geminate "ll" and "nn" are theoretically possible but they do not appear within roots.
Vowels are the basic 5:
i u
e o
ä <a>
Consonants
p t t͡s k <p t c k>
b d g <b d g>
f s <f s>
v <v> z <z>
m n <m n>
l j <l j>
Syllables are (C)V(l/n). Geminate "ll" and "nn" are theoretically possible but they do not appear within roots.
Vowels are the basic 5:
i u
e o
ä <a>
Consonants
p t t͡s k <p t c k>
b d g <b d g>
f s <f s>
v <v> z <z>
m n <m n>
l j <l j>
My meta-thread: viewtopic.php?f=6&t=5760
Re: An Auxlang
I'm trying an oligosynthetic morphology.
ogan 'organ, body part'
oganden 'brain' "thinking organ"
oganvol 'foot' "walking organ"
ogansi 'eye' "seeing organ"
oganse 'genital' "sex-having organ"
atu 'agent, one who does'
atuden 'thinker'
atuvol 'walker'
atusi 'see-er'
atuse 'love maker'
cinu 'action, event'
cinuden 'thinking'
cinuvol 'walking, going by foot'
cinusi 'seeing'
cinuse 'sex, love making'
There is no risk of segmenting them wrong because all compounds are nouns and only the last modifying root can be a monosyllabic verb. Stress is also trocheic.
ogan 'organ, body part'
oganden 'brain' "thinking organ"
oganvol 'foot' "walking organ"
ogansi 'eye' "seeing organ"
oganse 'genital' "sex-having organ"
atu 'agent, one who does'
atuden 'thinker'
atuvol 'walker'
atusi 'see-er'
atuse 'love maker'
cinu 'action, event'
cinuden 'thinking'
cinuvol 'walking, going by foot'
cinusi 'seeing'
cinuse 'sex, love making'
There is no risk of segmenting them wrong because all compounds are nouns and only the last modifying root can be a monosyllabic verb. Stress is also trocheic.
My meta-thread: viewtopic.php?f=6&t=5760
Re: An Auxlang
Compounds are always quite lexicalized. To make one noun modify another in a more adhoc manner, the two nouns are juxtaposed but don't form a compound with respect to stressing.
bolu pasunli 'a child's ball'
nemi pelsivo 'the name of the town'
Two NPs cannot appear in line, so the nouns cannot be misinterpreted as two arguments.
bolu pasunli 'a child's ball'
nemi pelsivo 'the name of the town'
Two NPs cannot appear in line, so the nouns cannot be misinterpreted as two arguments.
Last edited by Omzinesý on 02 Aug 2022 21:00, edited 1 time in total.
My meta-thread: viewtopic.php?f=6&t=5760
Re: An Auxlang
1 In the beginning, God made the heavens and the earth.
Tamita a, gada me pelsigada an eta.
tami-ta a, gada me pelsi-gada an eta
time-start TOP, god make place-god and earth
2 The earth was without shape and it was empty.
Eta, no sepi ka, no cinoin ka.
eta no sepi ka, no cino-in ka
earth, no shape exist, no event-include exist
Deep water covered the earth and everywhere was dark.
Vata lova, su eta. Palsial a, latinu
vata lova, su eta. palsi-al a, lati-nu
water low/deep, cover earth. place-all TOP, light-NEG
The Spirit of God moved above the water.
Beta gada, mu su vata.
spirit god, move be_above water
3 God said, ‘There will be light!’
Gada tel "Fa lati a, ka."
hod say "JUSS light TOP, exist"
And there was light.
Te lati, ka.
then light, exist
Tamita a, gada me pelsigada an eta.
tami-ta a, gada me pelsi-gada an eta
time-start TOP, god make place-god and earth
2 The earth was without shape and it was empty.
Eta, no sepi ka, no cinoin ka.
eta no sepi ka, no cino-in ka
earth, no shape exist, no event-include exist
Deep water covered the earth and everywhere was dark.
Vata lova, su eta. Palsial a, latinu
vata lova, su eta. palsi-al a, lati-nu
water low/deep, cover earth. place-all TOP, light-NEG
The Spirit of God moved above the water.
Beta gada, mu su vata.
spirit god, move be_above water
3 God said, ‘There will be light!’
Gada tel "Fa lati a, ka."
hod say "JUSS light TOP, exist"
And there was light.
Te lati, ka.
then light, exist
Last edited by Omzinesý on 02 Aug 2022 21:01, edited 1 time in total.
My meta-thread: viewtopic.php?f=6&t=5760
Re: An Auxlang
The topic particle a
The simple rule of its use is that it is optional. It is not ungrammatical to omit it always or always use it.
The more complicated tendency-like rule is that it is usually not used when the topic is directly followed by a verb.
Mina, mu. rather than Mina, a mu. 'I'm moving.'
but
Palsi, a mina mu. rather than Palsi, mina mu. 'I'm moving in the place.'
Focus particle u
U appears in the same position as a. In Lambrecht's terms, it codes argument focus.
Mina, u mu. 'It's me who is moving.'
I palsi, u mina mu. 'It's that place I'm at'
The simple rule of its use is that it is optional. It is not ungrammatical to omit it always or always use it.
The more complicated tendency-like rule is that it is usually not used when the topic is directly followed by a verb.
Mina, mu. rather than Mina, a mu. 'I'm moving.'
but
Palsi, a mina mu. rather than Palsi, mina mu. 'I'm moving in the place.'
Focus particle u
U appears in the same position as a. In Lambrecht's terms, it codes argument focus.
Mina, u mu. 'It's me who is moving.'
I palsi, u mina mu. 'It's that place I'm at'
Last edited by Omzinesý on 02 Aug 2022 21:43, edited 2 times in total.
My meta-thread: viewtopic.php?f=6&t=5760
Re: An Auxlang
Pronouns
Pronouns take suffix -na.
mina 'I'
tina 'thou'
ina 'he/she/it/they'
Pronouns don't really form plurals but they are compounded as dvandva compounds.
imina 'me et al., i.e. we'
itina 'thou et al., i.e. you'
timina 'me and thou'
itimina 'me, thou, and they'
Personal pronouns can also be used as demonstratives. Because this is an auxlang it is not a problem.
Then they don't have -na.
kaza i 'the/this/that house'
kaza mi 'this house here'
kaza ti 'that house near you'
Pronouns take suffix -na.
mina 'I'
tina 'thou'
ina 'he/she/it/they'
Pronouns don't really form plurals but they are compounded as dvandva compounds.
imina 'me et al., i.e. we'
itina 'thou et al., i.e. you'
timina 'me and thou'
itimina 'me, thou, and they'
Personal pronouns can also be used as demonstratives. Because this is an auxlang it is not a problem.
Then they don't have -na.
kaza i 'the/this/that house'
kaza mi 'this house here'
kaza ti 'that house near you'
Last edited by Omzinesý on 02 Aug 2022 21:48, edited 1 time in total.
My meta-thread: viewtopic.php?f=6&t=5760
Re: An Auxlang
Plural
Plurals are formed by reduplicating the first root of the noun.
kaza 'building/house' -> kazakaza 'buildings/houses'
kazavo 'home' (living house) -> kazakazavo 'homes'
Plurals are formed by reduplicating the first root of the noun.
kaza 'building/house' -> kazakaza 'buildings/houses'
kazavo 'home' (living house) -> kazakazavo 'homes'
My meta-thread: viewtopic.php?f=6&t=5760
Re: An Auxlang
Vocabulary
Verbs
den 'think'
me 'make, create'
mu 'move (about) intr.'
ka 'exist, have'
sa 'know'
se 'have sex'
si 'see'
tel 'say, tell'
Nominals
beta 'spirit, soul'
cino 'event'
eta 'earth'
gada 'god'
lati 'light n.'
lova 'low/deep'
pelsi 'place'
_pelsigada 'heaven' (god place)
sepi 'shape'
tami 'time'
vata 'water'
Verbs
den 'think'
me 'make, create'
mu 'move (about) intr.'
ka 'exist, have'
sa 'know'
se 'have sex'
si 'see'
tel 'say, tell'
Nominals
beta 'spirit, soul'
cino 'event'
eta 'earth'
gada 'god'
lati 'light n.'
lova 'low/deep'
pelsi 'place'
_pelsigada 'heaven' (god place)
sepi 'shape'
tami 'time'
vata 'water'
My meta-thread: viewtopic.php?f=6&t=5760