He knows nothing
o[oôüoöċ
(this man without experience of this thing*)
*considering that he is not a complete idiot
I saw nobody
m[8\Seo
(me having seen no man)
Negation
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- cuneiform
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Re: Negation
Miwonša
1
a. He knows nothing. - Zužiwan njantsoi.
b. He doesn't know anything - Žai zužiwan prokto antsoi.
c. There is nothing that he knows - Kwasjan njantso, čwastai zužiwan.
2
a. I saw nobody - Žayanim kinjantsoi.
b. I didn't see anybody. - Žai žayanim prokto kjantsoi.
c. There was no one that I saw. - Yakwasjan kinjantso, čwastai žayanim.
Very Indo-European-ish...
zužiwan = he knows
žayanim = I saw
žai = not
prokto = even
kwasjan = there is/are
yakwasjan = there was/were
antso = something
kjantso = someone
njantso = nothing
kinjantso = no one
čwasta = relative pronoun
-oi/-ai = accusative case
1
a. He knows nothing. - Zužiwan njantsoi.
b. He doesn't know anything - Žai zužiwan prokto antsoi.
c. There is nothing that he knows - Kwasjan njantso, čwastai zužiwan.
2
a. I saw nobody - Žayanim kinjantsoi.
b. I didn't see anybody. - Žai žayanim prokto kjantsoi.
c. There was no one that I saw. - Yakwasjan kinjantso, čwastai žayanim.
Very Indo-European-ish...
zužiwan = he knows
žayanim = I saw
žai = not
prokto = even
kwasjan = there is/are
yakwasjan = there was/were
antso = something
kjantso = someone
njantso = nothing
kinjantso = no one
čwasta = relative pronoun
-oi/-ai = accusative case
- prettydragoon
- sinic
- Posts: 442
- Joined: 29 Jan 2012 10:22
- Location: Third star on the left, straight on till tiffin
- Contact:
Re: Negation
Rireinutire
In Rireinutire, the basic method of negation is through predicate negation, basically adding the negative suffix -se- to the verb. If an indefinite pronoun would be used in the corresponding affirmative sentence, a negative indefinite pronoun is used in the negative sentence. In other words, a double negative is still a negative. Negative existential constructions can be used, but they are rather clumsy.
(1)
ha iñayokina kerikaseve::1ab::
/hɑ ˈiŋɑˌjokinɑ ˈkeɹikɑˌseve/
ha iñayoki-na keri-ka-se-ve ||
3S.R.NOM nothing-PTV know-PRS-NEG-HSY ||
a. She knows nothing.
b. She doesn't know anything.
kaki iñayoki yasakaseve sakina ha kerikaseve::1c::
/ˈkɑki ˈiŋɑˌjoki ˈjɑsɑkɑˌseve ˈsɑkinɑ hɑ ˈkeɹikɑˌseve/
kaki iñayoki yasa-ka-se-ve saki-na ha keri-ka-se-ve ||
what.REL.NOM nothing.NOM exist-PRS-NEG-HSY that-PTV 3S.R.NOM know-PRS-NEG-HSY ||
c. There is nothing that she knows.
(2)
ma iñayokuna neakiseva::2ab::
/mɑ ˈiŋɑˌjokunɑ ˈneɑkiˌsevɑ/
ma iñayoku-na nea-ki-se-va ||
1S.NOM nobody-PTV see-PST-NEG-SENS ||
a. I saw nobody.
b. I didn't see anybody.
kaku iñayoku yasakisevo sakuna ma neakiseva::2c::
/ˈkɑku ˈiŋɑˌjoku ˈjɑsɑkiˌsevo ˈsɑkunɑ mɑ ˈneɑkiˌsevɑ/
kaku iñayoku yasa-ki-se-vo saku-na ma nea-ki-se-va ||
who.REL.NOM nobody.NOM exist-PST-NEG-INFR that.R-PTV 1S.NOM see-PST-NEG-SENS ||
c. There was no one that I saw.
Translation challenge 63/100
In Rireinutire, the basic method of negation is through predicate negation, basically adding the negative suffix -se- to the verb. If an indefinite pronoun would be used in the corresponding affirmative sentence, a negative indefinite pronoun is used in the negative sentence. In other words, a double negative is still a negative. Negative existential constructions can be used, but they are rather clumsy.
(1)
ha iñayokina kerikaseve::1ab::
/hɑ ˈiŋɑˌjokinɑ ˈkeɹikɑˌseve/
ha iñayoki-na keri-ka-se-ve ||
3S.R.NOM nothing-PTV know-PRS-NEG-HSY ||
a. She knows nothing.
b. She doesn't know anything.
kaki iñayoki yasakaseve sakina ha kerikaseve::1c::
/ˈkɑki ˈiŋɑˌjoki ˈjɑsɑkɑˌseve ˈsɑkinɑ hɑ ˈkeɹikɑˌseve/
kaki iñayoki yasa-ka-se-ve saki-na ha keri-ka-se-ve ||
what.REL.NOM nothing.NOM exist-PRS-NEG-HSY that-PTV 3S.R.NOM know-PRS-NEG-HSY ||
c. There is nothing that she knows.
(2)
ma iñayokuna neakiseva::2ab::
/mɑ ˈiŋɑˌjokunɑ ˈneɑkiˌsevɑ/
ma iñayoku-na nea-ki-se-va ||
1S.NOM nobody-PTV see-PST-NEG-SENS ||
a. I saw nobody.
b. I didn't see anybody.
kaku iñayoku yasakisevo sakuna ma neakiseva::2c::
/ˈkɑku ˈiŋɑˌjoku ˈjɑsɑkiˌsevo ˈsɑkunɑ mɑ ˈneɑkiˌsevɑ/
kaku iñayoku yasa-ki-se-vo saku-na ma nea-ki-se-va ||
who.REL.NOM nobody.NOM exist-PST-NEG-INFR that.R-PTV 1S.NOM see-PST-NEG-SENS ||
c. There was no one that I saw.
Translation challenge 63/100