Kinship terms
Posted: 10 May 2016 02:56
Not exactly a translation challenge, but I wasn't sure where else to put this, since it's for both conlangs and natlangs.
How does your lang divide up kinship terms? Is it similar to English, simple like Hawaiian, insane like the Chinese languages?
English
brother - male sibling
sister - female sibling
father (formal), dad (informal) - male parent
mother (formal), mom (informal) - female parent
son - male child
daughter - female child
uncle - parent's brother or parent's sibling's husband
aunt - parent's sister or parent's sibling's wife
cousin - uncle/aunt's child
nephew - sibling or sibling-in-law's son
niece - sibling or sibling-in-law's daughter
grandfather (formal), grandpa (informal) - parent's father
grandmother (formal), grandma (informal) - parent's mother
grandson - child's son
granddaughter - child's daughter
husband - male spouse
wife - female spouse
brother-in-law - spouse's brother or sibling's husband
sister-in-law - spouse's sister or sibling's wife
father-in-law - spouse's father
mother-in-law - spouse's mother
son-in-law - child's husband
daughter-in-law - child's wife
Spanish
hermano - brother
hermana - sister
padre/papá - father/dad
madre/mamá - mother/mom
hijo - son
hija - daughter
tío - uncle
tía - aunt
primo - male cousin
prima - female cousin
sobrino - nephew
sobrina - niece
abuelo - grandfather
abuela - grandmother
nieto - grandson
nieta - granddaughter
esposo/marido - husband
esposa/mujer - wife ("mujer" also means "woman" in general)
cuñado - brother-in-law
cuñada - sister-in-law
suegro - father-in-law
suegra - mother-in-law
yerno - son-in-law
nuera - daughter-in-law ("yerna" also exists, but only in some dialects)
:zho: Mandarin
(It seems like a lot of these have both formal and informal counterparts, so I'll stick with the informal term of address. Also note that these vary a lot from region to region and from family to family and I'm just using what seem to be the most common and standard terms.)
哥哥 gēge - older brother
弟弟 dìdi - younger brother
姐姐 jiějie - older sister
妹妹 mèimei - younger sister
爸爸 bàba - dad
妈妈 māma - mom
儿子 érzi - son
女儿 nǚ'ér - daughter
伯伯 bóbo - uncle (father's older brother)
叔叔 shūshu - uncle (father's younger brother)
舅舅 jiùjiu - uncle (sister's brother)
姑丈 gūzhàng - uncle (father's sibling's wife)
姨丈 yízhàng - uncle (mother's sibling's wife)
姑姑 gūgu - aunt (father's sister)
姨妈 yímā - aunt (mother's sister)
伯娘 bóniáng - aunt (father's older sibling's wife)
婶婶 shěnshen - aunt (father's younger sibling's wife)
妗子 jìnzi - aunt (mother's sibling's wife)
堂兄 tángxiōng - older male cousin on father's side
堂弟 tángdì - younger male cousin on father's side
堂姐 tángjiě - older female cousin on father's side
堂妹 tángmèi - younger female cousin on father's side
表兄 biǎoxiōng - older male cousin on mother's side
表弟 biǎodì - younger male cousin on mother's side
表姐 biǎojiě - older female cousin on mother's side
表妹 biǎomèi - younger female cousin on mother's side
侄子 zhízi - nephew (brother's son)
外甥 wàishēng - nephew (sister's son, used by males)
姨甥 yíshēng - nephew (sister's son, used by females)
侄女 zhínǚ - niece (brother's daughter)
外甥女 wàishengnǚ - niece (sister's daughter, used by males)
姨甥女 yíshengnǚ - niece (sister's daughter, used by females)
爷爷 yéye - grandpa (father's father)
外公 wàigōng - grandpa (mother's father)
奶奶 nǎinai - grandma (father's mother)
外婆 wàipó - grandma (mother's mother)
孙子 sūnzi - grandson (son's son)
外孙 wàisūn - grandson (daughter's son)
孙女 sūnnǚ - granddaughter (son's daughter)
外孙女 wàisūnnǚ - granddaughter (daughter's daughter)
老公 lǎogōng - husband
老婆 lǎopó - wife
姐夫 jiěfu - brother-in-law (older sister's husband)
妹夫 mèifu - brother-in-law (younger sister's husband)
大伯 dàbó - brother-in-law (husband's older brother)
小叔 xiǎoshū - brother-in-law (husband's younger brother)
大舅 dàjiù - brother-in-law (wife's older brother)
小舅 xiǎojiù - brother-in-law (wife's younger brother)
嫂子 sǎozi - sister-in-law (older brother's wife)
弟妹 dìmèi - sister-in-law (younger brother's wife)
大姑 dàgū - sister-in-law (husband's older sister)
小姑 xiǎogū - sister-in-law (husband's younger sister)
大姨 dàyí - sister-in-law (wife's older sister)
小姨 xiǎoyí - sister-in-law (wife's younger sister)
公公 gōnggong - father-in-law (husband's father)
岳父 yuèfù - father-in-law (wife's father)
婆婆 pópo - mother-in-law (husband's mother)
岳母 yuèmǔ - mother-in-law (wife's mother)
女婿 nǚxu - son-in-law
媳妇 xífù - daughter-in-law
How does your lang divide up kinship terms? Is it similar to English, simple like Hawaiian, insane like the Chinese languages?
English
brother - male sibling
sister - female sibling
father (formal), dad (informal) - male parent
mother (formal), mom (informal) - female parent
son - male child
daughter - female child
uncle - parent's brother or parent's sibling's husband
aunt - parent's sister or parent's sibling's wife
cousin - uncle/aunt's child
nephew - sibling or sibling-in-law's son
niece - sibling or sibling-in-law's daughter
grandfather (formal), grandpa (informal) - parent's father
grandmother (formal), grandma (informal) - parent's mother
grandson - child's son
granddaughter - child's daughter
husband - male spouse
wife - female spouse
brother-in-law - spouse's brother or sibling's husband
sister-in-law - spouse's sister or sibling's wife
father-in-law - spouse's father
mother-in-law - spouse's mother
son-in-law - child's husband
daughter-in-law - child's wife
Spanish
hermano - brother
hermana - sister
padre/papá - father/dad
madre/mamá - mother/mom
hijo - son
hija - daughter
tío - uncle
tía - aunt
primo - male cousin
prima - female cousin
sobrino - nephew
sobrina - niece
abuelo - grandfather
abuela - grandmother
nieto - grandson
nieta - granddaughter
esposo/marido - husband
esposa/mujer - wife ("mujer" also means "woman" in general)
cuñado - brother-in-law
cuñada - sister-in-law
suegro - father-in-law
suegra - mother-in-law
yerno - son-in-law
nuera - daughter-in-law ("yerna" also exists, but only in some dialects)
:zho: Mandarin
(It seems like a lot of these have both formal and informal counterparts, so I'll stick with the informal term of address. Also note that these vary a lot from region to region and from family to family and I'm just using what seem to be the most common and standard terms.)
哥哥 gēge - older brother
弟弟 dìdi - younger brother
姐姐 jiějie - older sister
妹妹 mèimei - younger sister
爸爸 bàba - dad
妈妈 māma - mom
儿子 érzi - son
女儿 nǚ'ér - daughter
伯伯 bóbo - uncle (father's older brother)
叔叔 shūshu - uncle (father's younger brother)
舅舅 jiùjiu - uncle (sister's brother)
姑丈 gūzhàng - uncle (father's sibling's wife)
姨丈 yízhàng - uncle (mother's sibling's wife)
姑姑 gūgu - aunt (father's sister)
姨妈 yímā - aunt (mother's sister)
伯娘 bóniáng - aunt (father's older sibling's wife)
婶婶 shěnshen - aunt (father's younger sibling's wife)
妗子 jìnzi - aunt (mother's sibling's wife)
堂兄 tángxiōng - older male cousin on father's side
堂弟 tángdì - younger male cousin on father's side
堂姐 tángjiě - older female cousin on father's side
堂妹 tángmèi - younger female cousin on father's side
表兄 biǎoxiōng - older male cousin on mother's side
表弟 biǎodì - younger male cousin on mother's side
表姐 biǎojiě - older female cousin on mother's side
表妹 biǎomèi - younger female cousin on mother's side
侄子 zhízi - nephew (brother's son)
外甥 wàishēng - nephew (sister's son, used by males)
姨甥 yíshēng - nephew (sister's son, used by females)
侄女 zhínǚ - niece (brother's daughter)
外甥女 wàishengnǚ - niece (sister's daughter, used by males)
姨甥女 yíshengnǚ - niece (sister's daughter, used by females)
爷爷 yéye - grandpa (father's father)
外公 wàigōng - grandpa (mother's father)
奶奶 nǎinai - grandma (father's mother)
外婆 wàipó - grandma (mother's mother)
孙子 sūnzi - grandson (son's son)
外孙 wàisūn - grandson (daughter's son)
孙女 sūnnǚ - granddaughter (son's daughter)
外孙女 wàisūnnǚ - granddaughter (daughter's daughter)
老公 lǎogōng - husband
老婆 lǎopó - wife
姐夫 jiěfu - brother-in-law (older sister's husband)
妹夫 mèifu - brother-in-law (younger sister's husband)
大伯 dàbó - brother-in-law (husband's older brother)
小叔 xiǎoshū - brother-in-law (husband's younger brother)
大舅 dàjiù - brother-in-law (wife's older brother)
小舅 xiǎojiù - brother-in-law (wife's younger brother)
嫂子 sǎozi - sister-in-law (older brother's wife)
弟妹 dìmèi - sister-in-law (younger brother's wife)
大姑 dàgū - sister-in-law (husband's older sister)
小姑 xiǎogū - sister-in-law (husband's younger sister)
大姨 dàyí - sister-in-law (wife's older sister)
小姨 xiǎoyí - sister-in-law (wife's younger sister)
公公 gōnggong - father-in-law (husband's father)
岳父 yuèfù - father-in-law (wife's father)
婆婆 pópo - mother-in-law (husband's mother)
岳母 yuèmǔ - mother-in-law (wife's mother)
女婿 nǚxu - son-in-law
媳妇 xífù - daughter-in-law