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Re: False cognates
Posted: 21 Jun 2022 22:25
by WeepingElf
German Kapuze means 'hood' rather than 'coat', but the etymology you give is IMHO probably correct.
Re: False cognates
Posted: 15 Jul 2022 20:38
by k1234567890y
English stall and stable(noun.)
The former is ultimately from PIE *stel-; the latter is ultimately from PIE *steh₂-; however, it is possible that *stel- is a root extension of *steh₂-, if *stel- is a root extension of *steh₂-, the the English words will be true cognates, though a pretty distant one.
I posted this because I just found out that the Romanian cognate of English stable(noun.) is staul, which is reasonably similar to stall in spelling and pronounciation.
Re: False cognates
Posted: 15 Jul 2022 20:45
by WeepingElf
k1234567890y wrote: ↑15 Jul 2022 20:38
English
stall and
stable(noun.)
The former is ultimately from PIE
*stel-; the latter is ultimately from PIE
*steh₂-; however, it is possible that
*stel- is a root extension of
*steh₂-, if
*stel- is a root extension of
*steh₂-, the the English words will be true cognates, though a pretty distant one.
I am not sure, but I do think that
*stel- is indeed related to
*steh₂- in some way. It would surprise me if there was no connection at all.
Re: False cognates
Posted: 21 Jul 2022 15:08
by k1234567890y
WeepingElf wrote: ↑15 Jul 2022 20:45
k1234567890y wrote: ↑15 Jul 2022 20:38
English
stall and
stable(noun.)
The former is ultimately from PIE
*stel-; the latter is ultimately from PIE
*steh₂-; however, it is possible that
*stel- is a root extension of
*steh₂-, if
*stel- is a root extension of
*steh₂-, the the English words will be true cognates, though a pretty distant one.
I am not sure, but I do think that
*stel- is indeed related to
*steh₂- in some way. It would surprise me if there was no connection at all.
you are right,
*stel- could be a root extension of
*steh₂-, but currently we are not sure about this.
Re: False cognates
Posted: 26 Jul 2022 00:27
by Sequor
English mirror < Old French mireor (literally "watcher")
Arabic مرآة mirʔā 'mirror' (formed with the mi- instrument prefix and the root r-ʔ-y, cf. the verb رأى raʔā 'to see')
Although French Wiktionary informs me that at least one etymologist (Antoine-Paulin Pihan) thinks the French word is a borrowing from Arabic. I doubt it though: Ibero-Romance doesn't have the Arabic borrowing, Catalan has a similar formation but using a different suffix (mirall), and Old English apparently had sċēawere which is also literally "watcher"—maybe it's a calque in some direction or other.
Re: False cognates
Posted: 07 Aug 2022 00:08
by Sequor
English corner (a borrowing from Anglo-Norman / Old French, derived from Latin cornū 'horn')
Sanskrit कोण koṇa- 'corner' (a borrowing from Dravidian)
Re: False cognates
Posted: 10 Aug 2022 04:22
by Shemtov
Shoshoni /nɨwɨ/ "Shoshoni Person" vs Nahuatl <Nahua> /Nawa/ "Nahua Person". Despite being self-designations for Uto-Aztecan speaking people, that are of the form /nVwV/ these are unrelated. First of all, Shoshoni /ɨ/ corresponds to Nahuan /e/. Second of all, /w/ in Shoshoni can come from PUA *m, and there are other Numic languages where the form is /nɨmɨ/, and the *m>w shift is unique to Central Numic, and has no convergent shift elsewhere in UA .
Re: False cognates
Posted: 27 Aug 2022 04:57
by Sequor
Korean 많이 'a lot', pronounced [mani]
English many
Re: False cognates
Posted: 02 Sep 2022 22:15
by Sequor
Hebrew דֶּרֶךְ dérekh 'road'
Russian доро́га 'road'
Mandarin 道路 dàolù 'road'
Re: False cognates
Posted: 03 Sep 2022 07:53
by k1234567890y
Arabic وَسَط (wasaṭ) "middle, centre, waist" / Egyptian Arabic وسط (weṣṭ) "middle, centre, waist"
English waist
Re: False cognates
Posted: 15 Sep 2022 02:16
by qwed117
English
bezel vs.
bevel, both referring to sloping edges that are not perpendicular to a face, the former in gemstone cutting, and the latter in most other uses.
Both words are from Old French.
Bezel is from
biseau, a variant of
bijou 'gem', from a Breton
bisoù 'ring'.
Bevel is from French
baïf "open-mouthed, gaping", from Medieval Latin
bado, 'to yawn', of onomatopoeic origin.
Re: False cognates
Posted: 26 Sep 2022 05:29
by Dormouse559
heriot - a payment made to a lord on the death of tenant
I thought the word might be connected to
heir and
heritage, so ultimately from Latin
heres. The TV program that used the term said a heriot allowed a family to
inherit the land lease from their dead family member. Also,
-ot looks like a French diminutive. Turns out the term is purely Germanic, from OE
hereġeatwa, which literally means "army gear." That makes more sense in light of another meaning Wiktionary gives: the return of military equipment.
Re: False cognates
Posted: 29 Oct 2022 07:35
by DesEsseintes
Pawnee: piita(a)rau - husband
Sanskrit: पितरौ pitarau - father.DU.NOM
Re: False cognates
Posted: 29 Oct 2022 18:24
by Sequor
GrandPiano wrote: ↑09 Dec 2016 05:42 切 cit3 "to cut; to slice" -
cut
Also Vietnamese cắt, which is unrelated to the Chinese terms 切 cit3 and 割 got3 'to cut', cắt being < Proto-Mon-Khmer *kac 'to pluck, break'
Vietnamese bò 'water buffalo; cow'
Latin bōs 'cow, bull, ox' < PIE *gʷṓws
English better
Persian بهتر behtar 'better' < from به beh 'good' (< Middle Persian weh < Old Persian vahu) + comparative تر -tar
Re: False cognates
Posted: 04 Nov 2022 19:21
by k1234567890y
Chinese 蘿蔔 /lwɔ³⁵ b̥wɔ³/ v.s. Proto-Germanic *rōbǭ (cf. Standard German Rübe Swedish ruva)
Re: False cognates
Posted: 04 Nov 2022 20:07
by WeepingElf
k1234567890y wrote: ↑04 Nov 2022 19:21
Chinese
蘿蔔 /lwɔ³⁵ b̥wɔ³/ v.s. Proto-Germanic
*rōbǭ (cf. Standard German
Rübe Swedish
ruva)
Would you mind giving glosses? Most of us have no idea what the Chinese word even means.
Re: False cognates
Posted: 05 Nov 2022 17:20
by k1234567890y
WeepingElf wrote: ↑04 Nov 2022 20:07
k1234567890y wrote: ↑04 Nov 2022 19:21
Chinese
蘿蔔 /lwɔ³⁵ b̥wɔ³/ v.s. Proto-Germanic
*rōbǭ (cf. Standard German
Rübe Swedish
ruva)
Would you mind giving glosses? Most of us have no idea what the Chinese word even means.
Chinese
蘿蔔 means "radish" and is also used in words indicating "carrot"; also
蘿蔔 itself does not seem to be a morpheme.
Re: False cognates
Posted: 08 Nov 2022 07:07
by k1234567890y
more:
Chinese 臺 /tʰaɪ̯³⁵/ "tower; lookout; stage; platform; support; stand; base; etc." v.s. English dais
Re: False cognates
Posted: 08 Nov 2022 12:53
by Sequor
k1234567890y wrote: ↑08 Nov 2022 07:07Chinese
臺 /tʰaɪ̯³⁵/ "tower; lookout; stage; platform; support; stand; base; etc." v.s. English
dais
Not to mention 塔 tǎ 'stupa, pagoda, tower', plus the word "tower" itself...
I got the following regarding Mandarin from a website years ago, and I had forgotten to post them here. I made sure none of the following have been posted in the thread before.
背後 bèihòu 'behind'
English behind
簿 bù (bound morpheme meaning 'book'; appears in e.g. 相簿 xiàngbù 'photo album', 電話簿 diànhuàbù 'telephone directory')
English book
唱 chàng 'to sing'
French chanter 'to sing'
旦 dàn 'dawn'
English dawn
菲薄 fěibó 'meagre, humble, low-quality'
English feeble
過 guò 'to go over/through'
English go
忽然 hūrán 'suddenly'
English hurrying
譏 jī 'to jeer at, mock someone'
English jeer
決定 juédìng 'to decide'
Latin jūdicāre 'to judge, be a judge'
肯 kěn 'be willing to (do something)'
English can
口語 kǒuyǔ 'spoken language'
English koine
酷似 kùsì 'to resemble someone a lot' (like a child and their parents)
Latin/English quasi
蕾 lěi 'flower bud' (commonly used as a given name)
Hawaiian/English lei
馬 mǎ 'horse'
English mare < Proto-Germanic *marhijō
美麗 měilì 'beautiful'
Latin mel 'honey; darling' (attested as a term of endearment in Plautus and Cicero)
面 miàn 'face'
Latin mēns 'mind'
牧童 mùtóng 'shepherd (boy)'
English mutton
盤 pán 'plate, tray'
English pan
鯊 shā 'shark'
English shark
身體 shēntǐ 'body; one's health'
English sanity
實 shí (bound morpheme meaning 'true, real'), pronounced [ʂɨ˧˥]
English sure
師傅 shīfu 'master (of an art)'
English chief
頌歌 sònggē 'carol, hymn song'
English song
搜查 sōuchá 'to search'
English to search
孫 sūn (bound morpheme meaning 'grandchild, descendant' as in 孫子 sūnzi 'grandson')
English son
Classical Chinese 涕 tì 'tear'
English tear
投 tóu 'to throw'
English throw
偉大 wěidà 'huge, great; grand'
English wide
轉 zhuǎn 'to turn', pronounced [ʈʂwæn˨˩˧]
English to turn
GrandPiano wrote: ↑21 Jan 2015 21:10
How about English "give" and Mandarin "gěi" (traditional 給, simplified 给)?
This word used to have a -p even! As in the Cantonese pronunciation kap1.
Re: False cognates
Posted: 08 Nov 2022 15:59
by k1234567890y
@Sequor nice (:
however, there's at least one pair of word that might be true cognates:
馬 mǎ 'horse'
English mare < Proto-Germanic *marhijō
The Proto Germanic
*marhijō is from Proto-Germanic
*marhaz, which in turn from Proto-Indo-European
*márkos, and the Proto-Indo-European word might be from a wanderwort across Eurasian languages and is said to be from the same source as Proto-Sino-Tibetan
*k-m-raŋ ~ s-raŋ, and the Proto-Sino-Tibetan word gives rise to Old Chinese 馬 /*mˤraʔ/ (B-S), /*mraːʔ/ (ZS) ("horse"), the direect ancestor of Mandarin 馬 mǎ 'horse'. Also compare the word to Mongolian
морь (morĭ, “horse”), Manchu
morin, “horse”, etc.