NSM canonical sentences

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Znex
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NSM canonical sentences

Post by Znex »

Per advice from a few people, I've decided to make a separate thread for NSM canonical sentences!

These are a good 150 ordinary (English) sentences that each use the various NSM semantic primes in context and can be translated to help sort out conlang grammar and syntax as is appropriate. As I've done in the other thread, I'll link the relevant pdf list here and copy it down below. I've translated all of it into Mandarin Chinese and French as examples too.
Spoiler:
SOMEONE~WHO, SOMETHING~THING~WHAT, PEOPLE, BODY
1. Who did it?
2. Someone took (ate, broke, etc.) it. I don’t know who.
3. What happened?
4. I did something bad.
5. What is this?
6. This thing is big/small.
7. They are good people.
8. Many people don’t know this.
9. Sometimes bad things happen to (good) people.
10. The body of a man is not like the body of a woman.
11. The stomach (liver, etc.) is part of people’s bodies, it is inside the body.

PARTS, KINDS
12. This thing (knife, axe, etc.) has two parts.
13. People’s (human) bodies have many parts.
14. There are two/many kinds of yam (bat, bird, etc.).
15. It looks like the same kind (of fish, bird, etc.). But it’s not. It’s another kind
16. There is (only) one kind of fish in this lake (one kind of bird in this forest, etc.)

THIS, THE SAME, OTHER~ELSE
17. This is good/bad.
18. This is a big/small basket (knife, bowl, etc.).
19. (I saw) these two people; all these people.
20. I saw the same person (or: the same people) the day after.
21. It happened at the same place/time, not at another place/time.
22. She did/said the same (the same thing).
23. Someone else did it.

ONE, TWO, SOME, ALL, MANY~MUCH, LITTLE~FEW
24. How many children does she have?
25. She has one child (two/many children).
26. How much water is there (in that well, bowl, etc.)?
27. There is much (little, very little) water here.
28. Many (or: not many) people live here.
29. (There were many people there.) After that, one/two (of them) left.
30. Some of these yams (lemons, etc.) are good, some are rotten.
31. In some places there are lots of fish (rabbits, birds, etc.).
32. There is water here.
33. Very few people live there now.
34. Many of them went to the east, some went to the west.
35. All his sons (daughters, etc.) are now married.
36. The fire burnt everything (e.g. in the house, on the island).

GOOD, BAD
37. Good people don’t do things like this.
38. This was good/bad for me.
39. It is good/bad if someone (or: people) does something like this.
40. I know this person/place well.
41. Some people can do this well, some people can’t.

THINK, KNOW, WANT, DON’T WANT
42. What are you thinking about?
43. I thought about it for a long time.
44. This person thinks something bad about me.
45. I thought like this: “ – – ”
46. Think well about it first (before you do it).
47. (Where is he now?) I don’t know. Maybe Mary knows.
48. He knows much (a lot) about things like this.
49. (She left yesterday). I know.
50. I want (don’t want) you to do it.
51. I want (don’t want) this to happen.

FEEL, SEE, HEAR
52. When you look at the stars at night, what do you feel?
53. When I swallow (something), I feel something very bad in my throat.
54. At that time (then), I didn’t feel anything.
55. I don’t feel anything bad towards him anymore.
56. I saw something (a dog, bird, etc.) there.
57. (After that), I saw something else.
58. She was singing – I heard it.
59. I hear something (over there in the bushes).
60. I couldn’t hear it.

SAY, WORDS, TRUE
61. ‘This is good’, I said.
62. What did he say?
63. He said something to her, but she didn’t hear it.
64. If I do this, people can say bad things about me.
65. She said the same (the same thing), but in other (i.e. different) words.
66. In language X, the word for ‘good’ is palya.
67. If you say one more word, ....
68. That’s not true.

DO, HAPPEN, MOVE, TOUCH
69. What did you do then (after that)?
70. Those people did something good for me.
71. What do people do with things like this (a spoon, needle, etc.)?
72. People do this with a knife (axe, stick, etc.).
73. Something good/bad happened to this person (to me).
74. At that moment, something happened inside him.
75. Something bad happened in that place.
76. (Look!) Something is moving over there.
77. Don’t move! (e.g. while putting on a bandaid or removing headlice)
78. I was very scared. I couldn’t move.
79. Something was touching my hand.
80. Don’t touch it! (It’s hot.)

THERE IS, (IS) MINE
81. There is someone in the garden.
82. There is/are no [e.g. water/spiders] here.
83. There are no ghosts (unicorns, etc.).
84. There are many kinds of nuts (yams, bats, etc.).
85. It’s mine.
86. It’s not yours. It’s mine.
87. I know it’s not mine. I want it to be mine.

BE (SOMEWHERE), BE (SOMEONE/SOMETHING)
88. What is on the table? I can’t see it.
89. I want to be with my mother (grandfather, father, etc.).
90. It was a long time ago. My father was a child at that time.
91. I don’t know what this is.
92. I don’t know who this is.

LIVE, DIE
93. [In story of olden days] These people lived for a long time.
94. Turtles (horses, whales, etc.) live for a long time.
95. At that time she was living with her mother.
96. Fish live in the sea.
97. All people die.
98. These people died a long time ago.

TIME~WHEN, NOW, BEFORE, AFTER, A LONG TIME, A SHORT TIME, FOR SOME TIME, IN ONE MOMENT
99. When did you do it? I did it when everyone was asleep.
100. I don’t know when it happened.
101. At the same time, something happened to me.
102. Sometimes I drink coffee in the morning, sometimes I drink tea.
103. This dog always barks at night.
104. They live in X now. They lived in Y before (this).
105. It happened beforehand/afterwards.
106. John was born before/after Harry (was born).
107. This happened a long time ago.
108. He was only there for a short time, but she was there for a long time.
109. She thought about it for some time.
110. It happened some time ago (i.e. some time before).
111. It happened in one moment.

PLACE~WHERE, HERE, NEAR, FAR, ABOVE, BELOW, ON (THIS) SIDE, INSIDE
112. Where is he now?
113. It didn’t happen here. It happened somewhere else (in another place).
114. Is it far from here?
115. Was Fred standing (sitting, etc.) near John?
116. The house (camp, etc.) is near the river.
117. It is far above the ground.
118. The head is above other parts of the body.
119. The feet are below other parts of the body.
120. John is now [standing/sitting] on this side (of me).
121. Mary was [standing/sitting] on my right-hand side, Sally was on my left-hand side.
122. They live on the other side of the river (mountain, etc.)
123. There were people standing on both sides of the road.
124. There is an insect inside this [e.g. walnut, apple].
125. Don’t open it. You don’t know what is inside.
126. Some people were in front of the house, others were inside.

BECAUSE, IF, MAYBE, CAN
127. There was a lot of noise (shouting, etc.). Because of this, I couldn’t sleep.
128. Why are you crying? Because he hit me.
129. If someone does this, something very bad can happen to people here.
130. Maybe he will come tomorrow, maybe he won’t (come tomorrow).
131. I can’t do it now, maybe my brother (friend, etc.) can.
132. I can’t do it now, but I can do it later.
133. I can’t not do it (i.e. I have to do it).
134. I can’t move my fingers (hands, etc.) now.

VERY, MORE
135. It is very good/bad/big/small.
136. This place [e.g. Gundaroo] is very far from here.
137. The stars (moon, etc.) are very very far.
138. When it happened to him, he felt something very very bad.
139. I very much want to do this.
140. More! (e.g. a child crying for food)
141. (I don’t know much about it.) I want to know more.
142. I want to see more.
143. She doesn’t live here anymore.
144. I want one more.

LIKE
145. This child is not like other children.
146. This is like lilac (or: any plant), but it is not lilac.
147. At a time like this; in a place like this.
148. He did it (sang, danced, etc.) like this: ...
149. It happened like this: ...
150. She sang like this: —— [to demonstrate loudness, pitch, voice quality, etc.]
In Chinese:
Spoiler:
SOMEONE~WHO, SOMETHING~THING~WHAT, PEOPLE, BODY
某人 ~有人 ~人~谁,某事~东西~什么,人(们),身体
1. 谁做的?
Shéi zuò de?
who do ATTR
2.有人拿了,我不知道是谁。
Yǒurén ná le, wǒ bù zhīdào shì shéi.
someone take PF | 1SG NEG know be who
3.发生了什么事?
Fāshēng le shénmeshì?
happen PF what.EMPH
4.我做了坏事。
Wǒ zuò le huài shì.
1SG do PF bad thing
5.这是什么?
Zhè shì shénme?
this be what
6. 这很大/小。
Zhè hĕn dà/xiǎo.
this COP.ADJ big/small
7. 他(们)是个好人。
Tā(men) shì gè hǎo rén.
3(-PL) be CL good person
8. 很多人都不知道。
Hĕn duō rén dōu bù zhīdào.
very many person all NEG know
9. 好人有时发生坏事。
Hǎo rén yǒushí fāshēng huài shì.
good person sometimes happen bad thing
10. 男人的身体和女人的身体不一样。/男人的身体不和女人的身体一样。
Nánrén de shēntǐ hé nǚrén de shēntǐ bù yīyàng./Nánrén de shēntǐ bù hé nǚrén de shēntǐ yīyàng.
man POSS body and woman POSS body NEG the_same / man POSS body NEG and woman POSS body the_same
11. 胃是神体里的部分,。
Wèi shì réntǐ lǐ de bùfēn.
stomach be human_body in ATTR part

PARTS, KINDS
部分,种
12. 这把刀有两部分。
Zhè bǎ dōu yǒu liǎng bùfēn.
this CL knife exist_at two part
13. 人体有多部分。
Réntǐ yǒu duō bùfēn.
human_body exist_at many part
14. 山药有两/多种。
Shānyao yǒu liǎng/duō zhǒng.
yam exist_at two/many kind
15. 它看起来像是同一种鱼,但是其实是不同的鱼,是不一样的。
Tā kàn qǐlái xiáng shì tóng yī zhǒng yú, dànshì qíshí shì bù tóng de yú, shì bù yīyàng de.
3 look at_first resemble be same one kind fish | but actually be NEG same ATTR fish | be NEG the_same ATTR
16. 这个湖里只有一种鱼。
Zhè ge hú lǐ zhǐ yǒu yī zhǒng yú.
this CL lake in only exist_at one kind fish

THIS, THE SAME, OTHER~ELSE
这,一样~同,别~另外~其他
17. 这很好。/这不好。
Zhè hĕn hǎo. / Zhè bù hǎo.
this very good | this NEG good
18. 这是大/小的篮子。
Zhè shì dà/xiǎo de lánzi.
this be big/small ATTR bowl
19. 我看见了这两个人/所有这些人。
Wǒ kànjiàn le zhè liǎng ge rén/suǒyǒu zhè xiē rén.
1SG see PF this two CL person/all this some person
20. 第二天我又看见了同一个人。
Dì èr tiān wǒ yòu kànjiàn le tóng yī ge rén.
ORD two. day 1SG again see PF same one CL person
21. 同样的时间/地方里发生了,没有不同。
Tóngyàng de shíjiān/dìfang lǐ fāshēng le, méiyǒu bù tóng.
same ATTR time/place at happen PF | not_as not same
22. 她做了同的事。
Tā zuò le tóng de shì.
3 do PF same ATTR thing
23. 别人做了。
Biérén zuò le.
someone_else do PF

ONE, TWO, SOME, ALL, MANY~MUCH, LITTLE~FEW
一,两,些~己,都~所有,都,少~点
24. 她有多少孩子?
Tā yǒu duōshǎo háizi?
3 exists_at how_many child
25. 她有一个/两个/很多孩子。
Tā yǒu yī ge/liǎng ge/hĕn duō háizi.
3 exists_at one CL/two CL/very many child
26. 那口井有多少水?
Nà kǒu jǐng yǒu duōshǎo shuǐ?
that CL well exists_at how_much water
27. (这儿)有很多/少/很少水。
(Zhèr) yǒu hĕn duō/shǎo/hĕn shǎo shuǐ.
(here) exists_at very much/little/very little water
28. 很多/少人住在这儿。
Hĕn duō/shǎo rén zhù zài zhèr.
very many/few person live at here
29. (那儿有很多人。) 以后一/两个走了。
(Nàr yǒu hĕn duō rén.) Yǐhòu yī/liǎng ge zǒu le.
there exists_at very many person | after_that one/two CL go_somewhere PF
30. 有些山药是好的,有些是烂的。
Yǒu xiē shānyao shì hǎo de, yǒu xiē shì làn de.
exists_at some yam be good ATTR | exists_at some be rotten ATTR
31. 些地方有多鱼。
Xiē dìfang yǒu duō yú.
some place exists_at many fish
32. (这儿)有水。
(Zhèr) yǒu shǔi.
(here) exists_at water
33. 现在很少人住在那儿。
Xiànzài hĕn shǎo rén zhù zài nàr.
now very few person live at there
34. 多去了东方,些去了西方。
Duō qù le dōngfāng, xiē qù le xīfāng.
many go_to PF the_east | some go_to PF the_west
35. 他的所有儿子现在都结婚了。
Tā de suǒyǒu érzi xiànzài dōu jiéhūn le.
3 POSS all son now all marry PF
36. 大火把房子里的东西全烧了。
Dàhuǒ bǎ fángzi lǐ de dōngxī quán shāo le.
big_fire OBJ house in ATTR thing entirely burn PF

GOOD, BAD
好,坏~不好
37. 好人不这么做。
Hǎo rén bù zhème zuò.
good person NEG in_this_manner do
38. 这对我很好/不好。
Zhè duì wǒ hĕn hǎo/bù hǎo.
this for 1SG very good/not good
39. 有人这么做(不)是件好事。
Yǒu rén zhème zuò (bù) shì jiàn hǎo shì.
exists_at person in_this_manner do (NEG) be CL good thing
40. 我很了解这个人/地方。
Wǒ hĕn liǎojiĕ zhè ge rén/dìfang.
1SG well know this CL person/place
41. 有些人会做得很好,有些不会。
Yǒu xiē rén huì zuò de hĕn hǎo, yǒu xiē bù huì.
exists_at some person know_how_to do ADV very good | exists_at some NEG know_how_to

THINK, KNOW, WANT, DON’T WANT
觉得~想,知道,想~要,不要
42. 你在想什么?
Nǐ zài xiǎng shénme?
2SG PROG think what
43. 我想了很久。
Wǒ xiǎng le hĕn jiǔ.
1SG think PF very long_time
44. 这个人在想我的坏事。
Zhè ge rén zài xiǎng wǒ de huài shì.
this CL person PROG think_about 1SG ATTR bad thing
45. 我以前这么想。
Wǒ yǐqián zhème xiǎng.
1SG previously in_this_manner think
46. (你做前)先好好想一下。
(Nǐ zuò qián) xiān hǎohǎo xiǎng yīxià.
2SG do before | first carefully think for_a_bit
47. (他现在在哪儿?) 我不知道,玛丽可能知道。
(Tā xiànzài zài nǎr?) Wǒ bù zhīdào, Mǎlì kĕnéng zhīdào.
3 now at where | 1SG NEG know | Mary maybe know
48. 他对这样的东西知道得很多。
Tā duì zhè yàng de dōngxī zhīdào de hĕn duō.
3 about this kind ATTR thing know ADV very much
49. (她昨天走了。)我知道。
(Tā zuótiān zǒu le.) Wǒ zhīdào.
3 yesterday go_somewhere PF | 1SG know
50. 我(不)要你做。
Wǒ (bù) yào nǐ zuò.
1SG (NEG) want 2SG do
51. 我(不)要这会发生。
Wǒ (bù) yào zhè huì fāshēng.
1SG (NEG) want this be_likely happen

FEEL, SEE, HEAR
觉得~想~感觉,看(见),听(到)
52. 你晚上看星星的时候觉得什么?
Nǐ wǎnshang kàn xīngxing de shíhou, juéde shénme?
2SG night look stars ATTR time | feel what
53. 我吞咽的时候觉得在喉咙很坏事。
Wǒ tūnyàn de shíhou, juéde zài hóulóng hĕn huài shì.
1SG swallow ATTR time | feel at throat very bad thing
54. 我以前什么也不觉得。
Wǒ yǐqián shénme yĕ bù juéde.
1SG previously anything AFF NEG feel
55. 我再也不觉得他的坏事了。
Wǒ zài yĕ bù juéde tā de huài shì le.
1SG again AFF NEG feel 3 ATTR bad thing INCH
56. 我在那儿看见东西/狗/鸟了。
Wǒ zài nàr kànjiàn dōngxī/gǒu/niǎn le.
1SG at there see thing/dog/bird INCH
57. (以后)我看见别的事了。
(Yǐhòu) wǒ kànjiàn bié de shì le.
(afterwards) 1SG see other ATTR thing INCH
58. 她以前在唱歌,我听到了。
Tā yǐqián zài chànggē, wǒ tīngdào le.
3 previously PROG sing | 1SG hear PF
59. 我听到了(,在灌木中)。
Wǒ tīngdào le(, zài guànmù zhōng).
1SG hear PF | be_at bush among
60. 我没听到。
Wǒ méi tīngdào.
1SG NEG.PF hear

SAY, WORDS, TRUE
说(话)我想和我妈妈在一起。讲,字~词~话,真
61. 《这很好》我说。
"Zhè hĕn hǎo", wǒ shuō.
this very good | 1SG say
62. 他说了什么?
Tā shuō le shénme?
3 say PF what
63. 他跟她说了什么,但是她没听到。
Tā gēn tā shuō le shénme, dànshi tā méi tīngdào.
3 with 3 say PF something | but 3 NEG.PF hear
64. 要是我这么做,人会说我的坏事。
Yàoshì wǒ zhème zuò, rén huì shuō wǒ de huài shì.
if 1SG in_this_manner do | person be_likely say 1SG ATTR bad thing
65. 她说同的话,但是用不同的词。
Tā shuō tóng de huà, dànshì yòng bù tóng de cí.
3 say same ATTR spoken_thing | but use NEG same ATTR word
66. 好在英文是《good》。
Hǎo zài Yīngwén shì "good".
good at English_language be "good"
67. 你要是再说一个词…
Nǐ yàoshì zài shuō yī ge cí...
2SG if again say one CL word
68. 这不是真的。
Zhè bù shì zhēn de.
this NEG be true ATTR

DO, HAPPEN, MOVE, TOUCH
做,发生,动,碰
69. (以后)你做了什么?
(Yǐhòu) nǐ zuò le shénme?
(afterwards) 2SG do PF what
70. 那些人帮我做好事。
Nà xiē rén bāng wǒ zuò hǎo shì.
that some person help 1SG do good thing
71. 人用这样的勺子作什么?
Rén yòng zhè yàng de sháozi zuò shénme?
person use this kind ATTR spoon do what
72. 人用刀这么做。
Rén yòng dāo zhème zuò.
person use knife in_this_manner do
73. 我发生了好/坏事。
Wǒ fāshēng le hǎo/huài shì
1SG happen PF good/bad thing
74. 当时在他里发生了什么事。
Dāngshí zài tā lǐ fāshēng le shénmeshì.
then at 3 in happen PF something.EMPH
75. 在那个地方发生了坏事。
Zài nà ge dìfang fāshēng le huài shì.
at that CL place happen PF bad thing
76. (看阿,)那儿有什么事在动。
(Kàn a,) nàr yǒu shénmeshì zài dòng.
(look INTJ) there exists_at something.EMPH PROG move
77. 别动!
Bié dòng!
NEG.IMP move
78. 我真害怕,不能动。
Wǒ zhēn hàipà, bù néng dòng.
1SG very be_scared | NEG can move
79. 有什么事以前在碰我的手。
Yǒu shénmeshì yǐqián zài pèng wǒ de shǒu.
exists_at something.EMPH previously PROG touch 1SG POSS hand
80. 别碰,很热。
Bíe pèng, hĕn rè.
NEG.IMP touch | very hot

THERE IS, (IS) MINE
有,(是)我的
81. 花园里有人。
Huāyuán lǐ yǒu rén.
garden in exists_at person
82. 这儿没有水/蜘蛛。
Zhèr méiyǒu shuǐ/zhīzhū.
here exists_at.NEG water/spider
83. 没有鬼魂/独角兽。鬼魂/独角兽不存在。
Méiyǒu guǐhún/dújiǎoshòu. Guǐhún/dújiǎoshòu bù cúnzài.
exists_at.NEG ghost/unicorn | ghost/unicorn NEG exist
84. 有多种坚果/山药/蝙蝠。
Yǒu duō zhǒng jiānguǒ/shānyao/biānfú.
exists_at many kind nut/yam/bat
85. 是我的。
Shì wǒ de.
be 1SG POSS
86. 不是你的,是我的。
Bù shì nǐ de, shì wǒ de.
NEG be 2SG POSS | be 1SG POSS
87. 我知道不是我的,想成为我的。
Wǒ zhīdào bù shì wǒ de, xiǎng chéngwéi wǒ de.
1SG know NEG be 1SG POSS | want_for become 1SG POSS

BE (SOMEWHERE), BE (SOMEONE/SOMETHING)
有~在,是
88. 卓子上有什么?我看不见。
Zhuōzi shàng yǒu shénme? Wǒ kàn bù jiàn.
table on exists_at what | 1SG look NEG see
89. 我想和我妈妈/爷爷/爸爸在一起。
Wǒ xiǎng hé wǒ māma/yéye/bàba zài yīqǐ.
1SG want_to with 1SG mum/father's_father/dad be_at together
90. 那是很久以前。我爸爸当时在年轻。
Nà shì hĕn jiǔ yǐqián. Wǒ bàba dāngshí zài niánqīng.
that be very long_time ago | 1SG dad then be_at youth
91. 我不知道这是什么。
Wǒ bù zhīdào zhè shì shénme.
1SG NEG know this be what
92. 我不知道这是谁。
Wǒ bù zhīdào zhè shì shéi.
1SG NEG know this be who

LIVE, DIE
(生)活,死
93. (很久以前)这些人活了很久。
(Hĕn jǐu yǐqián) zhè xiē rén huó le hĕn jiǔ.
(very long_time ago) this some person live PF very long_time
94. 海龟/马/鲸鱼活很久。
Hǎiguī/mǎ/jīngyú huó hĕn jiǔ.
turtle/horse/whale live very long_time
95. 她当时和她妈妈住在一起。
Tā dāngshí hé tā māma zhù zài yīqí.
3 then with 3 mum dwell at together
96. 鱼活在海里。
Yú huó zài hǎi lǐ.
fish live at sea in
97. 人都是要死的。
Rén dōu shì yào sǐ de.
person all be will die ATTR
98. 这些人很久以前死了。
Zhè xiē rén hĕn jiǔ yǐqián sǐ le.
this some person very long_time ago die PF

TIME~WHEN, NOW, BEFORE, AFTER, A LONG TIME, A SHORT TIME, FOR SOME TIME, IN ONE MOMENT
时候~时间,现在,之前~以前,之后~以后,很九,(一)会儿,(一)段时间,一刻
99. 你是什么时候做的?每个人都睡着了的时候,做了。
Nǐ shì shénme shíhou zuò de? Mĕi ge rén dōu shuìjiáo le de shíhou, zuò le.
2SG be what time do ATTR | every CL person all fall_asleep PF ATTR time | do PF
100. 我不知道是什么时候发生的。
Wǒ bù zhīdào shì shénme shíhou fāshēng de.
1SG NEG know be what time happen ATTR
101. 同时我发生了什么事。
Tóng shí wǒ fāshēng le shénmeshì.
same time 1SG happen PF something.EMPH
102. 我早上有时喝咖啡,有时喝茶。
Wǒ zǎoshang yǒushí hē kāfēi, yǒushí hē chá.
1SG morning sometimes drink coffee | sometimes drink tea
103. 这个狗免上一直在叫。
Zhè ge gǒu wǎnshang yīzhí zài jiào.
this CL dog night always PROG call
104. 他们现在住在北京。以前住在上海。
Tāmen xiànzài zhù zài Bĕijīng. Yǐqián zhù zài Shànghǎi.
3PL now live at Beijing | previously live at Shanghai
105. 以前/以后发生了。
Yǐqián/yǐhòu fāshēng le.
previously/afterwards happen PF
106. 哈利生以前/以后,约翰生了。
Hālì shēng yǐqián/yǐhòu, Yuēhàn shēng le.
Harry born before/after | John born PF
107. 这很久以前发生了。
Zhè hĕn jiǔ yǐqián fāshēng le.
this very long_time ago happen PF
108. 他只在那儿一会儿,但是她在那儿很久。
Tā zhǐ zài nàr yī huìr, dànshì tā zài nàr hĕn jiǔ.
3 only be_at there one moment | but 3 be_at there very long_time
109. 她想了一会儿。
Tā xiǎng le yī huìr.
3 think PF one while
110. 很好久以前发生了。
Zhè hǎojiǔ yǐqián fāshēng le.
this good_while ago happen PF
111. 马上发生了。
Mǎshàng fāshēng le.
instantly happen PF

PLACE~WHERE, HERE, NEAR, FAR, ABOVE, BELOW, ON (THIS) SIDE, INSIDE
地方,这里~这儿,近,远,上(面),下(面),边~面,里面
112. 他现在在哪儿?
Tā xiànzài zài nǎr?
3 now be_at where
113. 这儿没发生,在别的地方发生了。
Zhèr méi fāshēng, zài bié de dìfang fāshēng le.
here NEG.PF happen | at different ATTR place happen PF
114. 离这儿远吗?
Lí zhèr yuǎn ma?
from here far Q
115. 弗雷德以前站在约翰的附近吗?
Fúléidé yǐqián zhàn zài Yuēhàn de fùjìn ma?
Fred previously stand be_at John ATTR nearby Q
116. 房子在河边。
Fángzi zài hé biān.
house be_at river side
117. 远在地面上。
Yuǎn zài dìmiàn shàng.
far be_at ground above
118. 头在身体其他部分上。
Tóu zài shēntǐ qítā bùfen shàng.
head be_at body other part above
119. 洗在身体其他部分下。
Xǐ zài shēntǐ qítā bùfen xià.
foot be_at body other part below
120. 约翰现在在我旁边站着。
Yuēhàn xiànzài zài wǒ pángbiān zhàn zhe.
John now at 1SG side stand STAT
121. 玛丽以前在我右边坐着,萨莉在(我)左边。
Mǎlì yǐqián zài wǒ yòubian zuò zhe, Sàlì zài (wǒ) zuǒbian.
Mary previously at 1SG right_side sit STAT | Sally at (1SG) left_side
122. 他们住在河的另一边。
Tāmen zhù zài hé de yī biān.
3PL live at river ATTR other one side
123. 路两边有很多人站着。
Lù liǎngbian yǒu hĕn duō rén zhàn zhe.
road both_sides exist_at very many person stand STAT
124. 苹果里有虫子。
Píngguǒ lǐ yǒu chóngzi.
apple in exist_at bug/insect
125. 别打开,不知道里边有什么。
Bié dǎkāi, bù zhīdào lǐbian yǒu shénme.
NEG.IMP open | NEG know inside exist_at what
126. 方子面前有些人,里边有别的。
Fángzi miànqián yǒu xiē rén, lǐbian yǒu bié de.
house in_front exist_at some person | inside exist_at other ATTR

BECAUSE, IF, MAYBE, CAN
因为,要是~如果,可能~也许,能~可以
127. 以前有很多噪音,所以我睡不着。
Yǐqián yǒu hĕn duō zàoyīn, suǒyǐ wǒ shuì bù zhe.
previously exist_at very much noise | so 1SG sleep NEG fall
128. 你为什么在哭器呢?因为他打了我。
2SG why PROG cry PROG | because 3SG hit PF 1SG
129. 要是有人怎么做,这儿的人们会发生真坏事。
Yàoshì yǒurén zhème zuò, zhèr de rénmen hùi fāshēng zhēn huàishì.
if someone in_this_manner do | here ATTR people be_likely happen really bad_thing
130. 他明天可能来,可能不来。
Tā míngtiān kĕnéng lái, kĕnéng bù lái.
3SG tomorrow maybe come | maybe NEG come
131. 我现在不能做,也许我哥哥/朋友能。
Wǒ xiànzài bù néng zuò, yĕxǔ wǒ gēge/péngyou néng.
1SG now NEG be_able do | maybe 1SG older_brother/friend be_able
132. 我现在不能做,但以后再做吧。
Wǒ xiànzài bù néng zuò, dàn yǐhòu zài zuò ba.
1SG now NEG be_able do | but later again do SUGG
133. 我不能不这么做。
Wǒ bù néng bù zhème zuò.
1SG NEG be_able NEG in_this_manner do
134. 我现在手指/手都动不了了。
Wǒ xiànzài shǒuzhǐ/shǒu dōu dòng bù liǎo le.
1SG now finger/hand all move NEG achieve INCH

VERY, MORE
很~真,更多~一点
135. 是真好/不好/大/小的。
Shì zhēn hǎo/bù hǎo/dà/xiǎo de.
be really good/NEG good/big/small ATTR
136. 甘德鲁远远离这儿。
Gāndélǔ yuǎnyuǎn lí zhèr.
Gundaroo far.AUG from here
137. 星星/月亮太远了。
Xīngxing/yuèliang tài yuǎn le.
stars/moon extremely far INTS
138. 他发生的时候,觉得非常糟糕的事。
Tā fāshēng de shíhou, juéde fēicháng zāogāo de shì.
3SG happen ATTR time | feel extraordinarily terrible ATTR thing
139. 我非常要这么做。
Wǒ fēichāng yào zhème zuò.
1SG extraordinarily want in_this_way do
140. 更多!
Gèng duō!
COMP much
141. (我也知道的不多。) 想知道更多。
(Wǒ yĕ zhīdào de bù duō.) Xiǎng zhīdào gèng duō.
1SG yet know ATTR NEG much | want_to know COMP much
142. 我想看到更多。
Wǒ xiǎng kàndào gèng duō.
1SG want_to see COMP much
143. 她不住在这儿了。
Tā bù zhù zài zhèr le.
3SG NEG live at here INCH
144. 我再想一个。
Wǒ zài xiǎng yī gè.
1SG again want one CL

LIKE

145. 这个孩子跟其他孩子不同的。
Zhè ge háizi gēn qítā háizi bù tóng de.
this CL child with other child not same ATTR
146. 这棵看起来像丁香,但是不是。
Zhè kē kànqǐlái xiáng dīngxiāng, dànshi bù shì.
this CL at_first_glance resemble lilac | but NEG be
147. 这个时候/在这个地方
Zhè ge shíhou/zài zhè ge dìfang
this CL time | at this CL place
148. 他跟我歌歌/埃爾維斯·皮禮士利唱歌唱/跳舞跳得一样。
Tā gēn wǒ gēge/Āiĕrwéisī Pílǐshìlì chàng gē chàng/tiào wǔ tiào de yīyàng.
3SG with 1SG older_brother/Elvis Presley sing song sing/jump dance jump MANN the_same
149. 事情发生是这样的。
Shìqing fāshēng shì zhèyàng de.
matter happen be this_sort ATTR
150. 她大声/极高/沙哑地唱歌了。
Tā dàshēng/jígāo/shāyǎ de chànggē le.
3SG very_loud/very_high/hoarsely ADV sing PF
In French:
Spoiler:
SOMEONE~WHO, SOMETHING~THING~WHAT, PEOPLE, BODY
quelqu'un~qui~quoi, quelque~chose~qui~que~qu'est-ce que, personnes~gens~monde, corps
1. Qui l'a fait?
WH 3SG-have.PRS.3SG do.PST.PART
2. Quelqu'un l'a pris, je ne sais pas qui.
some-one.M 3SG-have.PRS.3SG take.PST.PRT | 1SG.NOM NEG know.PRS.1SG NEG WH
3. Qu'est-ce qui s'est passé?
WH.EMPH.NOM REFL-be.PRS.3SG happen.PST.PART
4. J'ai fait quelque chose de mal.
1SG.NOM-have.PRS.1SG do.PST.PART some thing ATTR bad
5. Qu'est-ce que c'est?
WH.EMPH this-be.PRS.3SG
6. Cette chose est grande/petite.
this.F thing be.PRS.3SG big.F/small.F
7. Ils sont bonnes personnes.
3PL be.PRS.3PL good-PL person-PL
8. Beaucoup de personnes ne ce savent pas.
lots of person-PL NEG this know-PRS.3PL NEG
9. Mauvaises choses arrivent parfois à bonnes personnes.
bad-PL thing-PL happen-PRS.3PL sometimes to good-PL person-PL
10. Le corps d'un homme n'est pas comme le corps d'une femme.
DEF.M body of-one.M man NEG be.PRS.3SG NEG like DEF.M body of-one.F woman
11. L'estomac est partie des corps des gens, c'est dans le corps.
DEF.M stomach be.PRS.3SG part of-DEF.PL body of-DEF.PL people | it-be.PRS.3SG in DEF.M body

PARTS, KINDS
partie, sorte~genre~type
12. Ce couteau a deux parties.
this.M knife have.PRS.3SG two part-PL
13. Les corps des gens ont plusieurs parties.
DEF.PL body of-DEF.PL people have.PRS.3PL many part-PL
14. Il y a deux/plusieurs sortes de ignames/chauves-souris/oiseaux.
3MSG there-have.PRS.3SG two/many sort-PL of yam-PL/bat-PL/bird-PL
15. Il ressemble à la même sorte de poisson/oiseau, mais il n'est pas, il est une autre sorte.
3MSG look_like.PRS.3SG to DEF.F same sort of fish/bird | but 3MSG NEG-be.PRS.3SG NEG | 3MSG be.PRS.3SG INDEF.F other sort
16. Il n'y a qu'un genre de poisson dans ce lac/qu'un genre d'oiseau dans cette forêt.
3MSG NEG-there-have.PRS.3GS PART=one.M kind of fish in this.M lake / PART=one.M kind of bird in this.F forest

THIS, THE SAME, OTHER~ELSE
ce(tte), l[ea] même, autre
17. C'est bon/mal.
this-be.PRS.3SG good/bad
18. C'est un grand/petit panier/couteau/bol.
this-be.PRS.3SG INDEF.M big.M/small.M basket/knife/bowl
19. J'ai vu ces deux personnes/tout ces personnes.
1SG.NOM-have.PRS.1SG see.PST.PART this-PL two person-PL/all this-PL person-PL
20. J'ai vu la même personne/les même personnes le jour suivant.
1SG.NOM-have.PRS.1SG see.PST.PART DEF.F same person/DEF-PL same person-PL DEF.M day following
21. C'est arrivé au même endroit/en même temps, pas à un autre endroit/dans un autre temps.
this-be.PRS.3SG happen.PST.PART at-DEF.M same place/in same time | not at INDEF.M other place/during INDEF.M other time
22. Elle a faite de même/a dite la même chose.
3FSG have.PRS.3SG do.PST.PART-F of same | have.PRS.3SG do.PST.PART-F DEF.F same thing
23. Quelqu'un d'autre l'a fait.
someone.M ATTR=other 3SG.ACC-have.PRS.3SG do.PST.PART

ONE, TWO, SOME, ALL, MANY~MUCH, LITTLE~FEW
un(e), deux, certains, tout, beaucoup de~de nombreux, peu de
24. Elle a combien d'enfants?
3FSG have.PRS.3SG how_many of=child.PL
25. Elle a un enfant/deux enfants/beaucoup d'enfants.
3FSG have.PRS.3SG one child/two child.PL/many of child.PL
26. Combien d'eau est dans le puits/bol?
how_much of=water be.PRS.3SG in DEF.M well/bowl
27. Il y a ici beaucoup d'eau/peu d'eau/très peu d'eau.
3MSG there-have.PRS.3SG here a_lot of=water/little of=water/very little of=water
28. Beaucoup/Peu de gens vivent ici.
many/few of people live-PRS.3PL here
29. (Il y a là beaucoup de gens.) Après cela, l'un/les deux (d'eux) a/ont quitté(s).
3MSG there-have.PRS.3SG there many of people | after that | DEF=one.M/DEF.PL two of=3PL.ACC have.PRS.3SG/3PL leave.PST.PART(-PL)
30. Une partie de ces ignames/citrons sont bonnes, une partie sont avariées.
INDEF.F amount of this-PL yam-PL/lemon-PL be.PRS.3PL good-PL | INDEF.F amount be.PRS.3PL rotten-F.PL
31. À certains endroits, il y a beaucoup de poissons/lapins/oiseaus.
in some-PL place-PL | 3MSG there-have.PRS.3SG many of fish-PL/rabbit-PL/bird-PL
32. Il y a ici de l'eau.
3MSG there-have.PRS.3SG here of DEF=water
33. Très peu de gens vivant là maintenant.
very few of people live-PRS.3PL there now
34. Beaucoup d'entre eux sont allés à l'est, certains sont allés à l'ouest.
many among 3PL.OBL be.PRS.3PL go.PST.PART-PL to DEF=east | some be.PRS.3PL go.PST.PART-PL to DEF=west
35. Tous ses fils/filles sont maintenant marié(e)s.
all.PL 3SG.POSS.PL son-PL/daughter-PL be.PRS.3PL now marry.PST.PART-(F)PL
36. Le feu a tout brulé (dans la maison/sur l'ile).
DEF.M fire have.PRS.3SG everything burn.PST.PART in DEF.F house/on DEF=island

GOOD, BAD
bon, mal
37. Les bonnes personnes ne font pas ce genre de choses.
DEF.PL good-F.PL person-PL NEG do.PRS.3PL NEG this sort of thing-PL
38. C'est bon/mal pour moi.
this-be.PRS.3SG good/bad for 1SG.PREP
39. C'est bon/mal si quelqu'un/les gens fait/font quelque chose comme ça.
this-be.PRS.3SG good/bad if someone/DEF-PL people do.PRS.3SG/3PL some thing like this
40. Je sais bien cette personne/cet endroit.
1SG.NOM know.PRS.1SG well this.F person/this place
41. Certaines personnes peuvent faire bien ça, certaines personnes ne peuvent pas.
some-F.PL person-PL can-PRS.3PL do.INF well this | some-F.PL person-PL NEG can-PRS.3PL NEG

THINK, KNOW, WANT, DON’T WANT
penser~réfléchir, savoir~connaître, vouloir, (ne) vouloir pas
42. À quoi tu penses?
to what 2SG.NOM think.PRS.2SG
43. J'y ai réfléchi longtemps.
1SG.NOM=ANAPH have.PRS.1SG reflect.PST.PART long_time
44. Cette personne pense quelque chose de mal à moi.
this-F person think.PRS.3SG some thing ATTR bad to 1SG.PREP
45. J'ai pensé comme ça.
1SG.NOM-have.PRS.1SG think.PST.PART like this
46. Penses-y bien d'abord (avant de le faire).
think.PRS.2SG=ANAPH well at_first | before of 3MSG.ACC do.INF
47. (Il est où maintenant?) Je sais pas, peut-être Marie sait.
3MSG.NOM be.PRS.3SG where now | 1SG.NOM know.PRS.1SG NEG | maybe Mary know.PRS.3SG
48. Il connaît beaucoup sur choses comme ça.
3MSG.NOM know.PRS.3SG much about thing-PL like this
49. (Elle a quittée hier.) Je sais.
3FSG.NOM have.PRS.3SG leave.PST.PART-F yesterday | 1SG.NOM know.PRS.1SG
50. Je veux/ne veux pas que tu le fais.
1SG want.PRS.1SG/NEG want.PRS.1SG NEG SBRD 2SG 3MSG.ACC do.PRS.2SG
51. Je veux/ne veux pas que ça se passe.
1SG want.PRS.1SG/NEG want.PRS.1SG NEG SBRD this REFL.ACC happen.PRS.3SG
I want (don’t want) this to happen.

FEEL, SEE, HEAR
sentir~resentir~éprouver, voir, entendre
52. Quand tu regardes les étoiles la nuit, qu'est-ce que tu ressens?
when 2SG.NOM look_at.PRS.2SG DEF-PL star-PL DEF.F night | what.EMPH 2SG.NOM feel.PRS.2SG
53. Quand j'avale, je ressens quelque chose de très mal dans la gorge.
when 1SG.NOM=swallow.PRS.1SG | 1SG.NOM feel.PRS.1SG some thing ATTR very bad in DEF.F throat
54. À l'époque, je n'ai rien ressenti.
at DEF=time | 1SG.NOM NEG=have.PRS.1SG nothing feel.PST.PART
55. Je n'eprouve plus rien de mal pour lui maintenant.
1SG.NOM NEG=feel.PRS.1SG no_more nothing ATTR bad for 3SG.PREP now
56. J'ai vu quelque chose/un chien/un oiseau là.
1SG.NOM=have.PRS.1SG see.PST.PART some thing/INDEF.M dog/INDEF.M bird there
57. (Après cela,) j'ai vu quelque chose d'autre.
after that | 1SG.NOM=have.PRS.1SG see.PST.PART some thing ATTR=other
58. Elle a chantée, j'ai entendu.
3FSG.NOM have.PRS.3SG sing.PST.PART-F | 1SG.NOM=have.PRS.1SG hear.PST.PART
59. J'entends quelque chose, là-bas dans les buissons.
1SG.NOM-hear.PRS.SG some thing | over_there in DEF-PL bush-PL
60. Je n'ai pas entendu.
1SG.NOM NEG=have.PRS.1SG NEG hear.PST.PART

SAY, WORDS, TRUE
dire, mots, vrai
61. « C'est bon » que j'ai dit.
this-be.PRS.3SG good | REL 1SG.NOM-have.PRS.1SG say.PST.PART
62. Qu'est-ce que il a dit?
what.EMPH 3MSG.NOM have.PRS.3SG say.PST.PART
63. Il a dit quelque chose à lui, mais elle a pas entendue.
3MSG.NOM have.PRS.3SG say.PST.PART some thing to 3FSG.DAT | but 3FSG.NOM have.PRS.3SG NEG hear.PST.PART-F
64. Si je fais ça, les gens peuvent dire mauvaises choses sur moi.
if 1SG.NOM do.PRS.SG this | DEF-PL people can-PRS.3PL say.INF bad-F.PL thing-PL about 1SG.PREP
65. Elle a dite la même chose, mais avec des mots différents.
3FSG.NOM have.PRS.3SG say.PST.PART-F DEF.F same thing | but with PAR-DEF.PL word-PL different-PL
66. En néerlandais, le mot pour « bon » est « goed »
in Dutch_language | DEF.M word for good be.PRS.3SG "goed"
67. Si tu as dit un mot de plus …
if 2SG.NOM have.PRS.2SG say.PST.PART one.M word ATTR more
68. C'est pas vrai.
that-be.PRS.3SG NEG true

DO, HAPPEN, MOVE, TOUCH
faire, se passer~arriver~se produire, déplacer~bouger, toucher
69. Qu'est-ce que tu as fait alors?
WH.EMPH 2SG.NOM have.PRS.2SG do.PST.PART then
70. Ces gens-là ont faits quelque chose de bien pour moi.
that-PL people there have.PRS.3PL do.PST.PART-PL some thing ATTR good for 1SG.PREP
Those people did something good for me.
71. Qu'est-ce que les gens font avec choses comme ça/une cuillère/une aiguille?
WH.EMPH DEF-PL people do.PRS.3PL with thing-PL like this/INDEF.F spoon/INDEF.F needle
72. Les gens font ça avec un couteau/une hache/un bâton.
DEF-PL people do.PRS.3PL this with INDEF.M knife/INDEF.F axe/INDEF.M stick
73. Quelque chose de bien/mal m'est arrivé.
some thing ATTR good/bad 1SG.ACC-be.PRS.3SG happen.PST.PART
74. À ce moment-là, quelque chose s'est passé en lui.
at that moment=there | some thing REFL-be.PRS.3SG happen.PST.PART in 3SG.PREP
75. Quelque chose de mal s'est passé là-bas.
some thing ATTR bad REFL-be.PRS.3SG happen.PST.PART there
76. (Regarde!) Quelque chose bouge par là.
look.IMP.2SG | some thing move.PRS.3SG over there
77. Ne bouge pas!
NEG move.IMP.2SG NEG
78. J'avais tres peur. Je ne pouvais pas bouger.
1SG.NOM-have.IMPF.1SG very scared | 1SG.NOM NEG can.IMPF.1SG NEG move.INF
79. Quelque chose a touché ma main.
some thing have.PRS.3SG touch.PST.PART 1SG.POSS.F hand
80. N'y touche pas! (La plaque de cuisson/l'assiette, c'est chaud.)
NEG=ANAPH touch.IMP.2SG NEG | DEF.F stovetop/DEF-plate | this-be.PRS.3SG hot

THERE IS, (IS) MINE
il y a, (être) l[ea] mien(ne)
81. Il y a quelqu'un dans le jardin.
3MSG there-have.PRS.3SG someone in DEF.M garden
82. Il n'y a pas d'eau/d'araignées ici.
3MSG NEG=there-have.PRS.3SG PAR=water/PAR=spider-PL here
83. Il n'y a pas de fantômes/licornes. Ils n'existent pas.
3MSG NEG=there-have.PRS.3SG PAR ghost-PL/unicorn-PL | 3MPL NEG=exist-PRS.3PL NEG
84. Il y a beaucoup de sortes de noix/d'ignames/de chauves-souris.
3MSG there-have.PRS.3SG many ATTR sort-PL of nuts/of=yam-PL/of bat-PL
85. C'est le mien.
this-be.PRS.3SG DEF.M 1SG.POSS.PRO
86. Ce n'est pas le tien, c'est le mien.
that NEG=be.PRS.3SG NEG DEF.M 2SG.POSS.PRO | that-be.PRS.3SG DEF.M 1SG.POSS.PRO
87. Je sais que c'est pas le mien, je veux que ce soit le mien.
1SG.NOM know.PRS.1SG SBRD that=be.PRS.3SG NEG DEF.M 1SG.POSS.PRO | 1SG.NOM want.PRS.1SG SBRD that be.PRS.SUBJ.3SG DEF.M 1SG.POSS.PRO

BE (SOMEWHERE), BE (SOMEONE/SOMETHING)
être (quelque part), être (quelqu'un/quelque chose)
88. C'est quoi, sur la table? Je le vois pas.
this-be.PRS.3SG DEF.M WH.OBL | on DEF.F table | 1SG.NOM 3MSG.ACC see.PRS.1SG NEG
89. Je veux être avec ma mère/mon grand-père/mon père.
1SG.NOM want.PRS.1SG be.INF with 1SG.POSS.F mother/1SG.POSS.M grandfather/1SG.POSS.M father
90. C'etait il y a longtemps. Mon père, il était un enfant à cette époque.
this-be.IMPF.3SG 3MSG there-have.PRS.3SG long_time | 1SG.POSS.M father | 3MSG.NOM be.IMPF.3SG INDEF.M child at that.F period_of_time
91. J'ignore ce que c'est.
1SG.NOM-don't_know.PRS.1SG this what this-be.PRS.3SG
92. Je ne sais pas qui c'est.
1SG.NOM NEG know.PRS.1SG NEG who this-be.PRS.3GS

LIVE, DIE
vivre, mourir
93. (Il y a longtemps,) ces gens vivaient très longtemps.
3MSG.NOM there-have.PRS.3SG long_time | this-PL people live-IMPF.3PL very long_time
94. Les tortues/chevaux/baleines vivent longtemps.
DEF.PL turtle-PL/horse-PL/whale-PL live.PRS.3PL long_time
95. À cette époque, elle vivait avec sa mère.
at that.F period_of_time | 3FSG.NOM live.IMPF.3SG with 3SG.POSS.F
96. Les poissons vivent dans la mer.
DEF.PL fish-PL live.PRS.3PL in DEF.F sea
97. Tout le monde meurt.
all DEF.M people die.PRS.3SG
98. Ces gens, ils ont mort depuis longtemps.
this-PL people | 3MPL have.PRS.3PL die.PST.PART since long_time

TIME~WHEN, NOW, BEFORE, AFTER, A LONG TIME, A SHORT TIME, FOR SOME TIME, IN ONE MOMENT
temps~quand~pendant que, maintenant, avant, après, longtemps, une courte période, pendant/depuis un certain/quelque temps, en un instant
99. Quand tu l'as fait? J'ai fait pendant que tout le monde dormait.
when 2SG.NOM 3SG.OBL-have.PRS.2SG do.PST.PART | 1SG.NOM-have.PRS.1SG do.PST.PART while all DEF.M people sleep-IMPF.3SG
100. J'ignore quand c'est arrivé.
1SG.NOM-don't_know.PRS.1SG when this-be.PRS.3SG happen.PST.PART
101. Dans le même temps, quelque chose m'est arrivé.
at DEF.M same time | some thing 1SG.ACC-be.PRS.3SG happen.PST.PART
102. Parfois je bois du café le matin, parfois je bois du thé.
sometimes 1SG.NOM drink.PRS.SG PAR.M coffee DEF.M morning | sometimes 1SG.NOM drink.PRS.SG PAR.M tea
103. Ce chien aboie toujours la nuit.
this.M dog bark.PRS.3SG always DEF.F night
104. Ils habitent à Paris maintenant. Ils habitaient à Marseille avant.
3MPL live.PRS.3PL in Paris now | 3MPL live-IMPF.3PL in Marseilles before
105. C'est arrivé avant/après.
this-be.PRS.3SG happen.PST.PART before/after
106. Jean est né avant/après Henri.
John be.PRS.3SG be_born.PST.PART before/after Harry
107. Ça s'est passé il y a longtemps.
this REF-be.PRS.3SG happen.PST.PART 3MSG.NOM there-have.PRS.3SG long_time
108. Il n'y a vecú pendant une courte période, mais elle y a vecúe longtemps.
3MSG.NOM NEG=there-have.PRS.3SG live.PST.PART for INDEF.F short-F period | but 3FSG.NOM there-have.PRS.3SG live.PST.PART-F long_time
109. Elle y pensait pendant un certain temps.
3FSG.NOM ANAPH think.IMPF.3SG for INDEF.M some.M time
110. C'est arrivé il y a quelque temps.
this-be.PRS.3SG happen.PST.PART 3MSG.NOM there-have.PRS.3SG some time
111. Ça s'est passé en un instant.
this REF-be.PRS.3SG happen.PST.PART in INDEF.M instant

PLACE~WHERE, HERE, NEAR, FAR, ABOVE, BELOW, ON (THIS) SIDE, INSIDE
endroit~où, ici~là, près (de), loin (de), au dessus, au dessous, de (ce) côté, dedans~à l'intérieur
112. Il est où maintenant?
3MSG.NOM be.PRS.3SG where now
113. C'est pas arrivé là, c'est arrivé autre part.
this-be.PRS.3SG NEG happen.PST.PART here | this-be.PRS.3SG happen.PST.PART other place
114. C'est loin de là?
this-be.PRS.3SG far from here
115. Frédéric, il se tenait près de Jean?
Fred | 3MSG.NOM REF.ACC stand-IMPF.3SG near from John
116. La maison/le camp est près du fleuve.
DEF.F house/DEF.M camp be-PRS.3SG near from-DEF.M river
117. C'est bien au dessus du sol.
this-be.PRS.3SG well to-DEF.M top of-DEF.M ground
118. La tête est au dessus des autres parties du corps.
DEF.F head be.PRS.3SG to-DEF.M top of-DEF.PL other-PL part-PL of-DEF.M body
119. Les pieds sont au dessous des autres parties du corps.
DEF.PL foot-PL be.PRS.3PL to-DEF.M bottom of-DEF.PL other-PL part-PL of-DEF.M body
120. Jean, il s'est debout/assis de ce côté (de moi).
John | 3MSG.NOM REF-be.PRS.3SG standing/sit.PST.PART ATTR this side | of 1SG.PREP
121. Marie s'est debout/assis à ma droite, et Sarah, elle est à ma gauche.
Mary REF-be.PRS.3SG standing/sit.PST.PART on 1SG.POSS.F right | and Sarah 3FSG.NOM be.PRS.3SG on 1SG.POSS.F left
122. Ils vivent de l'autre côté de la rivière/de la montagne/du village.
3PL.NOM live.PRS.3PL ATTR DEF=other side of DEF.F river/of DEF.F mountain/of-DEF.M village
123. Il y avait des gens qui se tenaient des deux côtés de la route.
3MSG.NOM there-have.IMPF.3SG PAR-PL people who REFL.ACC stand-IMPF.3PL ATTR-DEF.PL two side-PL of DEF.F road
124. Il y a un insect dans la noix/la pomme.
3MSG.NOM there-have.PRS.3SG INDEF.M insect in DEF.F walnut/DEF.F apple
125. Ne l'ouvre pas, tu ne sais pas ce qu'il y a dedans.
NEG 3MSG.ACC-open.IMP.2SG NEG | 2SG NEG know.PRS.2SG NEG this REL=3MSG there-have.PRS.3SG inside
126. Certaines personnes étaient devant la maison, les autres étaient à l'intérieur.
some-PL person-PL be.IMPF.3PL in_front DEF.F house | DEF.PL other-PL be.IMPF.3PL in DEF=interior

BECAUSE, IF, MAYBE, CAN
parce que~car, si, peut-être, pouvoir~arriver
127. Il y avait beaucoup de bruit. Je n'arrivais pas à dormir à cause de cela.
3MSG.NOM there-have.IMPF.3SG lots of noise | 1SG.NOM NEG=manage_to-IMPF.1SG NEG to sleep.INF for reason ATTR this
128. Pourquoi tu pleures? Parce qu'il m'a frappé.
why 2SG.NOM cry.PRS.2SG | because=3MSG.NOM 1SG.ACC-have.PRS.3SG hit.PST.PART
129. Si quelqu'un fait ça, quelque chose de mal peut arriver aux gens là.
if someone do.PRS.3SG this | some thing ATTR bad can.PRS.3SG happen.INF to-DEF.PL people here
130. Peut-être il vient demain, peut-être il vient pas.
maybe 3MSG.NOM come.PRS.3SG tomorrow | maybe 3MSG.NOM come.PRS.3SG NEG
131. J'y arrive pas maintenant, peut-être mon frère/mon ami/ma compagne y arrive.
1SG.NOM=ANAPH can_do.PRS.1SG NEG now | maybe 1SG.POSS.M brother/1SG.POSS.M friend/1SG.POSS.F partner ANAPH can_do.PRS.3SG
132. Je ne peux pas le faire maintenant, mais je peux le faire plus tard.
1SG.NOM NEG can.PRS.1SG NEG 3MSG.ACC do.INF now | but 1SG.NOM can.PRS.1SG 3MSG.ACC do.INF COMP late
133. Je ne peux pas m'en passer.
1SG.NOM NEG can.PRS.1SG NEG 1SG.ACC=ANAPH do_without.INF
134. Je peux pas bouger les doigts/les mains/la tête maintenant.
1SG.NOM can.PRS.1SG NEG move.INF DEF.PL finger-PL/DEF.PL hand-PL/DEF.F head now

VERY, MORE
très, plus
135. C'est très bien/mal/grand/petit.
this-be.PRS.3SG very good/bad/big/small
136. Cet endroit, c'est très loin de là.
this.M place | this-be.PRS.3SG very far from here
137. Les étoiles, ce sont très très loin.
DEF.PL star-PL | this be.PRS.3PL very very far
138. Quand ça l'est arrivé, il a ressenti quelque chose de très très mal.
when this 3MSG.ACC-be.PRS.3SG happen.INF | 3MSG.NOM have.PRS.3SG feel.PST.PART some thing ATTR very very bad
139. Je veux vraiment faire ça.
1SG.NOM want.PRS.1SG really do.INF this
140. Plus!
more
141. (J'en sais peu de choses.) Je veux en savoir plus.
1SG.NOM=ANAPH know.PRS.1SG little of thing-PL | 1SG.NOM want.PRS.1SG ANAPH know.INF more
142. Je veux en voir plus.
1SG.NOM want.PRS.1SG ANAPH see.INF more
143. Elle n'habite pas ici désormais.
3FSG.NOM NEG=abide.PRS.3SG NEG here anymore
144. J'en veux encore un autre.
1SG.NOM=ANAPH want.PRS.1SG again one other

LIKE
comme~pareil
145. Cet enfant, il n'est pas comme les autres enfants.
this.M child | 3MSG.NOM NEG-be.PRS.3SG NEG like DEF-PL other-PL child-PL
146. Ce ressemble à la lilas, mais ce n'est pas une lilas.
this resemble.PRS.3SG to DEF.F lilac | but this NEG-be.PRS.3SG NEG INDEF.F lilac
147. Dans un moment pareil, dans un endroit pareil.
at INDEF.M moment alike, in INDEF.M place alike
148. Il a chanté/dansé/joué comme ça …
3MSG.NOM have.PRS.3SG sing.PST.PART/dance.PST.PART/play_instrument.PST.PART like this
149. C'est arrivé comme ça …
this-be.PRS.3SG happen.PST.PART like this
150. Elle chantait fort/haut/d'une voix rauque.
3FSG.NOM sing-IMPF.3SG strong/high/ATTR=INDEF.F voice raspy
:eng: : [tick] | :grc: : [:|] | :chn: :isr: :wls: : [:S] | :deu: :ell: :rus: : [:x]
Conlangs: Hawntow, Yorkish, misc.
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Khemehekis
mongolian
mongolian
Posts: 3884
Joined: 14 Aug 2010 09:36
Location: California über alles

Re: NSM canonical sentences

Post by Khemehekis »

When I first saw the title, I thought it said "HSM canonical sentences".

Like:

"The jocks run most of the school, but if they get Troy into the musical then they've conquered the entire student body."

Or:

"Go Wildcats!"
♂♥♂♀

Squirrels chase koi . . . chase squirrels

My Kankonian-English dictionary: 86,336 words and counting

31,416: The number of the conlanging beast!
User avatar
prettydragoon
sinic
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Posts: 442
Joined: 29 Jan 2012 10:22
Location: Third star on the left, straight on till tiffin
Contact:

Re: NSM canonical sentences

Post by prettydragoon »

:con: Rireinutire
Spoiler:
SOMEONE~WHO, SOMETHING~THING~WHAT, PEOPLE, BODY

sakimu yoku teñekiyo::1::
/ˈsɑkimu ˈjoku ˈteŋekijo/
saki-mu yoku teñe-ki-yo ||
that-ACC who.Q.NOM do-PST-Q ||

1. Who did it?

miku sakimu vokivo: kerikaseva hii yoku::2::
/ˈmiku ˈsɑkimu ˈvokivo || ˈkeɹikɑsevɑ hiː ˈjoku/
miku saki-mu vo-ki-vo || keri-ka-se-va hii yoku ||
someone.NOM that-ACC take-PST-INFR || know-PRS-NEG-SENS that.CONJ who.Q.NOM ||

2. Someone took it. I don't know who.

yoki kañahakiyo::3::
/ˈjoki ˈkɑŋɑhɑkijo/
yoki kañaha-ki-yo ||
what.Q.NOM happen-PST-Q ||

3. What happened?

ma miki pasena teñekivo::4::
/mɑ ˈmiki ˈpɑsenɑ ˈteŋekivo/
ma miki pase-na teñe-ki-vo ||
1S.NOM something.NOM bad-PTV do-PST-INFR ||

4. I did something bad.
The verb takes INFR evidential (-vo) because the speaker deduces that what she did was bad. If she merely reported she did something without value judgements, SENS evidential (-va) would be used instead.

siki yoki yakayo::5::
/ˈsiki ˈjoki ˈjɑkɑjo/
siki yoki ya-ka-yo ||
this.NOM what.Q.NOM be-PRS-Q ||

5. What is this?

siki karu ute/pini yakava::6::
/ˈsiki ˈkɑɹu ˈute/ˈpini ˈjɑkɑvɑ/
siki karu ute/pini ya-ka-va ||
this.NOM thing.NOM big/small be-PRS-SENS ||

6. This thing is big/small.

he hea kave yakavo::7::
/he heɑ ˈkɑve ˈjɑkɑvo/
he hea kave ya-ka-vo ||
3P.R.NOM good woman.NOM be-PRS-INFR ||

7. They are good people.

mete sikina kerikaseve::8::
/ˈmete ˈsikinɑ ˈkeɹikɑseve/
mete siki-na keri-ka-se-ve ||
many.NOM this-PTV know-PRS-NEG-HSY ||

8. Many people don't know this.

miro pase niya hea kaveha kañahakave::9::
/ˈmiɹo ˈpɑse ˈnijɑ heɑ ˈkɑvehɑ ˈkɑŋɑhɑkɑve/
miro pase niya hea kave-ha kañaha-ka-ve ||
sometime bad thing.NOM good woman-ADE happen-PRS-HSY ||

9. Sometimes bad things happen to good people.

ropeno ruñu iipu ku kaveno ruñu yakaseve::10::
/ˈɹopeno ˈɹuŋu ˈiːpu ku ˈkɑveno ˈɹuŋu ˈjɑkɑseve/
rope-no ruñu iipu ku kave-no ruñu ya-ka-se-ve ||
male-GEN body.NOM like as person-GEN body.NOM be-PRS-NEG-HSY ||

10. The body of a man is not like the body of a woman.

masa kaveno ruñuno koko yakave· siki ruñuno maheha yakave::11::
/ˈmɑsɑ ˈkɑveno ˈɹuŋuno ˈkoko ˈjɑkɑve | ˈsiki ˈɹuŋuno ˈmɑhehɑ ˈjɑkɑve/
masa kave-no ruñu-no koko ya-ka-ve | siki ruñu-no maheha ya-ka-ve ||
liver.NOM woman-GEN body-GEN part.NOM be-PRS-HSY | this.NOM body-GEN inside be-PRS-HSY ||

11. The liver is part of people's bodies, it is inside the body.

PARTS, KINDS

siki karu kaa kokomu ukava::12::
/ˈsiki ˈkɑɹu kɑː ˈkokomu ˈukɑvɑ/
siki karu kaa koko-mu u-ka-va ||
this.NOM thing.NOM two part-ACC have-PRS-SENS ||

12. This thing (knife, axe, etc.) has two parts.

kaveruñu mete kokomu ukave::13::
/ˈkɑveˌɹuŋu ˈmete ˈkokomu ˈukɑve/
kave-ruñu mete koko-mu u-ka-ve ||
person-body.NOM many part-ACC have-PRS-HSY ||

13. People’s (human) bodies have many parts.

venina kaa/iñi seru yakave::14::
/ˈveninɑ kɑː/ˈiŋi ˈseɹu ˈjɑkɑve/
veni-na kaa/iñi seru ya-ka-ve ||
bat-PTV two/many kind.NOM be-PRS-HSY ||

14. There are two/many kinds of bat.
iñi 'many' is used instead of mete to emphasise that contrary to expectations, there are more than one.

ka hoho seruna neukava: sika yakaseva: tosi seru yakava::15::
/kɑ ˈhoho ˈseɹunɑ ˈneukɑvɑ || ˈsikɑ ˈjɑkɑsevɑ || ˈtosi ˈseɹu ˈjɑkɑvɑ/
ka hoho seru-na neu-ka-va || sika ya-ka-se-va || tosi seru ya-ka-va ||
3S.F.NOM same kind-PTV look.like-PRS-SENS || but be-PRS-NEG-SENS || another kind.NOM be-PRS-SENS ||

15. It looks like the same kind (of fish, bird, etc.). But it's not. It's another kind.

siki rapira ioti ii siriseru yakave::16::
/ˈsiki ˈɹɑpiɹɑ ˈioti iː ˈsiɹiˌseɹu ˈjɑkɑve/
siki rapi-ra ioti ii siri-seru ya-ka-ve ||
this.NOM lake-INE only one fish-species.NOM be-PRS-HSY ||

16. There is only one kind of fish in this lake.

THIS, THE SAME, OTHER~ELSE

siki hea/pase yakavo::17::
/ˈsiki heɑ/ˈpɑse ˈjɑkɑvo/
siki hea/pase ya-ka-vo ||
this.NOM good/bad be-PRS-INFR ||

17. This is good/bad.

siki ute/pini pire yakava::18::
/ˈsiki ˈute/ˈpini ˈpiɹe ˈjɑkɑvɑ/
siki ute/pini pire ya-ka-va ||
this.NOM big/small basket.NOM be-PRS-SENS ||

18. This is a big/small basket.

siku kaa kavemu neakiva: ñeku siku kavemu::19::
/ˈsiku kɑː ˈkɑvemu ˈneɑkivɑ || ˈŋeku ˈsiku ˈkɑvemu/
siku kaa kave-mu nea-ki-va || ñeku siku kave-mu ||
this.one.NOM two woman-ACC see-PST-SENS || each.one.NOM this.one.NOM woman-ACC ||

19. I saw these two people; all these people.

hoho kavemu apuke payupa neakiva::20::
/ˈhoho ˈkɑvemu ˈɑpuke ˈpɑjupɑ ˈneɑkivɑ/
hoho kave-mu apu-ke payu-pa nea-ki-va ||
same woman-ACC follow-PPART day-ESS see-PST-SENS ||

20. I saw the same person (or: the same people) the day after.

saki hoho hosora/hasapa kañahakive· ñato tosi hosora/hasapa::21::
/ˈsɑki ˈhoho ˈhosoɹɑ/ˈhɑsɑpɑ ˈkɑŋɑhɑkive | ˈŋɑto ˈtosi ˈhosoɹɑ/ˈhɑsɑpɑ/
saki hoho hoso-ra/hasa-pa kañaha-ki-ve | ñato tosi hoso-ra/hasa-pa ||
that.NOM same place-INE/time-ESS happen-PST-HSY | and.not another place-INE/time-ESS ||

21. It happened at the same place/time, not at another place/time.

ha hohomu teñekive/sunokive::22::
/hɑ ˈhohomu ˈteŋekive/ˈsunokive/
ha hoho-mu teñe-ki-ve/suno-ki-ve ||
3S.R.NOM same-ACC do-PST-HSY/say-PST-HSY ||

22. She did/said the same (the same thing).

miku tosi sakimu teñekive::23::
/ˈmiku ˈtosi ˈsɑkimu ˈteŋekive/
miku tosi saki-mu teñe-ki-ve ||
someone.NOM other.NOM that-ACC do-PST-HSY

23. Someone else did it.

ONE, TWO, SOME, ALL, MANY~MUCH, LITTLE~FEW

ha yomete poyamu ukayo::24::
/hɑ ˈjomete ˈpojɑmu ˈukɑjo/
ha yomete poya-mu u-ka-yo ||
3S.R.NOM how.many.Q child-ACC have-PRS-Q ||

24. How many children does she have?

ha ii/kaa/mete poyamu ukave::25::
/hɑ iː/kɑː/ˈmete ˈpojɑmu ˈukɑve/
ha ii/kaa/mete poya-mu u-ka-ve ||
3S.R.NOM one/two/many child-ACC have-PRS-HSY ||

25. She has one/two/many child(ren).

(saki hivora) yoraka vetena yakayo::26::
/ˈsɑki ˈhivoɹɑ ˈjoɹɑkɑ ˈvetenɑ ˈjɑkɑjo/
(saki hivo-ra) yoraka vete-na ya-ka-yo ||
(that.NOM well-INE) how.much.Q water-PTV be-PRS-Q ||

26. How much water is there (in that well, bowl, etc.)?

siha meñi/puno/(vahu puno) vetena yakava::27::
/ˈsihɑ ˈmeŋi/ˈpuno/(ˈvɑhu ˈpuno) ˈvetenɑ ˈjɑkɑvɑ/
siha meñi/puno/(vahu puno) vete-na ya-ka-va ||
here much/little/(very little) water-PTV be-PRS-SENS ||

27. There is much (little, very little) water here.

mete/tepe kave siha umakave::28::
/ˈmete/ˈtepe ˈkɑve ˈsihɑ ˈumɑkɑve/
mete/tepe kave siha uma-ka-ve ||
many/few woman.NOM here dwell-PRS-HSY ||

28. Many (or: not many) people live here.

(saha mete kave yakive:) sakino puho ii/kaa menikive::29::
/ˈsɑhɑ ˈmete ˈkɑve ˈjɑkive || ˈsɑkino ˈpuho iː/kɑː ˈmenikive/
saha mete kave ya-ki-ve || saki-no puho ii/kaa meni-ki-ve ||
there many woman.NOM be-PST-HSY || that-GEN after one/two leave-PST-HSY ||

29. (There were many people there.) After that, one/two (of them) left.

miki siki hatare hea yakava· miki pomo::30::
/ˈmiki ˈsiki ˈhɑtɑɹe heɑ ˈjɑkɑvɑ | ˈmiki ˈpomo/
miki siki hata-re hea ya-ka-va | miki pomo ||
some this.NOM lemon-ELA good be-PRS-SENS | some rotten ||

30. Some of these lemons are good, some are rotten.

miki hosora meñi sirina yakave::31::
/ˈmiki ˈhosoɹɑ ˈmeŋi ˈsiɹinɑ ˈjɑkɑve/
miki hoso-ra meñi siri-na ya-ka-ve ||
some place-INE much fish-PTV be-PRS-HSY ||

31. In some places there are lots of fish (rabbits, birds, etc.).

siha vetena yakava::32::
/ˈsihɑ ˈvetenɑ ˈjɑkɑvɑ/
siha vete-na ya-ka-va ||
here water-PTV be-PRS-SENS ||

32. There is water here.

vahu tepe kave saha siro umakave::33::
/ˈvɑhu ˈtepe ˈkɑve ˈsɑhɑ ˈsiɹo ˈumɑkɑve/
vahu tepe kave saha siro uma-ka-ve ||
very few woman.NOM there now dwell-PRS-HSY ||

33. Very few people live there now.

here mete nosopepi yekive· miku rasopepi::34::
/ˈheɹe ˈmete ˈnosoˌpepi ˈjekive | ˈmiku ˈɹɑsoˌpepi/
he-re mete noso-pepi ye-ki-ve | miku raso-pepi ||
3P.R-ELA many.NOM east-ward go-PST-HSY | some.R.NOM west-ward ||

34. Many of them went to the east, some went to the west.

ñeku hano poya siro riako yakave::35::
/ˈŋeku ˈhɑno ˈpojɑ ˈsiɹo ˈɹiɑko ˈjɑkɑve/
ñeku ha-no poya siro ria-ko ya-ka-ve ||
each.R.NOM 3S.R-GEN daughter.NOM now get.married-PSPART be-PRS-HSY ||

35. All her daughters are now married.

rei koñemu (mayara/sañera) popikive::36::
/ɹei ˈkoŋemu (ˈmɑjɑɹɑ/ˈsɑŋeɹɑ) ˈpopikive/
rei koñe-mu (maya-ra/sañe-ra) popi-ki-ve ||
fire.NOM everything-ACC (house-INE/island-INE) burn-PST-HSY ||

36. The fire burnt everything (e.g. in the house, on the island).

GOOD, BAD

hea kave sikipuna teñekaseve::37::
/heɑ ˈkɑve ˈsikipunɑ ˈteŋekɑseve/
hea kave siki-pu-na teñe-ka-se-ve ||
good woman.NOM this-ADJZ-PTV do-PRS-NEG-HSY ||

37. Good people don't do things like this.

siki maha hea/pase yakivo::38::
/ˈsiki ˈmɑhɑ heɑ/ˈpɑse ˈjɑkivo/
siki ma-ha hea/pase ya-ki-vo ||
this.NOM 1S-ADE good/bad be-PST-INFR ||

38. This was good/bad for me.

hea/pase yakavo soo miku miki sikipuna teñekavo::39::
/heɑ/ˈpɑse ˈjɑkɑvo soː ˈmiku ˈmiki ˈsikipunɑ ˈteŋekɑvo/
hea/pase ya-ka-vo soo miku miki siki-pu-na teñe-ka-vo ||
good/bad be-PRS-INFR if someone.NOM something.NOM this-ADJZ-PTV do-PRS-INFR ||

39. It is good/bad if someone (or: people) does something like this.

(siku kavemu)/(siki hosomu) hesi nanakavo::40::
/(ˈsiku ˈkɑvemu)/(ˈsiki ˈhosomu) ˈhesi ˈnɑnɑkɑvo/
(siku kave-mu)/(siki hoso-mu) hesi nana-ka-vo ||
(this.R.NOM woman-ACC)/(this.NOM place-ACC) well.ADV know-PRS-INFR ||

40. I know this person/place well.

miku sikimu hesi teñeta kirakave· miku kirakaseve::41::
/ˈmiku ˈsikimu ˈhesi ˈteŋetɑ ˈkiɹɑkɑve | ˈmiku ˈkiɹɑkɑseve/
miku siki-mu hesi teñe-ta kira-ka-ve | miku kira-ka-se-ve ||
some.R.NOM this-ACC well.ADV do-INF be.able-PRS-HSY | some.R.NOM be.able-PRS-NEG-HSY ||

41. Some people can do this well, some people can't.

THINK, KNOW, WANT, DON’T WANT

ta yokina havehokayo::42::
/tɑ ˈjokinɑ ˈhɑvehokɑjo/
ta yoki-na haveho-ka-yo ||
2S.NOM what.Q-PTV think.about-PRS-Q ||

42. What are you thinking about?

sakina piñapa havehokiva::43::
/ˈsɑkinɑ ˈpiŋɑpɑ ˈhɑvehokivɑ/
saki-na piña-pa haveho-ki-va ||
that-PTV long.time-ESS think.about-PST-SENS ||

43. I thought about it for a long time.

siku kave mare miki pasena havekavo::44::
/ˈsiku ˈkɑve ˈmɑɹe ˈmiki ˈpɑsenɑ ˈhɑvekɑvo/
siku kave ma-re miki pase-na have-ka-vo ||
this.R.NOM woman.NOM 1S-ELA something.NOM bad-PTV think-PRS-INFR ||

44. This person thinks something bad about me.

site havekiva hi~ [···] ::45::
/ˈsite ˈhɑvekivɑ hi/
site have-ki-va hi ||
thus.ADV think-PST-SENS that.QUO ||

45. I thought like this: "..."

ta eriti hesi sakina havehoka'::46::
/tɑ ˈeɹiti ˈhesi ˈsɑkinɑ ˈhɑvehokɑʔ/
ta eri-ti hesi saki-na haveho-ka-' ||
2S.NOM first-ADVZ well.ADV that-PTV think.about-PRS-IMP ||

46. Think well about it first (before you do it).

(ha siro yoha yakayo:) kerikaseva: yaho Meri-sama kerikavo::47::
/hɑ ˈsiɹo ˈjohɑ ˈjɑkɑjo || ˈkeɹikɑsevɑ || ˈjɑho meɹiˌsɑmɑ keɹikɑvo/
ha siro yoha ya-ka-yo || keri-ka-se-va || yaho Meri-sama keri-ka-vo ||
3S.R.NOM now where.Q be-PRS-Q || know-PRS-NEG-SENS || maybe Meri-aunt.NOM know-PRS-INFR ||

47. (Where is she now?) I don't know. Maybe Mary knows.

ha sikipure vahu kerikave::48::
/hɑ ˈsikipuɹe ˈvɑhu ˈkeɹikɑve/
ha siki-pu-re vahu keri-ka-ve ||
3S.R.NOM this-ADJZ-ELA much know-PRS-HSY ||

48. She knows much (a lot) about things like this.

(ha epayupa menikive:) kerikava::49::
/hɑ ˈepɑjupɑ ˈmenikive || ˈkeɹikɑvɑ/
ha epayu-pa meni-ki-ve || keri-ka-va ||
3S.R.NOM yesterday-ESS leave-PST-HSY || know-PRS-SENS ||

49. (She left yesterday). I know.

netekava/netekaseva hii ta sakimu teñekahuvo::50::
/ˈnetekɑvɑ/ˈnetekɑsevɑ hiː tɑ ˈsɑkimu ˈteŋekɑhuvo/
nete-ka-va/nete-ka-se-va hii ta saki-mu teñe-ka-hu-vo ||
want-PRS-SENS/want-PRS-NEG-SENS that.CONJ 2S.NOM that-ACC do-PRS-SBJV-INFR ||

50. I want (don't want) you to do it.

netekava/netekaseva hii siki kañahakahuvo::51::
/ˈnetekɑvɑ/ˈnetekɑsevɑ hiː ˈsiki ˈkɑŋɑhɑkɑhuvo/
nete-ka-va/nete-ka-se-va hii siki kañaha-ka-hu-vo ||
want-PRS-SENS/want-PRS-NEG-SENS that.CONJ this.NOM happen-PRS-SBJV-INFR ||

51. I want (don't want) this to happen.

FEEL, SEE, HEAR

suo ta iyopa erena himikavo· ta yokina viñikayo::52::
/suo tɑ ˈijopɑ ˈeɹenɑ ˈhimikɑvo | tɑ ˈjokinɑ ˈviŋikɑjo/
suo ta iyo-pa ere-na himi-ka-vo· ta yoki-na viñi-ka-yo ||
when.CONJ 2S.NOM night-ESS star-PTV look.at-PRS-INFR | 2S.NOM what.Q-PTV feel-PRS-Q ||

52. When you look at the stars at night, what do you feel?

mikimu ñakokiri· miki vahu pasena mano kukura petekava::53::
/ˈmikimu ˈŋɑkokiɹi | ˈmiki ˈvɑhu ˈpɑsenɑ ˈmɑno ˈkukuɹɑ ˈpetekɑvɑ/
miki-mu ñako-kiri | miki vahu pase-na ma-no kuku-ra pete-ka-va ||
something-ACC swallow-GER | something very bad-PTV 1S-GEN throat-INE feel-PRS-SENS ||

53. When I swallow (something), I feel something very bad in my throat.

saro iñayokina viñikiseva::54::
/ˈsɑɹo ˈiŋɑˌjokinɑ ˈviŋikisevɑ/
saro iñayoki-na viñi-ki-se-va ||
then.ADV nothing-PTV feel-PST-NEG-SENS ||

54. At that time (then), I didn’t feel anything.
This refers to being emotionally numb. For physically numb, 'feel-PST-NEG-SENS' is petekiseva.

iñayokina pase haha iñavera viñikaseva::55::
/ˈiŋɑˌjokinɑ ˈpɑse ˈhɑhɑ ˈiŋɑˌveɹɑ ˈviŋikɑsevɑ/
iñayoki-na pase ha-ha iñavera viñi-ka-se-va ||
nothing-PTV bad 3S.R-ADE not.anymore feel-PRS-NEG-SENS ||

55. I don't feel anything bad towards her anymore.

saha mikina neakiva::56::
/ˈsɑhɑ ˈmikinɑ ˈneɑkivɑ/
saha miki-na nea-ki-va ||
there something-PTV see-PST-SENS ||

56. I saw something (a dog, bird, etc.) there.
The verb takes SENS evidential (-va) when you are sure you saw something, even if you might not be sure what. If you are uncertain whether you saw something or not, use INFR evidential (-vo) instead.

(sakino puho) miki tosina neakiva::57::
/ˈsɑkino ˈpuho ˈmiki ˈtosinɑ ˈneɑkivɑ/
(saki-no puho) miki tosi-na nea-ki-va ||
(that-GEN after) something.NOM else-PTV see-PST-SENS ||

57. (After that), I saw something else.

ha romakiva ~ sikimu mokiva::58::
/hɑ ˈɹomɑkivɑ || ˈsikimu ˈmokivɑ/
ha roma-ki-va || siki-mu mo-ki-va ||
3S.R.NOM sing-PST-SENS || this-ACC hear-PST-SENS ||

58. She was singing – I heard it.

(saha penara) mikina mokava::59::
/ˈsɑhɑ ˈpenɑɹɑ ˈmikinɑ ˈmokɑvɑ/
(saha pena-ra) miki-na mo-ka-va ||
(there bush-INE) something-PTV hear-PRS-SENS ||

59. I hear something (over there in the bushes).

sakina mota hopokiseva::60::
/ˈsɑkinɑ ˈmotɑ ˈhopokisevɑ/
saki-na mo-ta hopo-ki-se-va ||
that-PTV hear-INF can-PST-NEG-SENS ||

60. I couldn’t hear it.

SAY, WORDS, TRUE

[siki hea yakavo:] ma sunokiva::61::
/ˈsiki heɑ ˈjɑkɑvo || mɑ ˈsunokivɑ/
siki hea ya-ka-vo || ma suno-ki-va ||
this.NOM good be-PRS-INFR || 1S.NOM say-PST-SENS ||

61. "This is good", I said.

ha yokina sunokiyo::62::
/hɑ ˈjokinɑ ˈsunokijo/
ha yoki-na suno-ki-yo ||
3S.R.NOM what.Q-PTV say-PST-Q ||

62. What did she say?

ha haha mikina sunokive· sika siku sakina mokiseve::63::
/hɑ ˈhɑhɑ ˈmikinɑ ˈsunokive | ˈsikɑ ˈsiku ˈsɑkinɑ ˈmokiseve/
ha ha-ha miki-na suno-ki-ve | sika siku saki-na mo-ki-se-ve ||
3S.R.NOM 3S.R-ADE something-PTV say-PST-HSY | but this.R.NOM that-PTV hear-PST-NEG-HSY ||

63. She(i) said something to her(j), but she(j) didn't hear it.

soo ma sikimu teñekahuvo· niyi mare pasena sunota hopokavo::64::
/soː mɑ ˈsikimu ˈteŋekɑhuvo | ˈniji ˈmɑɹe ˈpɑsenɑ ˈsunotɑ ˈhopokɑvo/
soo ma siki-mu teñe-ka-hu-vo | niyi ma-re pase-na suno-ta hopo-ka-vo ||
if 1S.NOM this-ACC do-PRS-SBJV-INFR | then.CONJ 1S-ELA bad-PTV say-INF can-PRS-INFR ||

64. If I do this, people can say bad things about me.

ha hohomu sunokive· sika tosi suneña::65::
/hɑ ˈhohomu ˈsunokive | ˈsikɑ ˈtosi ˈsuneŋɑ/
ha hoho-mu suno-ki-ve | sika tosi sune-ña ||
3S.R.NOM same-ACC say-PST-HSY | but other word-COM ||

65. She said the same (the same thing), but in other (i.e. different) words.

[ra]-tirepa· sune [hea] [paria] yakave::66::
/ˈɹatiɹepɑ | ˈsune heɑ ˈpɑɹiɑ ˈjɑkɑve/
ra-tire-pa | sune hea paria ya-ka-ve ||
ra-language-ESS | word.NOM good paria.NOM be-PRS-HSY ||

66. In language X, the word for 'good' is palya.
In Rireinutire, the default letters for variables are ra-ri-ru-re-ro.

soo ta ii to ñama sunemu sunokavo··· ::67::
/soː tɑ iː to ˈŋɑmɑ ˈsunemu ˈsunokɑvo/
soo ta ii to ñama sune-mu suno-ka-vo ||
if 2S.NOM one and more word-ACC say-PRS-INFR ||

67. If you say one more word, ....

saki tote yakaseve::68::
/ˈsɑki ˈtote ˈjɑkɑseve/
saki tote ya-ka-se-ve ||
that.NOM true be-PRS-NEG-HSY ||

68. That’s not true.

DO, HAPPEN, MOVE, TOUCH

ta saropuho yokina teñekiyo::69::
/tɑ ˈsɑɹoˌpuho ˈjokinɑ ˈteŋekijo/
ta saro-puho yoki-na teñe-ki-yo ||
2S.NOM then-after what.Q-PTV do-PST-Q ||

69. What did you do then (after that)?

saku maha miki heana teñekivo::70::
/ˈsɑku ˈmɑhɑ ˈmiki ˈheɑnɑ ˈteŋekivo/
saku ma-ha miki hea-na teñe-ki-vo ||
that.R.NOM 1S-ADE something good-PTV do-PST-INFR ||

70. Those people did something good for me.

sikipuña yokina teñekayo::71::
/ˈsikipuŋɑ ˈjokinɑ ˈteŋekɑjo/
siki-pu-ña yoki-na teñe-ka-yo ||
this-ADJZ-COM what.Q-PTV do-PRS-Q ||

71. What do people do with things like this (a spoon, needle, etc.)?

sikimu moraña teñekave::72::
/ˈsikimu ˈmoɹɑŋɑ ˈteŋekɑve/
siki-mu mora-ña teñe-ka-ve ||
this-ACC knife-COM do-PRS-HSY ||

72. People do this with a knife (axe, stick, etc.).

(siku kaveha)/maha miki heana/pasena kañahakivo::73::
/(ˈsiku ˈkɑvehɑ)/ˈmɑhɑ ˈmiki ˈheɑnɑ/ˈpɑsenɑ ˈkɑŋɑhɑkivo/
(siku kave-ha)/ma-ha miki hea-na/pase-na kañaha-ki-vo ||
(this.R.NOM woman-ADE)/1S-ADE something.NOM good-PTV/bad-PTV happen-PST-INFR ||

73. Something good/bad happened to this person (to me).

saki ñisopa hano maheha miki kañahakive::74::
/ˈsɑki ˈŋisopɑ ˈhɑno ˈmɑhehɑ ˈmiki ˈkɑŋɑhɑkive/
saki ñiso-pa ha-no maheha miki kañaha-ki-ve ||
that.NOM moment-ESS 3S.R-GEN inside something.NOM happen-PST-HSY ||

74. At that moment, something happened inside her.

miki pasena saki hosora kañahakive::75::
/ˈmiki ˈpɑsenɑ ˈsɑki ˈhosoɹɑ ˈkɑŋɑhɑkive/
miki pase-na saki hoso-ra kañaha-ki-ve ||
something.NOM bad-PTV that.NOM place-INE happen-PST-HSY ||

75. Something bad happened in that place.

(himi':) miki saha minakava::76::
/ˈhimiʔ || ˈmiki ˈsɑhɑ ˈminɑkɑvɑ/
himi-' || miki saha mina-ka-va ||
(look-IMP) || something.NOM there move-PRS-SENS ||

76. (Look!) Something is moving over there.

ta minakase'::77::
/tɑ ˈminɑkɑseʔ/
ta mina-ka-se-' ||
2S.NOM move-PRS-NEG-IMP ||

77. Don't move! (e.g. while putting on a bandaid or removing headlice)
This is the polite imperative form. To order somebody to stop squirming, it is possible to use peremptory imperative: minase': (move-NEG-IMP).

vahu heyasuko yakiva: minata hopokiseva::78::
/ˈvɑhu ˈhejɑsuko ˈjɑkivɑ || ˈminɑtɑ ˈhopokisevɑ/
vahu heyasu-ko ya-ki-va || mina-ta hopo-ki-se-va ||
very be.scared-PSPART be-PST-SENS || move-INF can-PST-NEG-SENS ||

78. I was very scared. I couldn’t move.

miki mano kanena petakiva::79::
/ˈmiki ˈmɑno ˈkɑnenɑ ˈpetɑkivɑ/
miki ma-no kane-na peta-ki-va ||
something.NOM 1S-GEN hand-PTV abut-PST-SENS ||

79. Something was touching my hand.

ta sakina petekase': (seke yakava:) ::80::
/tɑ ˈsɑkinɑ ˈpetekɑseʔ || ˈseke ˈjɑkɑvɑ/
ta saki-na pete-ka-se-' || seke ya-ka-va ||
2S.NOM that-PTV touch-PRS-NEG-IMP || hot be-PRS-SENS ||

80. Don’t touch it! (It’s hot.)

THERE IS, (IS) MINE

tivara miku yakavo::81::
/ˈtivɑɹɑ ˈmiku ˈjɑkɑvo/
tiva-ra miku ya-ka-vo ||
garden-INE someone.NOM be-PRS-INFR ||

81. There is someone in the garden.

siha iña vetena/vuñona yakasevo::82::
/ˈsihɑ ˈiŋɑ ˈvetenɑ/ˈvuŋonɑ ˈjɑkɑsevo/
siha iña vete-na/vuño-na ya-ka-se-vo ||
here no water-PTV/spider-PTV be-PRS-NEG-INFR ||

82. There is/are no [e.g. water/spiders] here.

uya yasakaseve::83::
/ˈujɑ ˈjɑsɑkɑseve/
uya yasa-ka-se-ve ||
ghost.NOM exist-PRS-NEG-HSY ||

83. There are no ghosts (unicorns, etc.).

payo mete seru yasakave::84::
/ˈpɑjo ˈmete ˈseɹu ˈjɑsɑkɑve/
payo mete seru yasa-ka-ve ||
nut.NOM many kind.NOM exist-PRS-HSY ||

84. There are many kinds of nuts (yams, bats, etc.).

saki mano yakava::85::
/ˈsɑki ˈmɑno ˈjɑkɑvɑ/
saki ma-no ya-ka-va ||
that.NOM 1S-GEN be-PRS-SENS ||

85. It's mine.

saki tano yakaseva: mano yakava::86::
/ˈsɑki ˈtɑno ˈjɑkɑsevɑ || ˈmɑno ˈjɑkɑvɑ/
saki ta-no ya-ka-se-va || ma-no ya-ka-va ||
that.NOM 2S-GEN be-PRS-NEG-SENS || 1S-GEN be-PRS-SENS ||

86. It's not yours. It's mine.

kerikava hii saki mano yakasevo: netekava hii yakahuvo::87::
/ˈkeɹikɑvɑ hiː ˈsɑki ˈmɑno ˈjɑkɑsevo || ˈnetekɑvɑ hiː ˈjɑkɑhuvo/
keri-ka-va hii saki ma-no ya-ka-se-vo || nete-ka-va hii ya-ka-hu-vo ||
know-PRS-SENS that.CONJ that.NOM 1S-GEN be-PRS-NEG-INFR || want-PRS-SENS that.CONJ be-PRS-SBJV-INFR ||

87. I know it's not mine. I want it to be mine.

BE (SOMEWHERE), BE (SOMEONE/SOMETHING)

henoha yoki yakayo: sikina neakaseva::88::
/ˈhenohɑ ˈjoki ˈjɑkɑjo || ˈsikinɑ ˈneɑkɑsevɑ/
heno-ha yoki ya-ka-yo || siki-na nea-ka-se-va ||
table-ADE what.Q.NOM be-PRS-Q || this-PTV see-PRS-NEG-SENS ||

88. What is on the table? I can’t see it.

mano emono ñara yata netekava::89::
/ˈmɑno ˈemono ˈŋɑɹɑ ˈjɑtɑ ˈnetekɑvɑ/
ma-no emo-no ñara ya-ta nete-ka-va ||
1S-GEN birthmother-GEN with be-INF want-PRS-SENS ||

89. I want to be with my birthmother.

saki piñapa ero yakive: mano emo saki hasapa poya yakive::90::
/ˈsɑki ˈpiŋɑpɑ ˈeɹo ˈjɑkive || ˈmɑno ˈemo ˈsɑki ˈhɑsɑpɑ ˈpojɑ ˈjɑkive/
saki piña-pa ero ya-ki-ve || ma-no emo saki hasa-pa poya ya-ki-ve ||
that.NOM long.time-ESS ago be-PST-HSY || 1S-GEN birthmother.NOM that.NOM time-ESS child.NOM be-PST-HSY ||

90. It was a long time ago. My birthmother was a child at that time.

kerikaseva hii siki yoki yakayo::92::
/ˈkeɹikɑsevɑ hiː ˈsiki ˈjoki ˈjɑkɑjo/
keri-ka-se-va hii siki yoki ya-ka-yo ||
know-PRS-NEG-SENS that.CONJ this.NOM what.Q.NOM be-PRS-Q ||

91. I don't know what this is.

kerikaseva hii siku yoku yakayo::92::
/ˈkeɹikɑsevɑ hiː ˈsiku ˈjoku ˈjɑkɑjo/
keri-ka-se-va hii siku yoku ya-ka-yo ||
know-PRS-NEG-SENS that.CONJ this.R.NOM who.Q.NOM be-PRS-Q ||

92. I don't know who this is.

LIVE, DIE

siku kavekuna piña hasana vuikive::93::
/ˈsiku ˈkɑveˌkunɑ ˈpiŋɑ ˈhɑsɑnɑ ˈvuikive/
siku kave-kuna piña hasa-na vui-ki-ve ||
this.R.NOM woman-group.NOM long time-PTV live-PST-HSY ||

93. [In story of olden days] These people lived for a long time.

meku piña hasana vuikave::94::
/ˈmeku ˈpiŋɑ ˈhɑsɑnɑ ˈvuikɑve/
meku piña hasa-na vui-ka-ve ||
turtle.NOM long time-PTV live-PRS-HSY ||

94. Turtles (horses, whales, etc.) live for a long time.

saku hasapa ha huno emoña umakive::95::
/ˈsɑku ˈhɑsɑpɑ hɑ ˈhuno ˈemoŋɑ ˈumɑkive/
saku hasa-pa ha huno emo-ña uma-ki-ve ||
that.NOM time-ESS 3S.R.NOM ones.own birthmother-COM dwell-PST-HSY ||

95. At that time she was living with her mother.

siri misira vuikave::96::
/ˈsiɹi ˈmisiɹɑ ˈvuikɑve/
siri misi-ra vui-ka-ve ||
fish.NOM sea-INE live-PRS-HSY ||

96. Fish live in the sea.

ñeku kave siikave::97::
/ˈŋeku ˈkɑve ˈsiːkɑve/
ñeku kave sii-ka-ve ||
each.R.NOM woman.NOM die-PRS-HSY ||

97. All people die.

siku kave piñapa ero siikive::98::
/ˈsiku ˈkɑve ˈpiŋɑpɑ ˈeɹo ˈsiːkive/
siku kave piña-pa ero sii-ki-ve ||
this.R.NOM woman.NOM long.time-ESS ago die-PST-HSY ||

98. These people died a long time ago.

TIME~WHEN, NOW, BEFORE, AFTER, A LONG TIME, A SHORT TIME, FOR SOME TIME, IN ONE MOMENT

ta sakimu yoro teñekiyo: sakimu teñekiva suo ñeku yinake yakivo::99::
/tɑ ˈsɑkimu ˈjoɹo ˈteŋekijo || ˈsɑkimu ˈteŋekivɑ suo ˈŋeku ˈjinɑke ˈjɑkivo/
ta saki-mu yoro teñe-ki-yo || saki-mu teñe-ki-va suo ñeku yina-ke ya-ki-vo ||
2S.NOM that-ACC when.Q do-PST-Q || that-ACC do-PST-SENS when.CONJ everyone.NOM sleep-PPART be-PST-INFR ||

99. When did you do it? I did it when everyone was asleep.

kerikaseva hii saki yoro kañahakiyo::100;:
/ˈkeɹikɑsevɑ hiː ˈsɑki ˈjoɹo ˈkɑŋɑhɑkijo/
keri-ka-se-va hii saki yoro kañaha-ki-yo ||
know-PRS-NEG-SENS that.CONJ that.NOM when.Q happen-PST-Q ||

100. I don’t know when it happened.

hoho hasapa miki maha kañahakivo::101::
/ˈhoho ˈhɑsɑpɑ ˈmiki ˈmɑhɑ ˈkɑŋɑhɑkivo/
hoho hasa-pa miki ma-ha kañaha-ki-vo ||
same time-ESS something.NOM 1S-ADE happen-PST-INFR ||

101. At the same time, something happened to me.

hasahasati yopona amipa raakava· hasahasati vutuna::102::
/ˈhɑsɑˌhɑsɑti ˈjoponɑ ˈɑmipɑ ˈɹɑːkɑvɑ | ˈhɑsɑˌhɑsɑti ˈvutunɑ/
hasa-hasa-ti yopo-na ami-pa raa-ka-va | hasa-hasa-ti vutu-na ||
time-time-ADVZ coffee-PTV morning-ESS drink-PRS-SENS | time-time-ADVZ tea-PTV ||

102. Sometimes I drink coffee in the morning, sometimes I drink tea.

siki peni ñeyoro iyopa pavukave::103::
/ˈsiki ˈpeni ˈŋejoɹo ˈijopɑ ˈpɑvukɑve/
siki peni ñeyoro iyo-pa pavu-ka-ve ||
this.NOM dog.NOM always night-ESS bark-PRS-HSY ||

103. This dog always barks at night.

he [ra]ra siro umakave: [ri]ra eroti umakive::104::
/he ˈɹɑɹɑ ˈsiɹo ˈumɑkɑve || ˈɹiɹɑ ˈeɹoti ˈumɑkive/
he [ra]-ra siro uma-ka-ve: [ri]-ra ero-ti uma-ki-ve ||
3P.R.NOM ra-INE now dwell-PRS-HSY || ri-INE before-ADVZ dwell-PST-HSY ||

104. They live in X now. They lived in Y before (this).

saki eroti/puhoti kañahakive::105::
/ˈsɑki ˈeɹoti/ˈpuhoti ˈkɑŋɑhɑkive/
saki ero-ti/puho-ti kañaha-ki-ve ||
that.NOM before-ADVZ/after-ADVZ happen-PST-HSY ||

105. It happened beforehand/afterwards.

Sono (ero Harina)/(Harino puho) vopakive::106::
/ˈsono (ˈeɹo ˈhɑɹinɑ)/(ˈhɑɹino ˈpuho) ˈvopɑkive/
Sono (ero Hari-na)/(Hari-no puho) vopa-ki-ve ||
Sono.NOM (before Hari-PTV)/(Hari-GEN after) be.born-PST-HSY ||

106. John was born before/after Harry (was born).

siki piñapa ero kañahakive::107::
/ˈsiki ˈpiŋɑpɑ ˈeɹo ˈkɑŋɑhɑkive/
siki piña-pa ero kañaha-ki-ve ||
this.NOM long.time-ESS ago happen-PST-HSY ||

107. This happened a long time ago.

ha saha sikoti pisi hasapa yakive· sika tosi piña hasapa::108::
/hɑ ˈsɑhɑ ˈsikoti ˈpisi ˈhɑsɑpɑ ˈjɑkive | ˈsikɑ ˈtosi ˈpiŋɑ ˈhɑsɑpɑ/
ha saha sikoti pisi hasa-pa ya-ki-ve | sika tosi piña hasa-pa ||
3S.R.NOM there only short time-ESS be-PST-HSY | but other.NOM long time-ESS ||

108. She(i) was only there for a short time, but she(j) was there for a long time.

ha miraka hasapa sakina havekive::109::
/hɑ ˈmiɹɑkɑ ˈhɑsɑpɑ ˈsɑkinɑ ˈhɑvekive/
ha miraka hasa-pa saki-na have-ki-ve ||
3S.R.NOM somewhat time-ESS that-PTV think-PST-HSY ||

109. She thought about it for some time.

saki miraka hasapa ero kañahakive::110::
/ˈsɑki ˈmiɹɑkɑ ˈhɑsɑpɑ ˈeɹo ˈkɑŋɑhɑkive/
saki miraka hasa-pa ero kañaha-ki-ve ||
that.NOM somewhat time-ESS ago happen-PST-HSY ||

110. It happened some time ago (i.e. some time before).

saki ii ñisora kañahakive::111::
/ˈsɑki iː ˈŋisoɹɑ ˈkɑŋɑhɑkive/
saki ii ñiso-ra kañaha-ki-ve ||
that.NOM one moment-INE happen-PST-HSY ||

111. It happened in one moment.

PLACE~WHERE, HERE, NEAR, FAR, ABOVE, BELOW, ON (THIS) SIDE, INSIDE

ha siro yoha yakayo::112::
/hɑ ˈsiɹo ˈjohɑ ˈjɑkɑjo/
ha siro yoha ya-ka-yo ||
3S.R.NOM now where.Q be-PRS-Q ||

112. Where is she now?

saki siha kañahakiseve: saki (miha tosiha)/(tosi hosora) kañahakive::113::
/ˈsɑki ˈsihɑ ˈkɑŋɑhɑkiseve || ˈsɑki (ˈmihɑ ˈtosihɑ)/(ˈtosi ˈhosoɹɑ) ˈkɑŋɑhɑkive/
saki siha kañaha-ki-se-ve || saki (miha tosiha)/(tosi hoso-ra) kañaha-ki-ve ||
that.NOM here happen-PST-NEG-HSY || that.NOM (somewhere elsewhere)/(another place-INE) happen-PST-HSY ||

113. It didn’t happen here. It happened somewhere else (in another place).

yo saki sihe kuseha yakayo::114::
/jo ˈsɑki ˈsihe ˈkusehɑ ˈjɑkɑjo/
yo saki sihe kuseha ya-ka-yo ||
Q that.NOM from.here far be-PRS-Q ||

114. Is it far from here?

yo Reto Sonono sise sipikiyo::115::
/jo ˈɹeto ˈsonono ˈsise ˈsipikijo/
yo Reto Sono-no sise sipi-ki-yo ||
Q Reto.NOM Sono-GEN near stand-PST-Q ||

115. Was Fred standing (sitting, etc.) near John?

maya yoeno sise yakave::116::
/ˈmɑjɑ ˈjoeno ˈsise ˈjɑkɑve/
maya yoe-no sise ya-ka-ve ||
house.NOM river-GEN near be-PRS-HSY ||

116. The house (camp, etc.) is near the river.

saki kuseha ratosisano uraha yakave::117::
/ˈsɑki ˈkusehɑ ˈɹɑtoˌsisɑno ˈuɹɑhɑ ˈjɑkɑve/
saki kuseha rato-sisa-no uraha ya-ka-ve ||
that.NOM far ground-surface-GEN above be-PRS-HSY ||

117. It is far above the ground.

peña tosi ruñokokono uraha yakave::118::
/ˈpeŋɑ ˈtosi ˈɹuŋoˌkokono ˈuɹɑhɑ ˈjɑkɑve/
peña tosi ruño-koko-no uraha ya-ka-ve ||
head.NOM other body-part-GEN above be-PRS-HSY ||

118. The head is above other parts of the body.

yara tosi ruñokokono araha yakave::119::
/ˈjɑɹɑ ˈtosi ˈɹuŋoˌkokono ˈɑɹɑhɑ ˈjɑkɑve/
yara tosi ruño-koko-no araha ya-ka-ve ||
foot.NOM other body-part-GEN below be-PRS-HSY ||

119. The feet are below other parts of the body.

siro Sono (mano) siki poreha sipikava/votokava::120::
/ˈsiɹo ˈsono (ˈmɑno) ˈsiki ˈpoɹehɑ ˈsipikɑvɑ/ˈvotokɑvɑ/
siro Sono (ma-no) siki pore-ha sipi-ka-va/voto-ka-va ||
now Sono.NOM (1S-GEN) this.NOM side-ADE stand-PRS-SENS/sit-PRS-SENS ||

120. John is now [standing/sitting] on this side (of me).

Meri mano oke poreha sipikiva/votokiva· Sari vaseha::121::
/ˈmeɹi ˈmɑno ˈoke ˈpoɹehɑ ˈsipikivɑ/ˈvotokivɑ | ˈsɑɹi ˈvɑsehɑ/
Meri ma-no oke pore-ha sipi-ki-va/voto-ki-va | Sari vase-ha ||
Meri.NOM 1S-GEN right.ADJ.NOM side-ADE stand-PST-SENS/sit-PST-SENS | Sari.NOM left.ADJ-ADE ||

121. Mary was [standing/sitting] on my right-hand side, Sally was on my left-hand side.

he yoeno tosi poreha umakave::122::
/he ˈjoeno ˈtosi ˈpoɹehɑ ˈumɑkɑve/
he yoe-no tosi pore-ha uma-ka-ve ||
3P.NOM river-GEN other side-ADE dwell-PRS-HSY ||

122. They live on the other side of the river (mountain, etc.)

mimete kave kerino kaho poreha sipikive::123::
/ˈmimete ˈkɑve ˈkeɹino ˈkɑho ˈpoɹehɑ ˈsipikive/
mimete kave keri-no kaho pore-ha sipi-ki-ve ||
some woman.NOM road-GEN both side-ADE stand-PST-HSY ||

123. There were people standing on both sides of the road.

sikino maheha supu yakavo::124::
/ˈsikino ˈmɑhehɑ ˈsupu ˈjɑkɑvo/
siki-no maheha supu ya-ka-vo ||
this-GEN inside.ADV insect.NOM be-PRS-INFR ||

124. There is an insect inside this [e.g. walnut, apple].

ta sakina ovakase': maheha kaki yakavo sakina ta kerikasevo::125::
/tɑ ˈsɑkinɑ ˈovɑkɑseʔ || ˈmɑhehɑ ˈkɑki ˈjɑkɑvo ˈsɑkinɑ tɑ ˈkeɹikɑsevo/
ta saki-na ova-ka-se-' || maheha kaki ya-ka-vo saki-na ta keri-ka-se-vo ||
2S.NOM that-PTV open-PRS-NEG-IMP || inside.ADV which.REL.NOM be-PRS-INFR that-PTV 2S.NOM know-PRS-NEG-INFR ||

125. Don’t open it. You don’t know what is inside.

mimete kave mayano ise yakive· huhu mayara/maheha::126::
/ˈmimete ˈkɑve ˈmɑjɑno ˈise ˈjɑkive | ˈhuhu ˈmɑjɑɹɑ/ˈmɑhehɑ/
mimete kave maya-no ise ya-ki-ve | huhu maya-ra/maheha ||
some woman.NOM house-GEN in.front be-PST-HSY | rest house-INE/inside.ADV ||

126. Some people were in front of the house, others were inside.

BECAUSE, IF, MAYBE, CAN

vahu kiri yakiva: sikino semi· ma yinata hopokiseva::127::
/ˈvɑhu ˈkiɹi ˈjɑkivɑ || ˈsikino ˈsemi | mɑ ˈjinɑtɑ ˈhopokisevɑ/
vahu kiri ya-ki-va || siki-no semi | ma yina-ta hopo-ki-se-va ||
much noise.NOM be-PST-SENS || this-GEN for | 1S.NOM sleep-INF can-PST-NEG-SENS ||

127. There was a lot of noise (shouting, etc.). Because of this, I couldn't sleep.

ta yoñi tesekayo: siñi hii ha mana orokiva::128::
/tɑ ˈjoŋi ˈtesekɑjo || ˈsiŋi hiː hɑ ˈmɑnɑ ˈoɹokivɑ/
ta yoñi tese-ka-yo || siñi hii ha ma-na oro-ki-va ||
2S.NOM why.Q cry-PRS-Q || because that.CONJ 3S.R.NOM 1S-PTV hit-PST-SENS ||

128. Why are you crying? Because she hit me.

soo miku sikimu teñekavo niyi miki vahu pasena sihakaveha kañahata hopokavo::129::
/soː ˈmiku ˈsikimu ˈteŋekɑvo ˈniji ˈmiki ˈvɑhu ˈpɑsenɑ ˈsihɑˌkɑvehɑ ˈkɑŋɑhɑtɑ ˈhopokɑvo/
soo miku siki-mu teñe-ka-vo niyi miki vahu pase-na siha-kave-ha kañaha-ta hopo-ka-vo ||
if someone.NOM this-ACC do-PRS-INFR then something very bad-PTV here-woman-ADE happen-INF can-PRS-INFR ||

129. If someone does this, something very bad can happen to people here.

yaho ha apayupa tukavo· yaho tukasevo::130::
/ˈjɑho hɑ ˈɑpɑjupɑ ˈtukɑvo | ˈjɑho ˈtukɑsevo/
yaho ha apayu-pa tu-ka-vo | yaho tu-ka-se-vo ||
maybe 3S.R.NOM tomorrow-ESS come-PRS-INFR | maybe come-PRS-NEG-INFR ||

130. Maybe she will come tomorrow, maybe she won't (come tomorrow).

ma sakina siro teñeta hopokasevo· yaho mano nene hopokavo::132::
/mɑ ˈsɑkinɑ ˈsiɹo ˈteŋetɑ ˈhopokɑsevo | ˈjɑho ˈmɑno ˈnene ˈhopokavo/
ma saki-na siro teñe-ta hopo-ka-se-vo | yaho mano nene hopo-ka-vo ||
1S.NOM that-PTV now do-INF can-PRS-NEG-INFR | maybe 1S-GEN birthsister.NOM can-PRS-INFR ||

131. I can't do it now, maybe my sister (friend, etc.) can.

ma sakina siro teñeta hopokasevo· sika puhoti hopokavo::132::
/mɑ ˈsɑkinɑ ˈsiɹo ˈteŋetɑ ˈhopokɑsevo | ˈsikɑ ˈpuhoti ˈhopokɑvo/
ma saki-na siro teñe-ta hopo-ka-se-vo | sika puho-ti hopo-ka-vo ||
1S.NOM that-PTV now do-INF can-PRS-NEG-INFR | but after-ADVZ can-PRS-INFR ||

132. I can't do it now, but I can do it later.

ma sakimu teñeta ñepikavo::133::
/mɑ ˈsɑkimu ˈteŋetɑ ˈŋepikɑvo/
ma saki-mu teñe-ta ñepi-ka-vo ||
1S.NOM that-ACC do-INF have.to-PRS-INFR ||

133. I can't not do it (i.e. I have to do it).

huno somena minatata siro hopokaseva::134::
/ˈhuno ˈsomenɑ ˈminɑtɑtɑ ˈsiɹo ˈhopokɑsevɑ/
huno some-na mina-ta-ta siro hopo-ka-se-va ||
ones.own finger-PTV move-CAUS-INF now can-PRS-NEG-SENS ||

134. I can't move my fingers (hands, etc.) now.

VERY, MORE

saki vahu hea/pase/ute/pini yakavo::135::
/ˈsɑki ˈvɑhu heɑ/ˈpɑse/ˈute/ˈpini ˈjɑkɑvo/
saki vahu hea/pase/ute/pini ya-ka-vo ||
that.NOM very good/bad/big/small be-PRS-INFR ||

135. It is very good/bad/big/small.

saki hoso vahu kuseha sihe yakave::136::
/ˈsɑki ˈhoso ˈvɑhu ˈkusehɑ ˈsihe ˈjɑkɑve/
saki hoso vahu kuseha sihe ya-ka-ve ||
that.NOM place.NOM very far from.here be-PRS-HSY ||

136. This place [e.g. Gundaroo] is very far from here.

ere vahu vahu kuseha yakave::137::
/ˈeɹe ˈvɑhu ˈvɑhu ˈkusehɑ ˈjɑkɑve/
ere vahu vahu kuseha ya-ka-ve ||
star.NOM very very far.ADV be-PRS-HSY ||

137. The stars (moon, etc.) are very very far.

suo saki haha kañahakive niyi miki vahu vahu pasena viñikive::138::
/suo ˈsɑki ˈhɑhɑ ˈkɑŋɑhɑkive ˈniji ˈmiki ˈvɑhu ˈvɑhu ˈpɑsenɑ ˈviŋikive/
suo saki ha-ha kañaha-ki-ve niyi miki vahu vahu pase-na viñi-ki-ve ||
when.CONJ that.NOM 3S-ADE happen-PST-HSY then.CONJ something very very bad-PTV feel-PST-HSY ||

138. When it happened to her, she felt something very very bad.

ma sikimu vahu koyati teñeta netekava::139::
/mɑ ˈsikimu ˈvɑhu ˈkojɑti ˈteŋetɑ ˈnetekɑvɑ/
ma siki-mu vahu koya-ti teñe-ta nete-ka-va ||
1S.NOM this-ACC very firm-ADVZ do-INF want-PRS-SENS ||

139. I very much want to do this.

ñama::140::
/ˈŋɑmɑ/
ñama ||
more.ADV ||

140. More! (e.g. a child crying for food)

(puno sakire kerikava:) ñama kerita netekava::141::
/ˈpuno ˈsɑkiɹe ˈkeɹikɑvɑ || ˈŋɑmɑ ˈkeɹitɑ ˈnetekɑvɑ/
puno saki-re keri-ka-va: ñama keri-ta nete-ka-va ||
not.much that-ELA know-PRS-SENS || more know-INF want-PRS-SENS ||

141. (I don't know much about it.) I want to know more.

ñama neata netekava::142::
/ˈŋɑmɑ ˈneɑtɑ ˈnetekɑvɑ/
ñama nea-ta nete-ka-va ||
more see-INF want-PRS-SENS ||

142. I want to see more.

ha siha iñavera umakaseve::143::
/hɑ ˈsihɑ ˈiŋɑˌveɹɑ ˈumɑkɑseve/
ha siha iña-vera uma-ka-se-ve ||
3S.R.NOM here not-still.ADV dwell-PRS-NEG-HSY ||

143. She doesn't live here anymore.

iimu ñama netekava::144::
/ˈiːmu ˈŋɑmɑ ˈnetekɑvɑ/
ii-mu ñama nete-ka-va ||
one-ACC more want-PRS-SENS ||

144. I want one more.

LIKE

siki poya iña iipu ku ñeku tosi poya yakasevo::145::
/ˈsiki ˈpojɑ ˈiŋɑ ˈiːpu ku ˈŋeku ˈtosi ˈpojɑ ˈjɑkɑsevo/
siki poya iña iipu ku ñeku tosi poya ya-ka-se-vo ||
this.NOM child.NOM not alike as all other child.NOM be-PRS-NEG-INFR ||

145. This child is not like other children.

siki iipu ku sapo yakavo· sika sapo yakaseva::146::
/ˈsiki ˈiːpu ku ˈsɑpo ˈjɑkɑvo | ˈsikɑ ˈsɑpo ˈjɑkɑsevɑ/
siki iipu ku sapo ya-ka-vo | sika sapo ya-ka-se-va ||
this.NOM similar like lily.NOM be-PRS-INFR | but lily.NOM be-PRS-NEG-SENS ||

146. This is like lily, but it is not lily.

sikipu hasapa: sikipu hosora::147::
/ˈsikipu ˈhɑsɑpɑ || ˈsikipu ˈhosoɹɑ/
siki-pu hasa-pa || siki-pu hoso-ra ||
this-ADJZ time-ESS || this-ADJZ place-INE ||

147. At a time like this; in a place like this.

ha sakimu site teñekive hi~ ··· ::148::
/hɑ ˈsɑkimu ˈsite ˈteŋekive hi/
ha saki-mu site teñe-ki-ve hi ||
3S.R.NOM that-ACC this.way.ADV do-PST-HSY that.QUO ||

148. She did it (sang, danced, etc.) like this: ...

saki site kañahakive hi~ ··· ::149::
/ˈsɑki ˈsite ˈkɑŋɑhɑkive hi/
saki site kañaha-ki-ve hi ||
that.NOM this.way.ADV happen-PST-HSY that.QUO ||

149. It happened like this: ...

ha siki kañaña romakive: [···] ::150::
/hɑ ˈsiki ˈkɑŋɑŋɑ ˈɹomɑkive/
ha siki kaña-ña roma-ki-ve ||
3S.R.NOM this.NOM manner-COM sing-PST-HSY ||

150. She sang like this: —— [to demonstrate loudness, pitch, voice quality, etc.]
"That still counts as one." - Gimli son of Glóin

Translation challenge 26/100
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What is this, how you say, Rireinutire?
Iyionaku
mayan
mayan
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Joined: 25 May 2014 14:17

Re: NSM canonical sentences

Post by Iyionaku »

:con: Yélian

Only phrases 1-60 for now. I plan to publish the rest as well, but I'm too paranoid of losing all the sentences I've done so far.

SOMEONE~WHO, SOMETHING~THING~WHAT, PEOPLE, BODY
Spoiler:

1. Ya vat yireyet?
[ʃa vɐt ɕɨˈɾeːʃət]
who.REC DEM PST-do-3SG
Who did it?

2. Yipesut teʻat. Ciquinrai pi yat.
[ɕɨˈpeːsʉt ˈteːʔɐt | kɨˈkinɾaɪ̯ pɨ ʃat]
PST-take-INV.3SG.INAN someone-OBL | NEG-know-1SG that who.OBL
Someone took it. I don't know who.

3. Pòi yùiruntet?
[pɔʊ̯ ʃʉˈɾuntət]
what.REC PST-happen-3SG
What happened?

4. Yireyai ciytpirit.
[ɕɨˈreːʃaɪ̯ ˈka̯iːˌpiːɾɨt]
PST-do-1SG something-bad
I did something bad.

5. Pòi but?
[pɔ̯u bʉt]
what.REC COP.3SG.INAN
What is this?

6. Vat tiste lotabut/niypbut.
[vɐ‿ˈtistə ˈloːtɐbʉt / ˈna̯iːbʉt]
DEM thing big-COP.3SG.INAN/small-COP.3SG.INAN
That thing is big/small.

7. Cen vutret, cen bul palanfairan.
[ken ˈvutɾət, ken bʉl ˈpaːlɐnˌʰaɪ̯ɾɐn]
3PL.REC INT, 3PL.REC COP.3PL people.PL-good-PL
They are good people.

8. Vat ciquinrut palanlocan.
[vɐt‿ɨˈkinɾʉ‿ˈpaːlɐnˌloːkɐn]
DEM NEG-know-INV.3SG.INAN people-many
Many people don't know this.

9. Yinusan ciytpiritan urunti pès palanfairan.
[ˈʃiːnʉsɐn ˈka̯iːˈpiːɾɨtɐn uˈrunti pɛs ˈpaːlɐnˌfaɪ̯ɾɐn]
sometimes something-bad-PL happen-3PL towards people.PL-good-PL
Sometimes bad things happen to good people.

10. A'yacír o'broya civinét a'yacir on'áia.
[ɐʃɐˈkiːd̟ ɔ̈ˈbɾoːʃɐ kɨʋɨˈneːt ɐʃɐˈkiːd̟ ɔ̈ˈnaːɪ̯ɐ]
DEF.ANIM=body DEF.GEN=man NEG-be_like-3SG DEF.ANIM=body DEF.GEN=woman
The body of a man is not like the body of a woman.

A'grùber bit vun o'yacír o'palan, vát bit pun yacír.
[ɐˈgɾʉbəd̟ bɨt vun ɔ̈ʃɐˈkiːd̟ ɔ̈ˈpaːlɐn, va‿bɨ‿pʉn ʃɐˈkiːd̟]
DEF.ANIM=liver COP.3SG.ANIM part DEF.GEN=body DEF.GEN=people.PL, DEM COP.3SG in body
The liver is part of people's bodies, it is inside the body.
PARTS, KINDS
Spoiler:
12. Vat boro/Vat cusav murnet bar vuni prena.
[vɐ‿ˈboːɾɔ̈ / vɐt‿ˈuːsɐ ˈmuɾnə‿bad̟ ˈvunɨ ˈpɾeːnɐ]
DEM axe / DEM knife consist-3SG from part-ENUM two
This axe/This knife has two parts.

13. A'yacíran o'palan murni bar vunlocan.
[ɐʃɐˈkiːɾɐn ɔ̈ˈpaːlɐn ˈmuɾni ˈvunˌloːkɐn]
DEF.ANIM=body-PL DEF.GEN=people.PL consist-3PL from part-many
People’s (human) bodies have many parts.

14. Vut ciavet spèyiani prena o'barusan.
[vʉt‿ˈɪ̯aːʋət ˈspɛɕɪ̯ɐni ˈpɾeːnɐ ɔ̈ˈbaːɾʉsɐn]
3SG.INDEF exist-3SG species-PL-ENUM two DEF.GEN=bat-PL
There are two/many kinds of bat.

15. Quadvalodvut cet spèyiesudo, cut ciet. Vát bit spèyiespliat.
[kɐdvɐˈlodvʉt‿ət ˈspɛɕɪ̯əˌsuːdɔ̈, kʉt‿iː.ət | va‿bɨt ˈspɛɕɨ̯əsˌpliː.ɐt]
seemingly-look-COND.3SG.INAN like species-same, but not_be-3SG | DEM COP.3SG.ANIM species-other
It looks like the same kind (of fish, bird, etc.). But it's not. It's another kind.

16. Vut miatciavet spèyiesi mia on'igatyan pun vat samude.
[vʉt mɪ̯ɐˈtɪ̯aːʋət ˈspɛɕɨəsi ˈmiː.ɐ ɔ̈nɨˈxatʃɐn pʉn vɐt sɐˈmuːdə]
3SG.INDEF only-exist-3SG kind-ENUM one DEF.GEN=fish-PL in DEM lake
There is only one kind of fish in this lake.
THIS, THE SAME, OTHER~ELSE
Spoiler:
17. Vát faibit / Vát piritbit.
[vat ˈɸaɪ̯bɨt / vat ˈpiːɾɨbɨt]
DEM good-COP.3SG.ANIM | DEM bad-COP.3SG.INAN
This is good/bad.

18. Vát bit fleskelota / fleskeniypas.
[va‿bɨt ˈʰleskəˌloːtɐ / ˈʰleskəˌna̯iːpɐʃ]
DEM COP.3SG.ANIM basket-big / basket-small
This is a big/small basket.

19. Yivalai van palani prena. Yivalai vat puleomé.
[ɕɨˈvaːlaɪ̯ vɐn ˈpalɐni ˈpɾeːnɐ | ɕɨˈvaːlaɪ̯ vɐ‿pʉˈleː.ɔ̈ˌmeː]
PST-see-1SG DEM.PL people.PL-ENUM two | PST-see-1SG DEM people-COL
I saw these two people; all these people.

20. Yimuvalai tervil u ilvatasal.
[ɕɨmʉˈvaːlaɪ̯ ˈteɾvɨl u ˈilvɐˌtaːsɐl]
PST-same-see-1SG person TEMP day-next
I saw the same person the day after.

21. Yùiruntet cu statsudo cùs statpliat.
[ɕʉˈɾuntət‿ʉ ˈstatˌsuːdɔ̈ kʉs ˈstaˌpli.ɐt]
PST-happen-3SG at place-same instead_of place-different
It happened at the same place, not at another place.

22. Tat yimureyut/yimubicut.
[tat ɕɨmʉˈɾeːʃʉt / ɕɨmʉˈbiːkʉt]
3SG.FEM.OBL PST-same-do-INV.3SG.INAN / PST-same-say-INV.3SG.INAN
She did/said the same (the same thing).

23. Yireyut plíatan.
[ɕɨˈreːʃʉ‿ˈpliː.ɐtɐn]
PST-do-INV.3SG.INAN one_or_multiple_other_persons
Someone else did it.
ONE, TWO, SOME, ALL, MANY~MUCH, LITTLE~FEW
Spoiler:

24. Ocan îyin bét?
[ˈoːkɐn ˈiːɕɨn bet]
how_many child-PL have-3SG
How many children does she have?

25. Bét îyiʻi mia. Bét îyini prena. Bét îyilocan.
[bet ˈiːɕɨʔi ˈmiː.ɐ | bet ˈiːɕɨni ˈpɾeːnɐ | bet ˈiːɕɨˌloːkɐn]
have-3SG child-ENUM one | have-3SG child-PL-ENUM two | have-3SG child-many
She has one/two/many child(ren).

26. Vut ciavet ocan resif pun vat faʻat?
[vʉt‿ˈɪ̯aːʋət ˈoːkɐn ˈreːsɨ pʉn vɐt ˈɸaːʔɐt]
3SG.INDEF exist-3SG how_much water in DEM well
How much water is there in that well?

27. Vut ziuciavet resiflocan / resifyaparat.
[vʉt ˌcuˈkɪ̯aːʋət ˈɾeːsɨˌʰloːkɐn / ˈɾeːsɨʃɐˌpaːɾɐt]
3SG.INDEF here-exist-3SG water-much | water-very-little
There is much / very little water here.

28. Vut ciziuciavet palanlocan.
[vʉt‿ɨˌɟuˈkɪ̯aːʋə‿ˈpaːlɐnˌloːkɐn]
3SG.INDEF NEG-here-exist-3SG people.PL-many
Not many people live here.

29. (Vut yiziuciavet palanlocan.) Áquisat palani prena yimausʻi.
[vʉt ɕɨˌɟuˈkɪ̯aːʋə‿ˈpaːlɐnˌloːkɐn | ˈaːkɨsɐ‿ˈpaːlɐnɨ ˈpɾeːnɐ ɕɨˈmaʊ̯sʔi]
3SG.INDEF PST-here-exist-3SG people.PL-many | afterwards people.PL-ENUM two PST-go_away-3PL
(There were many people there.) After that, one/two (of them) left.

30. Oci tevet cipociytan faibul èpa ciytan anpibul.
[ˈoːkɨ ˈteːʋət‿ˈiːpɔ̈ˌkaɪ̯ːtɐn ˈɸaɪ̯bʉl ˈɛpɐ ˈka̯iːtɐn ˈanpɨbʉl]
among mass lemon-some-PL good-COP.3PL and some-PL rotten-COP.3PL
Some of these lemons are good, some are rotten.

31. Væ statciytan vut ciavet igatyanlocan / sirigulocan / ʻespanlocan.
[və ˈstaˌtai̯tɐn vʉt‿ˈɪ̯aːʋət ɨˈxatʃɐnˌloːkɐn / sɨˈɾiːxuˌloːkɐn / ˈʔespɐnˌloːkɐn]
in place-some-PL 3SG.INDEF exist-3SG fish.PL-many / rabbit-many / bird.PL-many
In some places there are lots of fish (rabbits, birds, etc.).

32. Vut ziuciavet resif.
[vʉt ˌcuːˈkɪ̯aːʋət ˈɾeːsɨ]
3SG.INDEF here-exist-3SG water
There is water here.

33. Zife palanbaratan numʻi.
[ˈciːɸə ˈpaːlɐnˌbaːɾɐtɐn ˈnumʔi]
here people-few-PL live-3PL
Very few people live there now.

34. Teʻanlocan o'cenʻit yicurʻi pès ril, teʻan yicurʻi pès ʻop.
[ˈteːʔɐnˌloːkɐn ɔ̈ˈkenʔɨt ɕɨˈkuɾʔi pɛs ril, ˈteːʔɐn ɕɨˈkuɾʔi pɛs ʔop]
some-many DEF.GEN=3PL.OBL PST-go-3PL towards east, some PST-go-3PL towards west
Many of them went to the east, some went to the west.
Edit: I think I've never had so many ʻOkinas in one Yélian sentence, it's usually a rare letter [xD]
35. Carat tao nepiamé kustotsbul.
[ˈkaːɾɐt taʊ̯ ˌneːpɪ̯ɐˈmeː ˈkustɔ̈t͡sbʉl]
now 3SG.FEM.POSS daughter-COL marry.INV-ADZ-COP.3PL
All her daughters are now married.

36. A'naku yairkunet ciytó væ vesmeta.
[ɐˈnaːkʉ ʃaɪ̯ɾˈkuːnət ka̯iːˈtoː və vəsˈmeːtɐ]
DEF.ANIM=fire PST-burn-3SG everything in/on island
The fire burnt everything on the island.
GOOD, BAD
Spoiler:
37. Palanfairan cireyʻi ciytveban.
[ˈpaːlɐˌnaɪ̯ɾɐn kɨˈɾeʃʔi ˈka̯iːtˌvebɐn]
people-good-PL NEG-do-3PL thing-such-PL
Good people don't do things like this.

38. Pès rat vát yifaibut / yipiritbut.
[pɛs ɾat vat ɕɨˈɸaɪ̯bʉt / ɕɨˈpiːɾɨbʉt]
towards 1SG.OBL DEM PST-good-COP.3SG.INAN / PST-bad-COP.3SG.INAN
This was good/bad for me.

39. Dipiritvælut vigo ciytvebat reyut.
[ˈdɨˈpiːɾɨtˌvœlʉt ˈviːxɔ̈ ˈka̯iːtˌveːbɐt ˈɾeːʃʉt]
COND-bad-COP.COND.3SG.INAN if something-such do-INV.3SG.INAN
It is bad if someone (or: people) does something like this.

40. Paʻatapradai vat tervil / stat.
[ˌpaːʔɐtɐˈpɾaːdaɪ̯ vɐt ˈteɾvɨl / stat]
accurate-know-1SG DEM person / place
I know this person/place well.

41. Vát tyafaireyut palanteʻan, cut cityafaireyut palanplian.
[kʉt‿ɨt͡ʃɐˌɸaɪ̯ˈɾeːʃʉt ˈpaːlɐnˌpli.ɐn]
DEM POT-good-do-INV.3SG.INAN people.PL-some-PL, but NEG-POT-good-do-INV.3SG.INAN people.PL-other.PL
Some people can do this well, some people can't.
THINK, KNOW, WANT, DON’T WANT
Spoiler:
42. Can pe manei?
[kɐn pe ˈmaːnɛɪ̯]
for what think-2SG
What are you thinking about?

43. Canat yimanai u piytælros.
[ˈkanɐt ɕɨˈmaːnaɪ̯ u ˈpa̯iːˌtœlɾɔ̈ʃ]
at-DEM PST-think-1SG TEMP time-long
I thought about it for a long time.

44. Vat tervil pès rat piritsanet.
[vɐt ˈteɾʌɨl pɛs ɾat ˌpiːɾɨtˈsaːnət]
DEM person DAT 1SG.OBL bad-think-3SG
This person thinks something bad about me.

45. Nailet yainai: »...«
[ˈnaɪ̯lət ˈʃaɪ̯naɪ̯]
like_that PST-think-1SG
I thought like this: "..."

46. Canat paʻatsemanas desiý sat roreyut.
[ˈkanɐt ˌpaːʔɐtsəˈmaːnɐʃ dəˈsa̯iː sat ɾɔ̈ˈɾeːʃʉt]
for-DEM accurate-first-think-JUS.2SG before 2SG.OBL FUT-do-INV.3SG.INAN
Think well about it first (before you do it).

47. Avitnúm ta bit? Re vutret, re ciquinrai. Mary baiùielov quinret.
[ɐʋɨtˈnuːm ta bɨt? ɾe ˈvutɾət, re kɨˈkinɾaɪ̯ | ˈmaːɾɨ baɪ̯.ʉ.ˈɪ̯eːlo ˈkinɾət]
where 3SG.FEM.NOM COP.3SG.ANIM | 1SG.NOM INT, 1SG.NOM NEG-know-1SG | PROP maybe know-3SG
(Where is she now?) I don't know. Maybe Mary knows.

48. Locanquinret vat o'gundesan.
[ˌloːkɐnˈkinɾɛt vɐt ɔ̈ˈgundəsɐn]
much-know-3SG DEM DEF.GEN=topic-PL
She knows much (a lot) about things like this.

49. Yimauset siy yéliun. Rat quinrut.
[ɕɨˈmaʊ̯sət sa̯iː ˈʃeːlɪ̯ʉn | ɾat ˈkinɾʉt]
PST-leave-3SG before moon | 1SG.OBL know-INV.3SG.INAN
49. (She left yesterday). I know.

50. Sat civareyaut.
[sat kɨʋɐˈɾeːʃaʊ̯t]
2SG.OBL NEG-VOL-do-JUS.INV.3SG.INAN
I want (don't want) you to do it.

51. Rat civauruntaut.
[rat kɨʋaʊ̯ˈɾuntaʊ̯t]
1SG.OBL NEG-VOL-happen-JUS.INV.3SG.INAN
I want (don't want) this to happen.
FEEL, SEE, HEAR
Spoiler:
52. Nat blidei a'yidáran u paru, pe anei?
[nɐ‿ˈbliːdɛɪ̯ ɐɕɨˈdaːɾɐn u ˈpaːɾu, pə ˈaːnɛɪ̯]
when look_at-2SG DEF.ANIM=star-PL TEMP night, what think-2SG
When you look at the stars at night, what do you feel?

53. Nat quozai, piritanai pun reo cerce.
[nɐt‿ˈoːɟaɪ̯, ˌpiːɾɨˈtaːnaɪ̯ pʉn ˈɾeː.ɔ̈ ˈkeɾkə]
when swallow-1SG, bad-feel-1SG in 1SG.POSS throat
When I swallow (something), I feel something very bad in my throat.

54. U yinus ciyainai civat.
[u ˈɕiːnʉs kɨˈʃaɪ̯naɪ̯ ˈkiːʋɐt]
TEMP moment NEG-PST-feel-1SG nothing
At that time (then), I didn’t feel anything.

55. Cîyvalbaipiritanai o'tat.
[ˌkiɕvɐlbaɪ̯ˌpiːɾɨˈtaːnaɪ̯ ɔ̈ˈtat]
not_anymore-some-bad-feel-1SG DEF.GEN=3SG.FEM.OBL
I don't feel anything bad towards her anymore.

56. Yizifevalai ciyt (teriys / ʻespem).
[ɕɨˌɟiːɸəˈʋaːlaɪ̯ ka̯iːt (ˈteːɾa̯iːs / ˈʔespəm]
PST-here-see-1SG something (dog / bird)
I saw something (a dog, bird, etc.) there.

57. (Áquisat) yivalai ciytpliat.
[ˈaːkɨsɐt ɕɨˈvaːlaɪ̯ ˈka̯iːˌpli.ɐt]
after-DEM PST-see-1SG something-different
(After that), I saw something else.

58. Ta vutret, ta yivalatsiámadet. Rat yirîyit.
[ta ˈvutɾət, ta ɕɨˈvaːlɐt͡sˌɪ̯aːmɐdət | rat ɕɨˈɾiːɕɨt]
3SG.FEM.REC INT, 3SG.FEM.REC PST-DIR.EVID-sing-3SG | 1SG.OBL PST-hear-INV.3SG.ANIM
She was singing – I heard it.

59. Re rai ciyt (atonúm pun posasó).
[ɾe raɪ̯ ˈka̯iːt (ɐtɔ̈ˈnuːm pʉn ˌpoːsɐˈsoː]
1SG.REC hear.1SG something (over_there in bush-COL
I hear something (over there in the bushes).

60. Rat ciyityarîyut.
[ɾat kɨɕɨt͡ʃɐˈɾiːʃʉt]
1SG.OBL NEG-PST-POT-hear-INV.3SG.INAN
I couldn’t hear it.





New words for this challenge:
parus [ˈpaːɾʉʃ] - bat
Etymology: cross-derived from paru "night"

ciytan [ˈka̯iːtɐn] - some (for things)
Etymology: ciyt "something" + plural suffix -an. Analogous to teʻan "some (for persons)".

kustots [ˈkustɔ̈t͡s] - married (for women, Southern Standard)
custats [ˈkustɐt͡s] - married (for women, Northern Standard)
Etymology: from custa + adjectivizer -ts
USAGE NOTES: in the Southern Standard, kustats is used for men. It derives from the direct form of the verb kusta "to marry". On the contrary, kustots derives from the inverse form of the same verb; It essentially means that men marry, whereas women are becoming married. This is still a reflection of an outdated societal model from the past, and women's rights organizations have repeatedly protested against this word. The Northern Standard had already abandonded the term custots in the 1970's to reflect the more liberal society today.
Wipe the glass. This is the usual way to start, even in the days, day and night, only a happy one.
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