Questions and indefinites
Re: Questions and indefinites
Géarthnuns
(1)
Cheths lav sít hödimtel?
[tʃɛθs lav sit ˌhødimˈtɛl]
who-NOM AUX.PRES.IMPERS 1SG-ACC watch-INTERR
Who is watching me?
Shahöcheths lav sít dimtel.
[ʃaˈhøtʃɛθs lav sit dimˈtɛl]
somebody-NOM AUX.PRES.IMPERS 1SG-ACC watch
Somebody is watching me.
(2)
Öçek lé chensat hötel?
[øˈɕɛk la ˈtʃɛ̃sat høˈtɛl]
2SG-NOM AUX.PAST what-ACC see-INTERR
What did you see?
Öçek lé shahöchensat tel.
[øˈɕɛk la ˌʃahøˈtʃɛ̃sat tɛl]
2SG-NOM AUX.PAST something-ACC see
You saw something.
(3)
Öçek la chensat hödravnath?
[øˈɕɛk la ˈtʃɛ̃sat høˈdɾavnaθ]
2SG-NOM AUX.PRES what-ACC do-INTERR
What are you doing?
Öçek la shahöchensat dravnath.
[øˈɕɛk la ˌʃahøˈtʃɛ̃sat ˈdɾavnaθ]
2SG-NOM AUX.PRES something-ACC do
You are doing something.
(4)
San la cher'ha höhan?
[ˈsan la tʃɛɾˈha høˈhan]
3SG-NOM AUX.PRES where live-INTERR
Where does she live?
San la shahödínsav han.
[ˈsan la ʃahøˈdĩsav ˌhan]
3SG-NOM AUX.PRES somewhere-LOC live
She lives somewhere.
(5)
Chak flahansap chegvenap la öçkek hönöi?
[tʃak flaˈhɑ̃sap tʃɛˈgvɛnap la ˈøɕkɛk høˈnøj]
DEF.PL flower-NOM.PL which-NOM.PL AUX.PRES 2SG-DAT be-INTERR
Which flowers are yours?
Sak flahansap zçaunenap la öçkek nöi.
[sak flaˈhɑ̃sap ʑɔˈnɛnap la ˈøɕkɛk ˌnøj]
INDEF.PL flower-NOM.PL some-NOM.PL AUX.PRES 2SG-DAT be
Some flowers are yours.
(1)
Cheths lav sít hödimtel?
[tʃɛθs lav sit ˌhødimˈtɛl]
who-NOM AUX.PRES.IMPERS 1SG-ACC watch-INTERR
Who is watching me?
Shahöcheths lav sít dimtel.
[ʃaˈhøtʃɛθs lav sit dimˈtɛl]
somebody-NOM AUX.PRES.IMPERS 1SG-ACC watch
Somebody is watching me.
(2)
Öçek lé chensat hötel?
[øˈɕɛk la ˈtʃɛ̃sat høˈtɛl]
2SG-NOM AUX.PAST what-ACC see-INTERR
What did you see?
Öçek lé shahöchensat tel.
[øˈɕɛk la ˌʃahøˈtʃɛ̃sat tɛl]
2SG-NOM AUX.PAST something-ACC see
You saw something.
(3)
Öçek la chensat hödravnath?
[øˈɕɛk la ˈtʃɛ̃sat høˈdɾavnaθ]
2SG-NOM AUX.PRES what-ACC do-INTERR
What are you doing?
Öçek la shahöchensat dravnath.
[øˈɕɛk la ˌʃahøˈtʃɛ̃sat ˈdɾavnaθ]
2SG-NOM AUX.PRES something-ACC do
You are doing something.
(4)
San la cher'ha höhan?
[ˈsan la tʃɛɾˈha høˈhan]
3SG-NOM AUX.PRES where live-INTERR
Where does she live?
San la shahödínsav han.
[ˈsan la ʃahøˈdĩsav ˌhan]
3SG-NOM AUX.PRES somewhere-LOC live
She lives somewhere.
(5)
Chak flahansap chegvenap la öçkek hönöi?
[tʃak flaˈhɑ̃sap tʃɛˈgvɛnap la ˈøɕkɛk høˈnøj]
DEF.PL flower-NOM.PL which-NOM.PL AUX.PRES 2SG-DAT be-INTERR
Which flowers are yours?
Sak flahansap zçaunenap la öçkek nöi.
[sak flaˈhɑ̃sap ʑɔˈnɛnap la ˈøɕkɛk ˌnøj]
INDEF.PL flower-NOM.PL some-NOM.PL AUX.PRES 2SG-DAT be
Some flowers are yours.
Last edited by Lao Kou on 23 Mar 2016 12:35, edited 2 times in total.
☯ 道可道,非常道
☯ 名可名,非常名
☯ 名可名,非常名
Re: Questions and indefinites
Kwëpta
(1)
Hua hwöthyat míne?
Yökutima hwöthyat míne.
Who watch.PROG 1S.ACC?
Someone watch.PROG 1S.ACC.
Who is watching me?
Someone is watching me.
(2)
Mit kútönenan síne?
Sína kútönenan hwëselva.
What see.PAST 2S.ACC?
2S.NOM see.PAST something.
What saw you?
You saw something.
(3)
Mit famöyat síne?
Sína famöyat hwëselva.
What engage.in.PROG 2S.ACC?
2S.NOM engage.in.PROG something.
What are you doing?
You are doing something.
(4)
Fënul asúmíras hane?
Hana asúmíras yökutfënul.
Where live.PRES 3S.FEM.ACC?
3S.FEM.NOM live.PRES somewhere.
Where lives she?
She lives somewhere.
(5)
Ríkonas sína kukai súr ?
Sína ríkonas kukai yökut.
Own.PRES 2S.NOM flower.PL which?
2S.NOM own.PRES flower.PL some.
Which flowers do you own?
You own some flowers.
(1)
Hua hwöthyat míne?
Yökutima hwöthyat míne.
Who watch.PROG 1S.ACC?
Someone watch.PROG 1S.ACC.
Who is watching me?
Someone is watching me.
(2)
Mit kútönenan síne?
Sína kútönenan hwëselva.
What see.PAST 2S.ACC?
2S.NOM see.PAST something.
What saw you?
You saw something.
(3)
Mit famöyat síne?
Sína famöyat hwëselva.
What engage.in.PROG 2S.ACC?
2S.NOM engage.in.PROG something.
What are you doing?
You are doing something.
(4)
Fënul asúmíras hane?
Hana asúmíras yökutfënul.
Where live.PRES 3S.FEM.ACC?
3S.FEM.NOM live.PRES somewhere.
Where lives she?
She lives somewhere.
(5)
Ríkonas sína kukai súr ?
Sína ríkonas kukai yökut.
Own.PRES 2S.NOM flower.PL which?
2S.NOM own.PRES flower.PL some.
Which flowers do you own?
You own some flowers.
- Sangfroidish
- greek
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Re: Questions and indefinites
(1) Mye üwermyos cis?
[mʲe ˈywɛɻˌmʲos kis]
1s.ACC watch-3s.PROG Q
Who is watching me?
Mye üwermyos hen.
[mʲe ˈywɛɻˌmʲos hen]
1s.ACC watch-3s.PROG person
Someone is watching me. lit. "a person is watching me"
(2) Cyo se ölläs?
[co se ˈølːæs]
Q.ACC 2s see-2s
What did you see?
Essäs se ölläs.
[ˈesːæs se ˈølːæs]
thing-ACC 2s see-2s
You saw something. lit. "you saw a thing"
Cyo ste ölläst?
[co ste ˈølːæst]
Q.ACC 2d see-2d
What did you two see?
Essäs ste ölläst.
[ˈesːæs ste ˈølːæst]
thing-ACC 2d see-2d
You two saw something.
Cyo ze ölläzon?
[co ze ˈølːäˌzon]
Q.ACC 2p see-2p
What did you lot see?
Essäs ze ölläzon.
[ˈesːæs ze ˈølːäˌzon]
thing-ACC 2p see-2p
You lot saw something.
(3) Cyo tenesyä se?
[co ˈtenɛˌʃæ se]
Q.ACC do-2s.PROG 2s
What are you doing?
Essäs tenesyä se.
[ˈesːæs ˈtenɛˌʃæ se]
thing-ACC do-2s.PROG 2s
You're doing something.
Cyo tenestyä ste?
[co ˈtenɛsˌdʲæ ste]
Q.ACC do-2d.PROG 2d
What are you two doing?
Essäs tenestyä ste.
[ˈesːæs ˈtenɛsˌdʲæ ste]
thing-ACC do-2d.PROG 2d
You two are doing something.
Cyo tenezyö ze?
[co ˈtenɛˌʒø ze]
Q.ACC do-2p.PROG 2p
What are you lot doing?
Essäs tenezyö ze.
[ˈesːæs ˈtenɛˌʒø ze]
thing-ACC do-2p.PROG 2p
You lot are doing something.
(4) Ärter cü he?
[ˈæɻdeɻ ky he]
live-3s.FEM Q.LOC 3s.FEM
Where does she live?
Ärter örta he.
[ˈæɻdeɻ ˈøɻdɑ he]
live-3s.FEM place-LOC 3s.FEM
She lives somewhere. lit. "she lives at a place"
(5) Eidäru syä cis tyale?
[ˈejðäˌɾu ʃæ kis ˈtʲɑle]
be-3p.MASC 2s.DAT Q flower-PL
Which flowers are yours?
Eidäru syä geräs tyale.
[ˈejðäˌɾu ʃæ ˈɣeɾæs ˈtʲɑle]
be-3p.MASC 2s.DAT some flower-PL
Some flowers are yours.
Eidäru stin cis tyale?
[ˈejðäˌɾu stin kis ˈtʲɑle]
be-3p.MASC 2d.DAT Q flower-PL
Which flowers are you two's?
Eidäru stin geräs tyale.
[ˈejðäˌɾu stin ˈɣeɾæs ˈtʲɑle]
be-3p.MASC 2d.DAT some flower-PL
Some flowers are you two's.
Eidäru zir cis tyale?
[ˈejðäˌɾu ziɻ kis ˈtʲɑle]
b-3p.MASC 2p.DAT Q flower-PL
Which flowers are you lot's?
Eidäru zir geräs tyale.
[ˈejðäˌɾu ziɻ ˈɣeɾæs ˈtʲɑle]
be-3p.MASC 2p.DAT some flower-PL
Some flowers are you lot's.
[mʲe ˈywɛɻˌmʲos kis]
1s.ACC watch-3s.PROG Q
Who is watching me?
Mye üwermyos hen.
[mʲe ˈywɛɻˌmʲos hen]
1s.ACC watch-3s.PROG person
Someone is watching me. lit. "a person is watching me"
(2) Cyo se ölläs?
[co se ˈølːæs]
Q.ACC 2s see-2s
What did you see?
Essäs se ölläs.
[ˈesːæs se ˈølːæs]
thing-ACC 2s see-2s
You saw something. lit. "you saw a thing"
Cyo ste ölläst?
[co ste ˈølːæst]
Q.ACC 2d see-2d
What did you two see?
Essäs ste ölläst.
[ˈesːæs ste ˈølːæst]
thing-ACC 2d see-2d
You two saw something.
Cyo ze ölläzon?
[co ze ˈølːäˌzon]
Q.ACC 2p see-2p
What did you lot see?
Essäs ze ölläzon.
[ˈesːæs ze ˈølːäˌzon]
thing-ACC 2p see-2p
You lot saw something.
(3) Cyo tenesyä se?
[co ˈtenɛˌʃæ se]
Q.ACC do-2s.PROG 2s
What are you doing?
Essäs tenesyä se.
[ˈesːæs ˈtenɛˌʃæ se]
thing-ACC do-2s.PROG 2s
You're doing something.
Cyo tenestyä ste?
[co ˈtenɛsˌdʲæ ste]
Q.ACC do-2d.PROG 2d
What are you two doing?
Essäs tenestyä ste.
[ˈesːæs ˈtenɛsˌdʲæ ste]
thing-ACC do-2d.PROG 2d
You two are doing something.
Cyo tenezyö ze?
[co ˈtenɛˌʒø ze]
Q.ACC do-2p.PROG 2p
What are you lot doing?
Essäs tenezyö ze.
[ˈesːæs ˈtenɛˌʒø ze]
thing-ACC do-2p.PROG 2p
You lot are doing something.
(4) Ärter cü he?
[ˈæɻdeɻ ky he]
live-3s.FEM Q.LOC 3s.FEM
Where does she live?
Ärter örta he.
[ˈæɻdeɻ ˈøɻdɑ he]
live-3s.FEM place-LOC 3s.FEM
She lives somewhere. lit. "she lives at a place"
(5) Eidäru syä cis tyale?
[ˈejðäˌɾu ʃæ kis ˈtʲɑle]
be-3p.MASC 2s.DAT Q flower-PL
Which flowers are yours?
Eidäru syä geräs tyale.
[ˈejðäˌɾu ʃæ ˈɣeɾæs ˈtʲɑle]
be-3p.MASC 2s.DAT some flower-PL
Some flowers are yours.
Eidäru stin cis tyale?
[ˈejðäˌɾu stin kis ˈtʲɑle]
be-3p.MASC 2d.DAT Q flower-PL
Which flowers are you two's?
Eidäru stin geräs tyale.
[ˈejðäˌɾu stin ˈɣeɾæs ˈtʲɑle]
be-3p.MASC 2d.DAT some flower-PL
Some flowers are you two's.
Eidäru zir cis tyale?
[ˈejðäˌɾu ziɻ kis ˈtʲɑle]
b-3p.MASC 2p.DAT Q flower-PL
Which flowers are you lot's?
Eidäru zir geräs tyale.
[ˈejðäˌɾu ziɻ ˈɣeɾæs ˈtʲɑle]
be-3p.MASC 2p.DAT some flower-PL
Some flowers are you lot's.
Re: Questions and indefinites
1.
Suq amkarthveq?
who ADE-watch-3SG.M»1SG
Who is watching me?
Kejk amkarthveq.
someone ADE-watch-3SG.M»1SG
Somebody is watching me.
2.
Seq settséz?
what see-2SG-PST
What did you see?
PetSettséz.
something-see-2SG-PST
You saw something.
3.
Seqs?
what-2SG
What are you doing?
Pets.
something-2SG
You are doing something.
4.
Heq hébejq?
where reside-3SG
Where does he/she live?
HeqHébejq.
where-reside-3SG
He/she lives somewhere.
5.
Slón isienslaten?
which flower-PL-2SG.POSS-3PL
Which flowers are yours?
DakIsienslaten.
some-flower-PL-2SG.POSS-3PL
Some flowers are yours.
Suq amkarthveq?
who ADE-watch-3SG.M»1SG
Who is watching me?
Kejk amkarthveq.
someone ADE-watch-3SG.M»1SG
Somebody is watching me.
2.
Seq settséz?
what see-2SG-PST
What did you see?
PetSettséz.
something-see-2SG-PST
You saw something.
3.
Seqs?
what-2SG
What are you doing?
Pets.
something-2SG
You are doing something.
4.
Heq hébejq?
where reside-3SG
Where does he/she live?
HeqHébejq.
where-reside-3SG
He/she lives somewhere.
5.
Slón isienslaten?
which flower-PL-2SG.POSS-3PL
Which flowers are yours?
DakIsienslaten.
some-flower-PL-2SG.POSS-3PL
Some flowers are yours.
Maxédri
Faljüdax
- prettydragoon
- sinic
- Posts: 442
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- Contact:
Re: Questions and indefinites
Rireinutire
yoku mana himekayo:
who.Q.NOM 1S-PTV watch-PRS-Q
Who is watching me?
miku mana himekava ::1::
somebody.NOM 1S-PTV watch-PRS-SENS
Somebody is watching me.
ta yokimu neakiyo:
2S.NOM what.Q-ACC see-PST-Q
What did you see?
ta mikimu neakivo ::2::
2S.NOM something-ACC see-PST-INFER
You saw something.
ta yokina teñekayo:
2S.NOM what.Q-PTV do-PRS-Q
What are you doing?
ta mikina teñekava ::3::
2S.NOM something-PTV do-PRS-SENS
You are doing something.
ha yoha umakayo:
3RS.NOM where.Q dwell-PRS-Q
Where does she live?
ha miha umakave ::4::
3RS.NOM somewhere dwell-PRS-HSY
She lives somewhere.
yoki rire tano yakayo:
what flower.NOM 2S-GEN be-PRS-Q
Which flowers are yours?
miki rire tano yakavo ::5::
some flower.NOM 2S-GEN be-PRS-INFER
Some flowers are yours.
yoku mana himekayo:
who.Q.NOM 1S-PTV watch-PRS-Q
Who is watching me?
miku mana himekava ::1::
somebody.NOM 1S-PTV watch-PRS-SENS
Somebody is watching me.
ta yokimu neakiyo:
2S.NOM what.Q-ACC see-PST-Q
What did you see?
ta mikimu neakivo ::2::
2S.NOM something-ACC see-PST-INFER
You saw something.
ta yokina teñekayo:
2S.NOM what.Q-PTV do-PRS-Q
What are you doing?
ta mikina teñekava ::3::
2S.NOM something-PTV do-PRS-SENS
You are doing something.
ha yoha umakayo:
3RS.NOM where.Q dwell-PRS-Q
Where does she live?
ha miha umakave ::4::
3RS.NOM somewhere dwell-PRS-HSY
She lives somewhere.
yoki rire tano yakayo:
what flower.NOM 2S-GEN be-PRS-Q
Which flowers are yours?
miki rire tano yakavo ::5::
some flower.NOM 2S-GEN be-PRS-INFER
Some flowers are yours.
Re: Questions and indefinites
Sunbyaku:
iri ne kanga ma nizasu?
who TOP 1S PAT watch-3S
irimi ne kanga ma nizasu
someone TOP 1S PATwatch-3S
salta ma nizurita?
what PAT see-PST-2S
saltami ma nizurita
something PAT see-PST-2S
salta ne nēta?
what TOP do-2S
saltami ma nēta
something PAT do-2S
nika wo sunsu?
where LOC live-3S
nikami wo sunsu
somewhere LOC live-3S
hyazo ī myen ne taiken?
flower GEN which TOP yours
hyazo ī yame ne taiken
flower GEN some TOP yours
iri ne kanga ma nizasu?
who TOP 1S PAT watch-3S
irimi ne kanga ma nizasu
someone TOP 1S PATwatch-3S
salta ma nizurita?
what PAT see-PST-2S
saltami ma nizurita
something PAT see-PST-2S
salta ne nēta?
what TOP do-2S
saltami ma nēta
something PAT do-2S
nika wo sunsu?
where LOC live-3S
nikami wo sunsu
somewhere LOC live-3S
hyazo ī myen ne taiken?
flower GEN which TOP yours
hyazo ī yame ne taiken
flower GEN some TOP yours
Nūdenku waga honji ma naku honyasi ne ika-ika ichamase!
female-appearance=despite boy-voice=PAT hold boy-youth=TOP very be.cute-3PL
Honyasi zō honyasi ma naidasu.
boy-youth=AGT boy-youth=PAT love.romantically-3S
female-appearance=despite boy-voice=PAT hold boy-youth=TOP very be.cute-3PL
Honyasi zō honyasi ma naidasu.
boy-youth=AGT boy-youth=PAT love.romantically-3S
Re: Questions and indefinites
Swahili:
Swahili basically just uses generic nouns which can be followed by fulani "some"
(1)
Who is watching me?
Somebody is watching me.
Nani ananiangalia?
nani a-na-ni-angali-a
who 3s-PRES-1s-look.at-Ø
Mtu ananiangalia.
mtu a-na-ni-angali-a
person 3s-PRES-1s-look.at-Ø
(2)
What did you see?
You saw something.
Uliona nini?
u-li-on-a nini
2s-PST-see-Ø what
Uliona kitu.
u-li-on-a kitu
2s-PST-see-Ø concrete.thing
(3)
What are you doing?
You are doing something.
Unafanya nini?
u-na-fany-a nini
2s-PRES-do/make-Ø what
Unafanya jambo
u-na-fany-a jamvo
2s-PRES-do/make-Ø abstract.thing
(4)
Where does she live?
She lives somewhere.
Anakaa wapi?
a-na-ka-a wapi
3s-PRES-sit/reside-Ø where
Anakaa mahali
a-na-ka-a mahali
3s-PRES-sit/reside-Ø place(LOC)
(5)
Which flowers are yours?
Some flowers are yours.
Maua gani ni yako.
maua gani ni y-ako
flowers(CL6) which PRES.COP CL6-GEN.2s
Maua fulani ni yako.
maua fulani ni y-ako
flowers(CL6) certain PRES.COP CL6-GEN.2s
Swahili basically just uses generic nouns which can be followed by fulani "some"
(1)
Who is watching me?
Somebody is watching me.
Nani ananiangalia?
nani a-na-ni-angali-a
who 3s-PRES-1s-look.at-Ø
Mtu ananiangalia.
mtu a-na-ni-angali-a
person 3s-PRES-1s-look.at-Ø
(2)
What did you see?
You saw something.
Uliona nini?
u-li-on-a nini
2s-PST-see-Ø what
Uliona kitu.
u-li-on-a kitu
2s-PST-see-Ø concrete.thing
(3)
What are you doing?
You are doing something.
Unafanya nini?
u-na-fany-a nini
2s-PRES-do/make-Ø what
Unafanya jambo
u-na-fany-a jamvo
2s-PRES-do/make-Ø abstract.thing
(4)
Where does she live?
She lives somewhere.
Anakaa wapi?
a-na-ka-a wapi
3s-PRES-sit/reside-Ø where
Anakaa mahali
a-na-ka-a mahali
3s-PRES-sit/reside-Ø place(LOC)
(5)
Which flowers are yours?
Some flowers are yours.
Maua gani ni yako.
maua gani ni y-ako
flowers(CL6) which PRES.COP CL6-GEN.2s
Maua fulani ni yako.
maua fulani ni y-ako
flowers(CL6) certain PRES.COP CL6-GEN.2s
Glossing Abbreviations: COMP = comparative, C = complementiser, ACS / ICS = accessible / inaccessible, GDV = gerundive, SPEC / NSPC = specific / non-specific, AG = agent, E = entity (person, animal, thing)
________
MY MUSIC | MY PLANTS
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MY MUSIC | MY PLANTS
- alynnidalar
- greek
- Posts: 700
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- Location: Michigan, USA
Re: Questions and indefinites
Tirina
(1)
Todohiewo'orlin toyi ahu?
MASC-INTERR-see-HAB who 1.SG.FEM
Who is watching me?
Toewo'orlin ın ahu.
MASC-see-HAB INDEF.SG.ANIM 1.SG.FEM
Somebody is watching me. (or "they" are watching me)
(2)
Todohiewo'orda yes frosa?
MASC-INTERR-see-PST 2.SG.MASC what
What did you see?
Toewo'orda yes oro.
MASC-see-PST 2.SG.MASC INDEF.SG.INAN
You saw something.
(3)
Todohiemuin yes toyi?
MASC-INTERR-do 2.SG.MASC who
What are you doing?
Toemuin yes oro.
MASC-do 2.SG.MASC INDEF.SG.INAN
You are doing something.
(4)
Nadohirakan ha loa?
FEM-INTERR-live 3.SG.FEM where
Where does she live?
Anirakan ha tewa deyirn.
FEM-live 3.SG.FEM in place
She lives somewhere.
(5)
Frosa uteas niyes?
what flower 3.SG.MASC.POSS
Which flowers are yours?
Anar uteas niyes.
some flower 3.SG.MASC.POSS
Some flowers are yours.
(1)
Todohiewo'orlin toyi ahu?
MASC-INTERR-see-HAB who 1.SG.FEM
Who is watching me?
Toewo'orlin ın ahu.
MASC-see-HAB INDEF.SG.ANIM 1.SG.FEM
Somebody is watching me. (or "they" are watching me)
(2)
Todohiewo'orda yes frosa?
MASC-INTERR-see-PST 2.SG.MASC what
What did you see?
Toewo'orda yes oro.
MASC-see-PST 2.SG.MASC INDEF.SG.INAN
You saw something.
(3)
Todohiemuin yes toyi?
MASC-INTERR-do 2.SG.MASC who
What are you doing?
Toemuin yes oro.
MASC-do 2.SG.MASC INDEF.SG.INAN
You are doing something.
(4)
Nadohirakan ha loa?
FEM-INTERR-live 3.SG.FEM where
Where does she live?
Anirakan ha tewa deyirn.
FEM-live 3.SG.FEM in place
She lives somewhere.
(5)
Frosa uteas niyes?
what flower 3.SG.MASC.POSS
Which flowers are yours?
Anar uteas niyes.
some flower 3.SG.MASC.POSS
Some flowers are yours.
-
- mayan
- Posts: 2080
- Joined: 11 Jan 2015 23:22
- Location: USA
Re: Questions and indefinites
Japanese
Japanese forms indefinite pronouns by adding the question particle か ka after the equivalent interrogative pronoun.
Using the most neutral pronouns in terms of gender and politeness and the polite forms of verbs:
(1)
誰が私を見ていますか。
Dare ga watashi o mite imasu ka?
[dáɾe ga ɰᵝataɕi o míte imásɯ̥ᵝ ka]
dare ga watashi o mi-te i-masu ka
who SBJ 1SG OBJ watch-CONJ be-PRS.AFF.POL Q
Who is watching me?
誰かが私を見ています。
Dare ka ga watashi o mite imasu.
[dáɾe ka ga ɰᵝataɕi o míte imásɯ̥ᵝ]
dare ka ga watashi o mi-te i-masu
who Q SBJ 1SG OBJ watch-CONJ be-PRS.AFF.POL
Somebody is watching me.
(2)
(あなたは)何を見ましたか。 (the "you" can be left out in most cases)
(Anata wa) nani o mimashita ka?
[(anáta ɰᵝa) náni o mimáɕi̥ta ka]
(anata wa) nani o mi-mashita ka
(2SG TOP) what OBJ see-PST.AFF.POL Q
What did you see?
(あなたは)何かを見ました。
(Anata wa) nani ka o mimashita.
[(anáta ɰᵝa) náni ka o mimáɕi̥ta]
(anata wa) nani ka o mi-mashita
(2SG TOP) what Q OBJ see-PST.AFF.POL
You saw something.
(3)
(あなたは)何をしていますか。
(Anata wa) nani o shite imasu ka?
[(anáta ɰᵝa) náni o ɕi̥te imásɯ̥ᵝ ka]
(anata wa) nani o shi-te i-masu ka
(2SG TOP) what OBJ do-CONJ be-PRS.IND.POL Q
What are you doing?
(あなたは)何かをしています。
(Anata wa) nani ka o shite imasu.
[(anáta ɰᵝa) náni ka o ɕi̥te imásɯ̥ᵝ]
(anata wa) nani o shi-te i-masu ka
(2SG TOP) what OBJ do-CONJ be-PRS.IND.POL Q
You are doing something.
(4)
彼女はどこに住んでいますか。 (the 彼女は kanojo wa "she" could be optional as well)
Kanojo wa doko ni sunde imasu ka?
[kánod͡ʑo ɰᵝa dóko ni sɯ́ᵝnde imásɯ̥ᵝ ka]
kanojo wa doko ni su-nde i-masu ka
3SG.F TOP where at live-CONJ be-PRS.IND.POL Q
Where does she live?
彼女はどこかに住んでいます。
Kanojo wa doko ka ni sunde imasu.
[kánod͡ʑo ɰᵝa dóko ka ni sɯ́ᵝnde imásɯ̥ᵝ]
kanojo wa doko ka ni su-nde i-masu
3SG.F TOP where Q at live-CONJ be-PRS.IND.POL
She lives somewhere.
(5)
どの花があなたのですか。
Dono hana ga anata no desu ka?
[dóno haná ga anáta no desɯ̥ᵝ ka]
dono hana ga anata no desu ka
which flower SBJ 2SG GEN COP.PRS.AFF.POL Q
Which flowers are yours?
いくつかの花があなたのです。
Ikutsu ka no hana ga anata no desu.
[íkɯ̥ᵝt͡sɯ̥ᵝ ka no haná ga anáta no desɯ̥ᵝ]
ikutsu ka no hana ga anata no desu
how.many Q GEN flower SBJ 2SG GEN COP.PRS.AFF.POL
Some flowers are yours.
(It's possible that some of the statements above should have the topic particle は wa instead of the subject particle が ga, but I'm not sure.)
Japanese forms indefinite pronouns by adding the question particle か ka after the equivalent interrogative pronoun.
Using the most neutral pronouns in terms of gender and politeness and the polite forms of verbs:
(1)
誰が私を見ていますか。
Dare ga watashi o mite imasu ka?
[dáɾe ga ɰᵝataɕi o míte imásɯ̥ᵝ ka]
dare ga watashi o mi-te i-masu ka
who SBJ 1SG OBJ watch-CONJ be-PRS.AFF.POL Q
Who is watching me?
誰かが私を見ています。
Dare ka ga watashi o mite imasu.
[dáɾe ka ga ɰᵝataɕi o míte imásɯ̥ᵝ]
dare ka ga watashi o mi-te i-masu
who Q SBJ 1SG OBJ watch-CONJ be-PRS.AFF.POL
Somebody is watching me.
(2)
(あなたは)何を見ましたか。 (the "you" can be left out in most cases)
(Anata wa) nani o mimashita ka?
[(anáta ɰᵝa) náni o mimáɕi̥ta ka]
(anata wa) nani o mi-mashita ka
(2SG TOP) what OBJ see-PST.AFF.POL Q
What did you see?
(あなたは)何かを見ました。
(Anata wa) nani ka o mimashita.
[(anáta ɰᵝa) náni ka o mimáɕi̥ta]
(anata wa) nani ka o mi-mashita
(2SG TOP) what Q OBJ see-PST.AFF.POL
You saw something.
(3)
(あなたは)何をしていますか。
(Anata wa) nani o shite imasu ka?
[(anáta ɰᵝa) náni o ɕi̥te imásɯ̥ᵝ ka]
(anata wa) nani o shi-te i-masu ka
(2SG TOP) what OBJ do-CONJ be-PRS.IND.POL Q
What are you doing?
(あなたは)何かをしています。
(Anata wa) nani ka o shite imasu.
[(anáta ɰᵝa) náni ka o ɕi̥te imásɯ̥ᵝ]
(anata wa) nani o shi-te i-masu ka
(2SG TOP) what OBJ do-CONJ be-PRS.IND.POL Q
You are doing something.
(4)
彼女はどこに住んでいますか。 (the 彼女は kanojo wa "she" could be optional as well)
Kanojo wa doko ni sunde imasu ka?
[kánod͡ʑo ɰᵝa dóko ni sɯ́ᵝnde imásɯ̥ᵝ ka]
kanojo wa doko ni su-nde i-masu ka
3SG.F TOP where at live-CONJ be-PRS.IND.POL Q
Where does she live?
彼女はどこかに住んでいます。
Kanojo wa doko ka ni sunde imasu.
[kánod͡ʑo ɰᵝa dóko ka ni sɯ́ᵝnde imásɯ̥ᵝ]
kanojo wa doko ka ni su-nde i-masu
3SG.F TOP where Q at live-CONJ be-PRS.IND.POL
She lives somewhere.
(5)
どの花があなたのですか。
Dono hana ga anata no desu ka?
[dóno haná ga anáta no desɯ̥ᵝ ka]
dono hana ga anata no desu ka
which flower SBJ 2SG GEN COP.PRS.AFF.POL Q
Which flowers are yours?
いくつかの花があなたのです。
Ikutsu ka no hana ga anata no desu.
[íkɯ̥ᵝt͡sɯ̥ᵝ ka no haná ga anáta no desɯ̥ᵝ]
ikutsu ka no hana ga anata no desu
how.many Q GEN flower SBJ 2SG GEN COP.PRS.AFF.POL
Some flowers are yours.
(It's possible that some of the statements above should have the topic particle は wa instead of the subject particle が ga, but I'm not sure.)
Re: Questions and indefinites
Removed.
Last edited by Reyzadren on 07 Aug 2017 03:52, edited 2 times in total.
Re: Questions and indefinites
Yélian
(1) Yat blido?
Teʻat blido.
[ʃɐ̆‿ˈbliːdo]
[ˈteʔɐ̆‿ˈbliːdo]
who.OBL watch-INV.1SG
someone.OBL watch-INV.1SG
You could also use the direct conjugation ya rat blidet? instead of the inverse conjugation stated above.
(2) Pe yivalei?
Ciyt yivalei.
[pe ɕɨˈʋaːlɛɪ̯]
[ka̯iːt ɕɨˈʋaːlɛɪ̯]
what.OBL PST-see-2SG
something PST-see-2SG
(3) Pe reyei?
Ciyt reyei.
[pe ˈɾeːʃɛɪ̯]
[ka̯iːt ˈɾeːʃɛɪ̯]
what.OBL do-2SG
something do-2SG
(4) Ta vinquet avitnúm?
Vinquet caibolnúm.
[ta ˈviŋkət ɐʋɨtˈnuːm]
[ˈviŋkət kaɪ̯bɔlˈnuːm]
3SG.FEM.REC live-3SG where
live-3SG somewhere
(5) Avit firan bul saol?
Sai o'firan bul saol.
[ˈaːʋɨt ˈɸiːɾɐn bʉl ˈsa.ɔl]
[saɪ̯ ɔˈɸiːɾɐn bʉl ˈsa.ɔl]
which flower-PL COP.3PL 2SG.POSS.NOMZ
some DEF.GEN=flower-PL COP.3PL 2SG.POSS.NOMZ
(1) Yat blido?
Teʻat blido.
[ʃɐ̆‿ˈbliːdo]
[ˈteʔɐ̆‿ˈbliːdo]
who.OBL watch-INV.1SG
someone.OBL watch-INV.1SG
You could also use the direct conjugation ya rat blidet? instead of the inverse conjugation stated above.
(2) Pe yivalei?
Ciyt yivalei.
[pe ɕɨˈʋaːlɛɪ̯]
[ka̯iːt ɕɨˈʋaːlɛɪ̯]
what.OBL PST-see-2SG
something PST-see-2SG
(3) Pe reyei?
Ciyt reyei.
[pe ˈɾeːʃɛɪ̯]
[ka̯iːt ˈɾeːʃɛɪ̯]
what.OBL do-2SG
something do-2SG
(4) Ta vinquet avitnúm?
Vinquet caibolnúm.
[ta ˈviŋkət ɐʋɨtˈnuːm]
[ˈviŋkət kaɪ̯bɔlˈnuːm]
3SG.FEM.REC live-3SG where
live-3SG somewhere
(5) Avit firan bul saol?
Sai o'firan bul saol.
[ˈaːʋɨt ˈɸiːɾɐn bʉl ˈsa.ɔl]
[saɪ̯ ɔˈɸiːɾɐn bʉl ˈsa.ɔl]
which flower-PL COP.3PL 2SG.POSS.NOMZ
some DEF.GEN=flower-PL COP.3PL 2SG.POSS.NOMZ
Wipe the glass. This is the usual way to start, even in the days, day and night, only a happy one.
- Frislander
- mayan
- Posts: 2088
- Joined: 14 May 2016 18:47
- Location: The North
Re: Questions and indefinites
O Kanã
OK, the full gloss I usually give for O Kanã would be too clunky here. You should be fine if you go back and look at my previous translations for this language.
1. tro kõ da‘ãbi‘aki?
FOC IND.ANI 1-look.at-MASC-3.ERG
Who is watching me?
da‘ãbi‘aki kõ.
1-look.at-MASC-3.ERG INd.ANI
Someone is watching me.
2. tro wã isoketã?
FOC IND.INA <PRF>see-2.ERG
What did you see?
isoketã wã.
<PRF>see-2.ERG IND.INA
You saw something.
3. tro wã ‘iotã?
FOC IND.INA do-2.ERG
What are you doing?
‘iotã wã.
do-2.ERG IND.INA
You are doing something.
4. tro te wã sosobe?
FOC LOC IND.IND ITER-sleep
Where does she live?
sosobe wã.
ITER-sleep IND.INA
She lives somewhere.
5. tro iisi kero sotrikiri?
FOC PROX.PL flower 2-APPL-exist-PL
Which flowers are yours?
se kero sotrikiri wã
FOC flower 2-APPL-exist-PL IND.INA
Some flowers are yours.
OK, the full gloss I usually give for O Kanã would be too clunky here. You should be fine if you go back and look at my previous translations for this language.
1. tro kõ da‘ãbi‘aki?
FOC IND.ANI 1-look.at-MASC-3.ERG
Who is watching me?
da‘ãbi‘aki kõ.
1-look.at-MASC-3.ERG INd.ANI
Someone is watching me.
2. tro wã isoketã?
FOC IND.INA <PRF>see-2.ERG
What did you see?
isoketã wã.
<PRF>see-2.ERG IND.INA
You saw something.
3. tro wã ‘iotã?
FOC IND.INA do-2.ERG
What are you doing?
‘iotã wã.
do-2.ERG IND.INA
You are doing something.
4. tro te wã sosobe?
FOC LOC IND.IND ITER-sleep
Where does she live?
sosobe wã.
ITER-sleep IND.INA
She lives somewhere.
5. tro iisi kero sotrikiri?
FOC PROX.PL flower 2-APPL-exist-PL
Which flowers are yours?
se kero sotrikiri wã
FOC flower 2-APPL-exist-PL IND.INA
Some flowers are yours.
Re: Questions and indefinites
Paatherye
Kayu tīmi vaycīme nā? - Payther tīmi vaycīme nā.
[ˈkaju ˈtiːmi vai̯ˈt͡siːme naː? ˈpai̯tʰeɾ ˈtiːmi vai̯ˈt͡siːme naː]
who.NOM AUX.PROG.3SG watch.INF 1SG.ACC | someone.NOM AUX.PROG.3SG watch.INF 1SG.ACC
Who is watching me? Somebody is watching me.
Thū yes vajanū kesē? Thū yes vajanū antāyan.
[tʰuː jes vaˈd͡ʒanuː ˈkeseː? tʰuː jes vaˈd͡ʒanuː anˈtaːjan]
2SG.FEM.NOM AUX.AOR.2SG.FEM see.CAUS.PP what.ACC | 2SG.FEM.NOM AUX.AOR.2SG.FEM see.CAUS.PP something.ACC
What did you see? You saw something.
Thū kayses kesē? Thū kayses antāyan.
[tʰuː kai̯ses ˈkeseː | tʰuː kai̯ses anˈtaːjan]
2SG.FEM.NOM do.2SG.FEM what.ACC | 2SG.FEM.ACC do.2SG.FEM something.ACC
What are you doing? You are doing something.
Yuwā phaysa kū? Yuwā phaysa andekhēr.
[ˈju.aː ˈpʰai̯sa kuː | ˈju.aː pʰai̯sa anðeˈkʰeːɾ]
3SG.FEM.NOM live.3SG.FEM what.LOC | 3SG.FEM.NOM live.3SG.FEM somewhere.LOC
Where does she live? She lives somewhere.
Kwi phu payn deyvi? Sī phu payn deyvi.
[kwi pʰu pai̯n ˈðei̯vi? siː pʰu pai̯n ˈðei̯vi]
which.PL.NOM flower.PL.NOM COP.3PL 2SG.GEN.PL.NOM | INDEF.PL.NOM flower.PL.NOM COP.3PL 2SG.GEN.PL.NOM
Which flowers are yours? Some flowers are yours.
Kayu tīmi vaycīme nā? - Payther tīmi vaycīme nā.
[ˈkaju ˈtiːmi vai̯ˈt͡siːme naː? ˈpai̯tʰeɾ ˈtiːmi vai̯ˈt͡siːme naː]
who.NOM AUX.PROG.3SG watch.INF 1SG.ACC | someone.NOM AUX.PROG.3SG watch.INF 1SG.ACC
Who is watching me? Somebody is watching me.
Thū yes vajanū kesē? Thū yes vajanū antāyan.
[tʰuː jes vaˈd͡ʒanuː ˈkeseː? tʰuː jes vaˈd͡ʒanuː anˈtaːjan]
2SG.FEM.NOM AUX.AOR.2SG.FEM see.CAUS.PP what.ACC | 2SG.FEM.NOM AUX.AOR.2SG.FEM see.CAUS.PP something.ACC
What did you see? You saw something.
Thū kayses kesē? Thū kayses antāyan.
[tʰuː kai̯ses ˈkeseː | tʰuː kai̯ses anˈtaːjan]
2SG.FEM.NOM do.2SG.FEM what.ACC | 2SG.FEM.ACC do.2SG.FEM something.ACC
What are you doing? You are doing something.
Yuwā phaysa kū? Yuwā phaysa andekhēr.
[ˈju.aː ˈpʰai̯sa kuː | ˈju.aː pʰai̯sa anðeˈkʰeːɾ]
3SG.FEM.NOM live.3SG.FEM what.LOC | 3SG.FEM.NOM live.3SG.FEM somewhere.LOC
Where does she live? She lives somewhere.
Kwi phu payn deyvi? Sī phu payn deyvi.
[kwi pʰu pai̯n ˈðei̯vi? siː pʰu pai̯n ˈðei̯vi]
which.PL.NOM flower.PL.NOM COP.3PL 2SG.GEN.PL.NOM | INDEF.PL.NOM flower.PL.NOM COP.3PL 2SG.GEN.PL.NOM
Which flowers are yours? Some flowers are yours.
Wipe the glass. This is the usual way to start, even in the days, day and night, only a happy one.
-
- mayan
- Posts: 2080
- Joined: 11 Jan 2015 23:22
- Location: USA
Re: Questions and indefinites
Basque
Basque forms these types of indefinite pronouns by adding -bait to the corresponding question word.
(In some of these cases, the translation depends on which part of the sentence is the focus; I'm assuming that the second sentence in each pair is meant to be an answer to the first.)
(1)
Nor ari zait begiratzen?
/nor aɾi s̻ait begiɾat͡s̻en/
[nor aɾi s̻ai peɣiɾat͡s̻en]
nor-∅ ari za-i-∅-t begira-tzen
who-ABS PROG AUX.3.ABS.PRS-DAT-SG.ABS-1SG.DAT watch-PRESP
Who is watching me?
Norbait ari zait begiratzen.
/norbait aɾi s̻ait begiɾat͡s̻en/
[norβait aɾi s̻ai peɣiɾat͡s̻en]
norbait-∅ ari za-i-∅-t begira-tzen
somebody-ABS PROG AUX.3.ABS.PRS-DAT-SG.ABS-1SG.DAT watch-PRESP
Somebody is watching me.
(2)
Zer ikusi zenuen?
/s̻er ikus̺i s̻enu.en/
[s̻er ikus̺i s̻enu.en]
zer-∅ ikus-i zen-∅-u-en
what-ABS see-PP 2SG.ERG.3.ABS-SG.ABS-AUX-PST
What did you see?
Zerbait ikusi zenuen.
/s̻erbait ikus̺i s̻enu.en/
[s̻erβait ikus̺i s̻enu.en]
zerbait-∅ ikus-i zen-∅-u-en
something-ABS see-PP 2SG.ERG.3.ABS-SG.ABS-AUX-PST
You saw something.
(3)
Zer ari zara?
/s̻er aɾi s̻aɾa/
[s̻er aɾi s̻aɾa]
zer-∅ ari z-a-ra
what-ABS PROG 2SG-PRS-AUX.PL
What are you doing?
Zerbait ari zara.
/s̻erbait aɾi s̻aɾa/
[s̻erβait aɾi s̻aɾa]
zerbait-∅ ari z-a-ra
something-ABS PROG 2SG-PRS-AUX.PL
You are doing something.
(4)
Non bizi da?
/non bis̻i da/
[nom bis̻i ða]
non bizi=∅ da
where life=ABS.INDF COP.3SG.PRS
Where does he/she live?
Nonbait bizi da.
/nonbait bis̻i da/
[nombai pis̻i ða]
nonbait bizi=∅ da
somewhere life=ABS.INDF COP.3SG.PRS
He/she lives somewhere.
(5)
Zein lore dira zureak?
/s̻ein loɾe diɾa s̻uɾe.ak/
[s̻ein loɾe ðiɾa s̻uɾe.ak]
zein lore=∅ d-ira zu-re=ak
which flower=ABS.INDF 3.PRS-COP.PL 2SG-GEN=ABS.PL
Which flowers are yours?
Zenbait lore dira zureak.
/s̻enbait loɾe diɾa s̻uɾe.ak/
[s̻enbait loɾe ðiɾa s̻uɾe.ak]
zenbait lore=∅ d-ira zu-re=ak
some flower=ABS.INDF 3.PRS-COP.PL 2SG-GEN=ABS.PL
Some flowers are yours.
Basque forms these types of indefinite pronouns by adding -bait to the corresponding question word.
(In some of these cases, the translation depends on which part of the sentence is the focus; I'm assuming that the second sentence in each pair is meant to be an answer to the first.)
(1)
Nor ari zait begiratzen?
/nor aɾi s̻ait begiɾat͡s̻en/
[nor aɾi s̻ai peɣiɾat͡s̻en]
nor-∅ ari za-i-∅-t begira-tzen
who-ABS PROG AUX.3.ABS.PRS-DAT-SG.ABS-1SG.DAT watch-PRESP
Who is watching me?
Norbait ari zait begiratzen.
/norbait aɾi s̻ait begiɾat͡s̻en/
[norβait aɾi s̻ai peɣiɾat͡s̻en]
norbait-∅ ari za-i-∅-t begira-tzen
somebody-ABS PROG AUX.3.ABS.PRS-DAT-SG.ABS-1SG.DAT watch-PRESP
Somebody is watching me.
(2)
Zer ikusi zenuen?
/s̻er ikus̺i s̻enu.en/
[s̻er ikus̺i s̻enu.en]
zer-∅ ikus-i zen-∅-u-en
what-ABS see-PP 2SG.ERG.3.ABS-SG.ABS-AUX-PST
What did you see?
Zerbait ikusi zenuen.
/s̻erbait ikus̺i s̻enu.en/
[s̻erβait ikus̺i s̻enu.en]
zerbait-∅ ikus-i zen-∅-u-en
something-ABS see-PP 2SG.ERG.3.ABS-SG.ABS-AUX-PST
You saw something.
(3)
Zer ari zara?
/s̻er aɾi s̻aɾa/
[s̻er aɾi s̻aɾa]
zer-∅ ari z-a-ra
what-ABS PROG 2SG-PRS-AUX.PL
What are you doing?
Zerbait ari zara.
/s̻erbait aɾi s̻aɾa/
[s̻erβait aɾi s̻aɾa]
zerbait-∅ ari z-a-ra
something-ABS PROG 2SG-PRS-AUX.PL
You are doing something.
(4)
Non bizi da?
/non bis̻i da/
[nom bis̻i ða]
non bizi=∅ da
where life=ABS.INDF COP.3SG.PRS
Where does he/she live?
Nonbait bizi da.
/nonbait bis̻i da/
[nombai pis̻i ða]
nonbait bizi=∅ da
somewhere life=ABS.INDF COP.3SG.PRS
He/she lives somewhere.
(5)
Zein lore dira zureak?
/s̻ein loɾe diɾa s̻uɾe.ak/
[s̻ein loɾe ðiɾa s̻uɾe.ak]
zein lore=∅ d-ira zu-re=ak
which flower=ABS.INDF 3.PRS-COP.PL 2SG-GEN=ABS.PL
Which flowers are yours?
Zenbait lore dira zureak.
/s̻enbait loɾe diɾa s̻uɾe.ak/
[s̻enbait loɾe ðiɾa s̻uɾe.ak]
zenbait lore=∅ d-ira zu-re=ak
some flower=ABS.INDF 3.PRS-COP.PL 2SG-GEN=ABS.PL
Some flowers are yours.
Last edited by GrandPiano on 03 Dec 2020 05:58, edited 2 times in total.
Re: Questions and indefinites
Choroze
Who is watching me?
Cha get chat pfrubinat agrt tliima?
/ˈhɑ ɡət hɑt ˈp͡frʊbɪn ɑːt ˈtliəm/
3SG.M.REL.NOM be 3SG.M.REL.ERG watch.1SG.PRS 1SG.ABS person.M.NOM
Somebody is watching me.
Tliima pfrubin tgre.
/ˈtliəm ˈpfrʊbɪn tʀɛ/
What did you see?
Chu get chut zogrpfa hoo men?
/ˈhʊ ɡət hʊt ˈzɔːp oɒ mən/
3SG.A.REL.NOM be 3SG.A.REL.ERG see.2SG.PST 2SG.ABS thing
You saw something.
Hoo zogrpfa chumen.
/oɒ ˈzɔp ˈhʊmən/
2SG.NOM see.2SG.PST something
What are you doing?
Chu get chut foochadapfa hoo etlo?
/ˈhʊ ɡət hʊt ˈfoɒhɑde̞ːp oɒ ɛt/
3SG.A.REL.NOM be 3SG.A.REL.ERG do.2SG.PRS 2SG.ABS action
You are doing something.
Hoo foochadapfa chumen.
/uo ˈfoɒhade̞ːp ˈhʊmən/
Where does she live?
Chu get chju molcin vgri teepfap?
/ˈhʊ ɡət çjʊ ˈmɔlkɪn vʀɪ te̝əpfɑp/
3SG.A.REL.NOM be 3SG.A.REL.LOC live.3SG.PRS 3SG.F.ABS place
She lives somewhere.
Vgri molcin teepfapi.
/vʀɪ ˈmɔlkɪn ˈte̝əpfɛpɪ/
Which flowers are yours?
Chee get chee fee hot petiri?
/ˈçe̝ə ɡət çjɪ fe̝ə ɔt pɛˈtɪɾɪ/
3PL.A.REL.NOM be 3PL.A.REL.ABS have.3PL.PRS 2SG.ERG PL-flower
Some flowers are yours.
Hoo heepfa qi petiriva.
/oː e̝əp kʷɪ pɛˈtɪɾiə/
2SG.NOM have.2SG.PRS INDEF.PL PL-flower-OBL
-Or-
Qi se get hen petiri.
/ˈkʷiəs ɡət ɛn pɛˈtɪɾɪ/
INDEF.PL 3PL.INAN.NOM be 2SG.GEN PL-flower
The formation of indefinites in Choroze doesn't follow a pattern. Some are just words like "place" or "action", while chumen comes from the relative pronoun and a "thing" suffix. Plural indefinites can be formed with the plural indefinite article qi and an inanimate pronoun.
Who is watching me?
Cha get chat pfrubinat agrt tliima?
/ˈhɑ ɡət hɑt ˈp͡frʊbɪn ɑːt ˈtliəm/
3SG.M.REL.NOM be 3SG.M.REL.ERG watch.1SG.PRS 1SG.ABS person.M.NOM
Somebody is watching me.
Tliima pfrubin tgre.
/ˈtliəm ˈpfrʊbɪn tʀɛ/
What did you see?
Chu get chut zogrpfa hoo men?
/ˈhʊ ɡət hʊt ˈzɔːp oɒ mən/
3SG.A.REL.NOM be 3SG.A.REL.ERG see.2SG.PST 2SG.ABS thing
You saw something.
Hoo zogrpfa chumen.
/oɒ ˈzɔp ˈhʊmən/
2SG.NOM see.2SG.PST something
What are you doing?
Chu get chut foochadapfa hoo etlo?
/ˈhʊ ɡət hʊt ˈfoɒhɑde̞ːp oɒ ɛt/
3SG.A.REL.NOM be 3SG.A.REL.ERG do.2SG.PRS 2SG.ABS action
You are doing something.
Hoo foochadapfa chumen.
/uo ˈfoɒhade̞ːp ˈhʊmən/
Where does she live?
Chu get chju molcin vgri teepfap?
/ˈhʊ ɡət çjʊ ˈmɔlkɪn vʀɪ te̝əpfɑp/
3SG.A.REL.NOM be 3SG.A.REL.LOC live.3SG.PRS 3SG.F.ABS place
She lives somewhere.
Vgri molcin teepfapi.
/vʀɪ ˈmɔlkɪn ˈte̝əpfɛpɪ/
Which flowers are yours?
Chee get chee fee hot petiri?
/ˈçe̝ə ɡət çjɪ fe̝ə ɔt pɛˈtɪɾɪ/
3PL.A.REL.NOM be 3PL.A.REL.ABS have.3PL.PRS 2SG.ERG PL-flower
Some flowers are yours.
Hoo heepfa qi petiriva.
/oː e̝əp kʷɪ pɛˈtɪɾiə/
2SG.NOM have.2SG.PRS INDEF.PL PL-flower-OBL
-Or-
Qi se get hen petiri.
/ˈkʷiəs ɡət ɛn pɛˈtɪɾɪ/
INDEF.PL 3PL.INAN.NOM be 2SG.GEN PL-flower
The formation of indefinites in Choroze doesn't follow a pattern. Some are just words like "place" or "action", while chumen comes from the relative pronoun and a "thing" suffix. Plural indefinites can be formed with the plural indefinite article qi and an inanimate pronoun.
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Re: Questions and indefinites
Alál
(1)
Kızataı ríra (ma)?
[ˈkɛʒǝdǝj ˈɾiɾ(ǝ)m]
ka<ızv>t-ı-a ra<í.#a>ŕ ma
watch<3.1>-DUR-VOL.ACT this<AGT> Q
Who is watching me?
Akìztaı.
[ɐˈkeʃtǝj]
ka<ìz>t-ı-a
watch<4.1>-DUR-VOL.ACT
Somebody is watching me.
(2)
Kûatà aràr (ma)?
[ˈkwɑtɑ ɐˈɾɑɾm(ǝ)]
ka<ûv>t-à-∅ ra<à>ŕ ma
see<2.3>-CONC-NVOL.ACT this<PAT> Q
What did you see?
Akùatà.
[ɐˈkoʕ̞tɑ]
ka<ùv>t-à-∅
see<2.4>-CONC-NVOL.ACT
You saw something.
(3)
Raùraı ma?
[ˈɾʕ̞oɾǝjm(ǝ)]
ra<vù>ŕ-ı-a ma
do.this<2>-DUR-VOL.ACT Q
What are you doing?
Maùsaı.
[mʕ̞ozǝj]
ma<vù>s-ı-a
do.that<2>-DUR-VOL.ACT
You are doing something.
(4)
Tasíh aràr (ma)?
[tɐˈsiç ɐˈɾɑɾm(ǝ)]
ta<v>s-í-h ra<à>ŕ ma
inhabit<3.3>-STAT-VOL.ACT this<PAT> Q
Where does she live?
Tıǎsıh.
[tjɑziç]
ta<ıvr̀>s-í-h
inhabit<3.4>-STAT-VOL.ACT
She lives somewhere.
(5)
Xa·skalı ma mas zár?
[xɐ ˈskɐɮɪ mǝ mɐs ʃaɾ]
xa skı<a.#ı>l ma ma<a>s za<á>r̀
BEN flower<OBL> Q that<OBL> 2<OBL>
Which flowers are yours?
Xa·skalı zár.
[xɐ ˈskɐɮɪ ʃaɾ]
xa skı<a.#ı>l za<á>r̀
BEN flower<OBL> 2<OBL>
Some flowers are yours.
(1)
Kızataı ríra (ma)?
[ˈkɛʒǝdǝj ˈɾiɾ(ǝ)m]
ka<ızv>t-ı-a ra<í.#a>ŕ ma
watch<3.1>-DUR-VOL.ACT this<AGT> Q
Who is watching me?
Akìztaı.
[ɐˈkeʃtǝj]
ka<ìz>t-ı-a
watch<4.1>-DUR-VOL.ACT
Somebody is watching me.
(2)
Kûatà aràr (ma)?
[ˈkwɑtɑ ɐˈɾɑɾm(ǝ)]
ka<ûv>t-à-∅ ra<à>ŕ ma
see<2.3>-CONC-NVOL.ACT this<PAT> Q
What did you see?
Akùatà.
[ɐˈkoʕ̞tɑ]
ka<ùv>t-à-∅
see<2.4>-CONC-NVOL.ACT
You saw something.
(3)
Raùraı ma?
[ˈɾʕ̞oɾǝjm(ǝ)]
ra<vù>ŕ-ı-a ma
do.this<2>-DUR-VOL.ACT Q
What are you doing?
Maùsaı.
[mʕ̞ozǝj]
ma<vù>s-ı-a
do.that<2>-DUR-VOL.ACT
You are doing something.
(4)
Tasíh aràr (ma)?
[tɐˈsiç ɐˈɾɑɾm(ǝ)]
ta<v>s-í-h ra<à>ŕ ma
inhabit<3.3>-STAT-VOL.ACT this<PAT> Q
Where does she live?
Tıǎsıh.
[tjɑziç]
ta<ıvr̀>s-í-h
inhabit<3.4>-STAT-VOL.ACT
She lives somewhere.
(5)
Xa·skalı ma mas zár?
[xɐ ˈskɐɮɪ mǝ mɐs ʃaɾ]
xa skı<a.#ı>l ma ma<a>s za<á>r̀
BEN flower<OBL> Q that<OBL> 2<OBL>
Which flowers are yours?
Xa·skalı zár.
[xɐ ˈskɐɮɪ ʃaɾ]
xa skı<a.#ı>l za<á>r̀
BEN flower<OBL> 2<OBL>
Some flowers are yours.
Edit: Substituted a string instrument for a French interjection.
| | ASL | | |
Re: Questions and indefinites
Yorkish
1. Hwae is wacken me?
(Ʒe cen eʒ sam) Noen is wacken me.
2. Hwat gi tha see?
Ʒe saw noet.
3. Hwat art tha giaren?
Th'art giaren noet.
4. Hwar gis sʒo bou?
Sʒo byes noestathe.
5. Hwilk bluimer ar thine?
Noe bluimer ar thine.
: | : | : | :
Conlangs: Hawntow, Yorkish, misc.
she/her
Conlangs: Hawntow, Yorkish, misc.
she/her
Re: Questions and indefinites
Naguil
(1)
Go unydan elgei? - Benn (manue) unydan elgei.
/'goː‿u'nyːdan ɛl'gɛːi || 'bɛn 'maːnwɛ u'nyːdan ɛl'gɛːi/
Who watches me? A (random) person watches me.
benn (nom) = a human
gonon (nom), shortened to go = "who", a person, used for questions mainly
manue (adj) = "any", comes from manan = anything, something, or whatever unspecified object
(2)
Ainil nia? - Ainil manain.
/aɪ̯'niːl 'ni.a || aɪ̯'niːl 'maːnaɪ̯n/
You saw what? - You saw something.
nie (nom) or nia (acc) = "what", originally comes from the word niren = beginning.
manain (acc) = accusative form of manan
(3)
Arbea nia? - Arbea manain.
/ar'bɛːɐ 'ni.a || ar'bɛːɐ 'maːnaɪ̯n/
You do what? / You do something.
(4)
Unigan nin? - Unigan manin.
/u'niːgan 'nin || u'niːgan 'maːnin/
He/She lives where? He/She lives somewhere.
nin = locative form of nie, so = "where".
manin = locative form of manan, so = "anywhere".
(5)
Ashera felleines nianes? - Ashera felleines nyrias.
/a'ɕɛːra 'fɛlːɛinɛs 'niːanɛs || a'ɕɛːra 'fɛlːɛinɛs 'nyːrjas/
You own which flowers? - You own a few flowers.
Ashera felleines nianes? - Ashera kelbei evelluenes.
/a'ɕɛːra 'fɛlːɛinɛs 'niːanɛs || a'ɕɛːra 'kʰɛlbɛi ɛ'vɛlːu.eˌnɛs/
You own which flowers? - You own a part of the flowers.
nianes, a form of nel = generally means "which" and is used for both nouns and adjectives.
"some flowers" likely means a part of a bunch of flowers. So felleines manuas = "whatever flowers" doesn't fit.
(1)
Go unydan elgei? - Benn (manue) unydan elgei.
/'goː‿u'nyːdan ɛl'gɛːi || 'bɛn 'maːnwɛ u'nyːdan ɛl'gɛːi/
Who watches me? A (random) person watches me.
benn (nom) = a human
gonon (nom), shortened to go = "who", a person, used for questions mainly
manue (adj) = "any", comes from manan = anything, something, or whatever unspecified object
(2)
Ainil nia? - Ainil manain.
/aɪ̯'niːl 'ni.a || aɪ̯'niːl 'maːnaɪ̯n/
You saw what? - You saw something.
nie (nom) or nia (acc) = "what", originally comes from the word niren = beginning.
manain (acc) = accusative form of manan
(3)
Arbea nia? - Arbea manain.
/ar'bɛːɐ 'ni.a || ar'bɛːɐ 'maːnaɪ̯n/
You do what? / You do something.
(4)
Unigan nin? - Unigan manin.
/u'niːgan 'nin || u'niːgan 'maːnin/
He/She lives where? He/She lives somewhere.
nin = locative form of nie, so = "where".
manin = locative form of manan, so = "anywhere".
(5)
Ashera felleines nianes? - Ashera felleines nyrias.
/a'ɕɛːra 'fɛlːɛinɛs 'niːanɛs || a'ɕɛːra 'fɛlːɛinɛs 'nyːrjas/
You own which flowers? - You own a few flowers.
Ashera felleines nianes? - Ashera kelbei evelluenes.
/a'ɕɛːra 'fɛlːɛinɛs 'niːanɛs || a'ɕɛːra 'kʰɛlbɛi ɛ'vɛlːu.eˌnɛs/
You own which flowers? - You own a part of the flowers.
nianes, a form of nel = generally means "which" and is used for both nouns and adjectives.
"some flowers" likely means a part of a bunch of flowers. So felleines manuas = "whatever flowers" doesn't fit.
: mother tongue | : fluent (at work) | : room for improvement | : 2nd foreign lang in school | : poor