He is...

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spanick
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Re: He is...

Post by spanick »

Weddisch (Updated from Nortsääenglisch)

Hie’s vischer.
/hiːs vɪʒər/
He’s a fisherman.

Hie's mauchty.
/hiːs maʊχtiː/
He’s strong.

Hie’s myn gúedman.
/hiːs mɛɪn gyːdman/
He’s my husband.

Hie's in myn huus.
/hiːs ɪn mɛɪn huːs/
He is in my house.
Last edited by spanick on 19 Apr 2019 02:51, edited 2 times in total.
HJH
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Re: He is...

Post by HJH »

:con: Casia

He is a fisherman.

ned vtaelmeka
/ɲets tɬtaelmøgɒ/
ne-d vtaelmek-a
3.SG.DEF.ABS fish.HAB

He is strong.

ned saob
/ɲets saoθ/
ne-d saob
3.SG.DEF.ABS STAT.strong

He is my husband.

ned aos monb
/ɲets aos munθ/
ne-d aos mo-nb
3.SG.DEF.ABS STAT.husband 1.SG.DEF.GEN

He is in my house.

ned aja aremqe monb
/ɲets aɥɒ amyrɟʝʉ munθ/
ne-d aja a-merqe mo-nb
3.SG.DEF.ABS exist LOC.house.OBL.SG.DEF 1.SG.DEF.GEN
Last edited by HJH on 19 Apr 2019 13:36, edited 1 time in total.
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Herra Ratatoskr
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Re: He is...

Post by Herra Ratatoskr »

West Saxon

he bue viscre.
/hɛ bœɥ vɪʃɹ̩/
He's a fisherman.

he bue strong.
/hɛ bœɥ stʁɔɑŋ/
He's strong.

he bue mi wer.
/hɛ bœɥ mɪ wɛɹ/
He's my husband.

he's on min huos.
/hɛz ɔn mɪn hus/
He's in my house.
While already reduced some, since "he" and "is" are unstressed, it wouldn't be unusual to hear it further reduced to /hɛzn̩ mɪn hus/, though it would very seldomly be written with a double contractions, like "he's'n min huos", unless one were going for an emphatically informal tone.
mxxierxx
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Re: He is...

Post by mxxierxx »

Baude-Nylandnari

He's a fisherman.
In péshiaar rä.
/ɪn pe:ɕia:ɾ ɾæ/

He's strong.
In stůrgaich rä.
/ɪn stu:ʁgəç ɾæ/

He's my husband.
In méne moayyu-di rä.
/ɪn me:nɛ mɔaju: di: ɾæ/

He's in my house.
In howse moayyu-di-eng rä.
/ɪn hɔvzɛ mɔaju: di: ɛŋ ɾæ/
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Mándinrùh
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Re: He is...

Post by Mándinrùh »

Image Ecclesiastical Atili:

Winakojévis úli.
wina-koje-vi-s uli
fish-get-3-PFV often
'He often fishes'

Líli kóvis.
lili ko-vi-s
strong stand-3-PFV
'He is strong'

Ítä unkátum kóvis.
ita unkatum ko-vi-s
1POSS husband stand-3-PFV
'He is my husband.' (female speaker)
'He is my brother-in-law.' (male speaker)

Ítä házo kokovíkonso.
ita hazo ko-ko-vi-kon-s
1POSS house at-stand-3person-3container-PFV
'He is at my house.'

Apart from the first item, these all use the verb ko, stand. BUT BEWARE! Atili has a second copula, dálï, sit. Using sit as a copula can be viewed as slightly irreverent, dismissive, or rude, and may even change the meaning of the sentence!

Líli dalívis.
lili dali-vi-s
strong sit-3-PFV
'He is fat.'

Ítä unkátum dalívis.
ita unkatum dali-vi-s
1POSS husband sit-3-PFV
'He is still my (lazy) husband.' (female speaker)
'He is my (lazy) brother-in-law.' (male speaker)

Ítä házo dalidalivíkonso.
ita hazo dali-dali-vi-kon-s
1POSS house at-sit-3person-3container-PFV
'He is at my house.' (but sitting down)
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CivilixXXX
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Re: He is...

Post by CivilixXXX »

Gēnù súngercēru.
Gēnù súnger-cēru.
He fish-man.
/ɡeːnù súŋɡerʃeːru/

Kḕhōi gēnù.
Kḕhoi gēnù.
Strong he.
/kèːxoj ɡeːnù/

Gēnù bánar ye gėrōncéru
Gēnù bánar ye gėrōn-céru
He I GEN. marriage-man
/ɡeːnù bánar je ɡə̆roonʃéru/

Gēnù cor bánar ye nėgā́jado
Genū cor bánar ye nėgā́-jado
He LOC. I GEN. home-place
/ɡeːnù ʃor bánar je ŋ̍gáːʒado/
/tsʲi¹⁴vʲiː⁵³ʎiks³³ iksʔiksʔiks/
brblues
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Re: He is...

Post by brblues »

:con: BLSL

(ki) lum.bo.ki kun
3SG.ANIM fisher COP
"He is a fisherman."

“kun” is the copula for “noun = noun” constructions; personal pronouns are frequently dropped.

(ki) ma.hɛ
3SG.ANIM ‘to be strong’
"S/he is strong."

Stative verbs are used for predicative adjectives

(ki) mu-he ki.ʔud.ki kun
3SG.ANIM 1SG-GEN.INAL spouse COP
"He is my husband."

This uses the same construction as the “fisherman” example above.

(ki) mu-he sot mɛhɛ
3SG.ANIM 1SG-GEN.INAL house ‘to be located in’
"He is in my house."

A locative verb is employed here – that is, a stative verb that expresses the location “at / inside / near”, with the location as direct object.
Nortaneous
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Re: He is...

Post by Nortaneous »

What:

Syxas ik ñê maña.
[sʔɐs ɪk ɲeː mɐˈɲɐ]
COP.GNO 3SG=ACC POSS fishing_net
He is a fisherman.

The What "gnomic copula" is unusual in occurring sentence-initially and taking accusative marking. This is because it is descended from an imperative form. An overly literal translation would be "behold him of the fishing net". This is the regular way to form such phrases in What.

Syxas ik tyklwh.
[sʔɐs ɪk təkl̥ɤ̤]
COP.GNO 3SG=ACC strong
He is strong.

Tyklwh is from Proto-Whatic *togælɨ < *togæ 'large' + a common adjectival suffix -*lɨ of unknown sense. The regular descendant of *togæ is tygia 'mountain'. Pairs of semantically drifted nominalized root *adjectives and derived adjectives are common in What.

Syxas ik ñxê ting.
[sʔɐs ɪk ɲˀeː tɪŋ]
COP.GNO 3SG=ACC 1S.POSS man
He is my husband.

Inn ñxê dyñên piu nxia.
[ɪn ɲeː dəɲẽː pɪw ni̯æ]
3SG=NOM 1S.POSS house in COP.PFV
He is in my house.

Nxia is a contraction of nxyngiah; it's clear that it has to be some sort of irregular development, because the only regular source of -ia is stressed *æ after velars. Similarly, dyñên must be a recent compound, because the voicing contrast in plosives was lost outside stressed syllables, and usually spread breathy voice onto following stressed vowels.
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Void
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Re: He is...

Post by Void »

Naykakēsiqō.
[ˌnajkakeːʃiˈqoː]
Ø-nayka-kēsiq-ō
3SG.AN-fish-hunt-er

He is a fisherman.

E'ōth.
[eˈʔoːθ]
Ø-e'ō-th
3SG.AN-strong-ABS

He is strong.

Astīmyī.
[ʔas̺ˈtiːmʃiː]
Ø-astīm-yī
3SG.AN-husband-1SG.POSS

He is my husband.

Yaktsipanyī.
[jaktʃɪˈpanʃiː]
Ø-yaktsi-pan-yī
3SG.AN-house-LOC-1SG.POSS

He is in my house.
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Re: He is...

Post by SkyFry »

Haasvian

He is a fisherman.
[He forfish is]
Jhe helobol el.

He is strong.
[He strong]
Jhe bith.

He is my husband
[He partner(rom.)-me.poss]
Jhe osreph'hvo'vi.

He is in my house
[He in house-me.poss.]
Jhe la umzhon'hvo'vi.
Ha bhrag...

English - Français - Lang Belta

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KaiTheHomoSapien
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Re: He is...

Post by KaiTheHomoSapien »

:con: Lihmelinyan

Word order is relatively free here, though "to be" is usually placed first if there is no subject. The 3rd person singular pronoun "sa" is optional and would be used for emphasis or to avoid ambiguity.

(Sa) héti gústār.
(he) be.PRES.3SG fisher-NOM.SG
He is a fisherman.

(Sa) héti aláras.
(he) be.PRES.3SG strong-NOM.SG
He is strong.

(Sa) héti zéyas yéhnār.
(he) be.PRES.3SG my-NOM.SG.MASC husband-NOM.SG
He is my husband.

(Sa) héti zéyei ánkei.
(he) be.PRES.3SG my-LOC.SG.MASC house-LOC.SG
He is in my house.
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GrandPiano
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Re: He is...

Post by GrandPiano »

:es-pv: Basque

Arrantzalea da.
/arant͡s̻ale.a da/
arrantzale=a da
fisherman=ART.ABS.SG COP.3SG.PRS

He is a fisherman.

Indartsua da.
/indart͡s̺u.a da/
indartsu=a da
strong=ART.ABS.SG COP.3SG.PRS

He is strong.

Nire senarra da.
/niɾe s̺enara da/
ni-re senarr=a da
1SG-GEN husband=ART.ABS.SG COP.3SG.PRS

He is my husband.

Nire etxean dago.
/niɾe et͡ʃe.an dago/
ni-re etxe=an d-a-go-Ø
1SG-GEN house=ART.INE.SG 3.ABS\PRS-PRS-be.SG-PRS

He is in my house.

(The verb egon, of which dago is a conjugated form, corresponds more or less to Spanish estar. It is also possible to use the copula for sentences conveying location, in which case the last sentence would be translated as Nire etxean da.)
Last edited by GrandPiano on 15 Nov 2020 01:45, edited 3 times in total.
Salmoneus
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Re: He is...

Post by Salmoneus »

A current attempt at Old Wenthish:

1. fiescáriamann ist sua hi biath éna
fisherman EXIST so he COP one
There's a fisherman that he is

The natural and easy translation here is simply hi biath fiescáriamann. This, however, is better translated "he is a fisherman" - that is, it presents the pronoun as the focus. The focus can be changed by changing the word order, fronting 'fisherman'. However, this is not directly possible with the copula in a classificatory clause - as the copula is locked in second position, and the two arguments are both in the nominative, it would be impossible to distinguish SVO from OVS in this case. With identifications and indefinite classification, that's OK - both arguments are equally subjectlike (if A is B, B is A), but in definite classifications (the X is a Y) there is a clear asymmetry that would not be respected. Instead, the class here is fronted, but given a dummy verb (the existential verb), and the copula itself is pushed down into a subordinate clause. éna is usually a definite determiner, but here is simply a reduced form of áinna, 'one'.

[specifically, plain inverted fiescáriamann biath hi would mean "there is a (particular) fisherman that's him". This would be appropriate if you were, for example, pointing him out to a policeman by saying that he was one of the fishermen in a photograph, but you weren't sure which.]

2. mahtéga biath hi
strong is he

There are some choices to be made here. I've assumed strength is a property of his; if it's a temporary condition (he's strong at the moment), then it would instead be mahtéga stáith hi. Meanwhile, mahtéga indicates an active strength - the ability to, say, bend something. If you instead wanted to say he was strong in a passive sense (hard to break), you might say he was starca (unbending, rigid), or tráustaiga (firm, trusty).

3. minha uera biath hi
my man is he

This assumes that the focus is on 'my husband' as a whole. If the focus is instead on 'my' (i.e. not your husband but mine), then it would instead be méinna biath hi ueoró ('mine is he of husbands')

4. in minha bothlé stáith he
in my house stands/is he

Here, the locative verb is used. The reduced form of the subject pronoun follows it, assuming that 'he' is de-emphasised. To emphasise 'he', it would be possible to say hi stáith in minha bothlé, but this would be very emphatic, and more common is simply in minha bothlé stáith hi, with the unreduced pronoun.
Iyionaku
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Re: He is...

Post by Iyionaku »

:con: Paatherye

Yuwē ēs s'khevartane.
[ˈju.eː eːs skʰeˈvaɾtane]
He is a fisherman.

Yuwē ēs vēle.
[ˈju.eː eːs ˈveːle]
He is strong.

Yuwē ēs neye sūpin.
[ˈju.eː eːs ˈneje ˈsuːpin]
He is my husband.

Yuwē ēs neykhā dhāmar
3SG.MASC.NOM COP.3SG.MASC 1SG.POSS>LOC.MASC house.LOC
He is in my house.

New word for this challenge:

khevarta [kʰeˈvaɾta] - fisher
Etymology: from Sanskrit केवर्त kevarta - fisher
Wipe the glass. This is the usual way to start, even in the days, day and night, only a happy one.
Miar
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Re: He is...

Post by Miar »

:con: Ā Vé Su/Avesan (common dialect)

He’s a fisherman
Feh xa puu khe.
[φẽ˧ ♪˧ pɯ:˩ qʰe˧] (♪˧ is a short, mid-level whistle, about “fa” on the do-re-mi.)
3pm person fish(ing) does, or “He (is a) fisher”

He’s strong
Feh shūuh
[φẽ˧ pɯ̃:˥]
3pm strong, which means both “He strong” and “strong guy”

He’s my husband
Feh meeh bòh d xa.
[/φẽ˧ mẽ:˩ bõ˧˩ də ♪˩]
3pm mate male GEN 1p, "He husband of mine"

He’s in my house
Feh n tshōo d xa.
[/φẽ˧ nə tʃɤ˥ də ♪˧] (This sentence is spoken in “high song”. In Avesan, a high tone can raise low ones that follow, and vice-versa. Therefore a normally low whistle becomes mid-range.)
“3pm INES house GEN 1p”, lit. “He within house of mine”
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Flavia
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Re: He is...

Post by Flavia »

:con: Biné:

Bıḍéẓa hılèhêḍ / Hılěhẓa Bıḍêḍ
3sg=SUBJ[FOC] <HAB>fish=TOP // <HAB>fish=SUBJ[FOC] 3sg=TOP

Bıḍéẓa zaḍıḍè / Zaḍıẓa Bıḍêḍ
3sg=SUBJ[FOC] strong=TOP // strong=SUBJ[FOC] 3sg=TOP

The concept of marriage is completely alien to the Biné.

Gaḍḷıẓlı Bıḍé Bıḍêḍ běẓgẓa
house=LOC[FOC] 1sg[GEN] 3sg=TOP stand=SUBJ
There are also 5 alternative translations which change topic and/or focus.
The Bıḍé glossed as 1sg and 3sg means person. In normal conversation it will be replaced with names, unless the meaning can be determined by context.
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Batz
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Re: He is...

Post by Batz »

:con: Naguil

Unda normo vigi (dai).
/ʊn'da 'nɔːrmo 'viːgi daɪ̯/
3SG.M/F-be-PRS INDF-worker-NOM fish-GEN (male)
He/She is a (male) fish-worker

Tu muduil.
/tʰu 'muːdwil/
be-CNV strong-ADJ.LOC
He/She is strong.

Tu eldaran feibi.
/tʰu ɛl'daːran 'fɛɪ̯bi/
be-CNV 1SG-man-NOM marriage-GEN
HE/She is my man of marriage

Unda eonein (li).
/ʊn'da ɛɔ'nɛɪ̯n li/
3SG.M/F-be-PRS 1SG-house-LOC (inside)
HE/She is at my home/house (inside)

dai specifies the gender, but not necessary if known from the context.
Normally tu = "and is" would be used instead of repeating "He is" every time. Since the last part is a different story "He is" fits again.
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lsd
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Re: He is...

Post by lsd »

:con: 3SDL
yˆ¼y¾Áy¼ôÉdyËöÀ^ß¼wË^^éōÑéžwË
(this man catching fishes and with muscles and fucking me and in house of me...)
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Imralu
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Re: He is...

Post by Imralu »

:con: Balog:

There is no copula in Balog. The predicate precedes the subject in its clause. There is no syntactic difference that distinguishes between different parts of speech among contentives.

____________________

Vaŋešim aa.
vaŋ-e-šim aa
hunt-LK2-fish DEF.R2
He is a fisherman.

____________________

Baraž aa.
b<ar>až aa.
use.upper.arm<AUG> DEF.R2
He is strong. | He has big biceps.

____________________

Ŋihamoniiž aa.
ŋ<ih>am-o-nii=ž aa
be.loved.romantically<CUSTOMARY>-LK1-INAL=1S DEF.R2
He is my lover/husband/boyfriend/partner.

Alienable possession could also be used: ŋihamonuuž aa, but this has the connotation that the speaker can simply leave the relationship whenever they choose.

____________________

Just locative. Internality is not important:

Lu baniiž aa.
lu ban-nii=ž aa
LOC house-INAL=1S DEF.R2
He is at my place.

Internality can be expressed with the juxtaposition of šem "be inside" and taig "contain".

Šem aa taig ibbaniiž.
šem aa taig ii=ban-nii=ž
inside DEF.R2 contain DEF.R5-house-INAL=1S
He is inside my house.

The "container" can also be added to the clause with šem by compounding or linking.

Šemebaniiž aa.
šem-e-ban-nii=ž aa
inside-LK2-house-INAL=1S DEF.R2
He is inside my house.

I used the inalienable baniiž "house I live in" here rather than the alienable banuuž "house I own".
lsd wrote: 27 Aug 2023 23:48 :con: 3SDL
yˆ¼y¾Áy¼ôÉdyËöÀ^ß¼wË^^éōÑéžwË
(this man catching fishes and with muscles and fucking me and in house of me...)
LMAO!
Glossing Abbreviations: COMP = comparative, C = complementiser, ACS / ICS = accessible / inaccessible, GDV = gerundive, SPEC / NSPC = specific / non-specific, AG = agent, E = entity (person, animal, thing)
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