Random phonology/phonemic inventory thread
Re: Random phonology/phonemic inventory thread
/m n ŋ/
/p t ts tɬ k/
/s ɬ h/
/l/
/ɑ ɛ ə ɪ ɞ/
/ɑ: e: ɯ: i: ʉ:/
/p/ is realized as /p/ normally. However, next to /ɪ/ or /i:/, it is realized as /p̪f/, /t̼/, or /t̪θ/. It is lenited to a fricative /ɸ/, /f/, /θ̼/, or /θ/ intervocalically. Thus, /ɑpɛ/ [ɑɸə], /ɑpɪ/ [æf~æθ̼~æθ].
/pə tə kə/ are realized as [p~h t~tʰ k~kʰ~x] if before a vowel or end of word. Similarly, /pɞ tɞ kɞ/ are realized as [p~ɸ tʷ~tʷʰ kʷ~kʷʰ~xʷ] in the same environments.
/ɪpə/ [ɪh] /ɪkɞ/ [ɪçʷ]
[t s ɬ ts tɬ kɬ l k x m n ŋ] become [c ʃ ƛ tʃ cƛ cƛ λ c ç ɱ~n̼~n̪ ɲ ɲ] next to /ɪ i:/. /ɪ ə ɞ/ are deleted before a vowel or end of word, and /ɑ ɛ/ are realized as [a i] in those environments.
/ɑ ɞ ɛ ə/ are [æ œ e ɪ] next to palatal(ized) or coronal consonants, and [ʌ ʊ ə ω] next to velars, and [ɑ ɞ ɛ ə] if next to both.
/p t ts tɬ k/
/s ɬ h/
/l/
/ɑ ɛ ə ɪ ɞ/
/ɑ: e: ɯ: i: ʉ:/
/p/ is realized as /p/ normally. However, next to /ɪ/ or /i:/, it is realized as /p̪f/, /t̼/, or /t̪θ/. It is lenited to a fricative /ɸ/, /f/, /θ̼/, or /θ/ intervocalically. Thus, /ɑpɛ/ [ɑɸə], /ɑpɪ/ [æf~æθ̼~æθ].
/pə tə kə/ are realized as [p~h t~tʰ k~kʰ~x] if before a vowel or end of word. Similarly, /pɞ tɞ kɞ/ are realized as [p~ɸ tʷ~tʷʰ kʷ~kʷʰ~xʷ] in the same environments.
/ɪpə/ [ɪh] /ɪkɞ/ [ɪçʷ]
[t s ɬ ts tɬ kɬ l k x m n ŋ] become [c ʃ ƛ tʃ cƛ cƛ λ c ç ɱ~n̼~n̪ ɲ ɲ] next to /ɪ i:/. /ɪ ə ɞ/ are deleted before a vowel or end of word, and /ɑ ɛ/ are realized as [a i] in those environments.
/ɑ ɞ ɛ ə/ are [æ œ e ɪ] next to palatal(ized) or coronal consonants, and [ʌ ʊ ə ω] next to velars, and [ɑ ɞ ɛ ə] if next to both.
Re: Random phonology/phonemic inventory thread
The Phonology of Ṛemese, (From the Endonym of the largest island, Ṛem, /ɻem/ whose language acts as a lingua franca for the The Crowned Republic of Ṛem and The United Islands), an altlang which is an Austronesian language spoken in the IRL South Ryukyu Islands:
/t k/ <t k>
/t͡ʃ d͡ʒ/ <ch j>
/m n ɲ/ <m n ny>
/ɾ/ <rr>
/ɸ s ʃ h ɦ/ <f s sh h ȟ>
/ɹ ɻ j w/ < r ṛ y w>
/i y u e o ə a/ <i ü u e o ǎ a>
/t k/ <t k>
/t͡ʃ d͡ʒ/ <ch j>
/m n ɲ/ <m n ny>
/ɾ/ <rr>
/ɸ s ʃ h ɦ/ <f s sh h ȟ>
/ɹ ɻ j w/ < r ṛ y w>
/i y u e o ə a/ <i ü u e o ǎ a>
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Re: Random phonology/phonemic inventory thread
A question on diachronics
So I have /tʰ/ which changes to /r̥/ when bounded by vowels or a word boundary. e.g.: /tʰatʰ/-> /r̥ar̥/, /atʰa/ -> /ar̥a/.
However, I am having trouble deciding what /tʰ/ should become when adjacent to other consonants, particularly stops and voiced sonorants. The current consonant inventory is as follows:
/p t k pʰ tʰ kʰ pʲ tʲ kʲ pʷ tʷ kʷ/
/s t͡s/
/m n ŋ/
/r l ɣ/
Any ideas? /pʰ/ becomes /f/ everywhere, so maybe /tʰ/ could become /s/ in clusters?
So I have /tʰ/ which changes to /r̥/ when bounded by vowels or a word boundary. e.g.: /tʰatʰ/-> /r̥ar̥/, /atʰa/ -> /ar̥a/.
However, I am having trouble deciding what /tʰ/ should become when adjacent to other consonants, particularly stops and voiced sonorants. The current consonant inventory is as follows:
/p t k pʰ tʰ kʰ pʲ tʲ kʲ pʷ tʷ kʷ/
/s t͡s/
/m n ŋ/
/r l ɣ/
Any ideas? /pʰ/ becomes /f/ everywhere, so maybe /tʰ/ could become /s/ in clusters?
Re: Random phonology/phonemic inventory thread
Some conlangs. My main ones all redone.
Birdish
/p b t d k g ʔ/ p b t d k g ʼ
/ɸ β s z ɕ~ʃ ʑ~ʒ x~h ɣ/ f v s z x j ħ ģ
/ʦ ʣ ʨ~ʧ ʥ~ʤ/ ç ʒ c ĵ
/m n ɲ ŋ/ m n ñ ŋ
/l ʎ j ɰ~ʋ/ l ɫ y w
/ɾ r/ r ŗ
/ɮ/ ḷ
/Ø~Vː/ h
/i e ɛ a/ i ė e a
/ɯ u ʊ ɤ o ʌ ɔ ɒ/ ü u ù õ ȯ ö o ȧ
/ɨ ʉ ə ɜ/ î û ë ä
/Vː/ VV or V̄ or Vh
/Vʔ/ V’
Breve is used when vowels are pronounced shorter.
Pheasanti
/m n ɲ ŋ/ m n ñ/ny ng
/p b t d k g ʔ/ p b t d k g ʼ
/f v s z ʃ ʒ h/ f v s z š/sh ž/zh h
/ʧ ʤ/ č/ky/ty j/dy/gy
/l ʎ j w/ l ĺ/ly y w
/ɾ r/ r (medial and final) r (initial)/rr (other)
/i y u e ø ɤ o a/ i ü u e ʌ ə o a
Vowels can be long, written with macron.
Diphthongs are present, with glide in diphthong written as i/e/u/o/ü with a breve above.
Modern Standard Birdish
/m n ɲ ŋ/ m n ñ ŋ
/p b t d k g ʔ/ p b t d k g '
/ɸ β s z ʃ ʒ x~h ɣ/ f v s z x j ḥ ģ
/ʦ ʣ ʧ ʤ/ ç ʒ c ĵ
/l ʎ j ɰ~ɣ/ l ɫ y w
/ɾ r/ r ŕ
/ɮ/ ĺ
/i ɨ ʉ u ʊ e ɤ~ø ə o ɛ ʌ~œ ɔ a/ i ï ü u ŏ é ŭ ë ó e ö o a
Long vowels = VV/Vh/V̄
Birdish
/p b t d k g ʔ/ p b t d k g ʼ
/ɸ β s z ɕ~ʃ ʑ~ʒ x~h ɣ/ f v s z x j ħ ģ
/ʦ ʣ ʨ~ʧ ʥ~ʤ/ ç ʒ c ĵ
/m n ɲ ŋ/ m n ñ ŋ
/l ʎ j ɰ~ʋ/ l ɫ y w
/ɾ r/ r ŗ
/ɮ/ ḷ
/Ø~Vː/ h
/i e ɛ a/ i ė e a
/ɯ u ʊ ɤ o ʌ ɔ ɒ/ ü u ù õ ȯ ö o ȧ
/ɨ ʉ ə ɜ/ î û ë ä
/Vː/ VV or V̄ or Vh
/Vʔ/ V’
Breve is used when vowels are pronounced shorter.
Pheasanti
/m n ɲ ŋ/ m n ñ/ny ng
/p b t d k g ʔ/ p b t d k g ʼ
/f v s z ʃ ʒ h/ f v s z š/sh ž/zh h
/ʧ ʤ/ č/ky/ty j/dy/gy
/l ʎ j w/ l ĺ/ly y w
/ɾ r/ r (medial and final) r (initial)/rr (other)
/i y u e ø ɤ o a/ i ü u e ʌ ə o a
Vowels can be long, written with macron.
Diphthongs are present, with glide in diphthong written as i/e/u/o/ü with a breve above.
Modern Standard Birdish
/m n ɲ ŋ/ m n ñ ŋ
/p b t d k g ʔ/ p b t d k g '
/ɸ β s z ʃ ʒ x~h ɣ/ f v s z x j ḥ ģ
/ʦ ʣ ʧ ʤ/ ç ʒ c ĵ
/l ʎ j ɰ~ɣ/ l ɫ y w
/ɾ r/ r ŕ
/ɮ/ ĺ
/i ɨ ʉ u ʊ e ɤ~ø ə o ɛ ʌ~œ ɔ a/ i ï ü u ŏ é ŭ ë ó e ö o a
Long vowels = VV/Vh/V̄
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Re: Random phonology/phonemic inventory thread
/m n ŋ/
/p b t d k ɡ ʔ/
/ts dz/
/θ ð s z h/
/r j w/
/l/
/i ɨ ɯ u/
/e ə o/
/ɛ ɔ/
/a ä ɑ/
Allophone of consonants
/n t~ts~k d~dz~ɡ θ~s ð~z h l/ before /i/, /e/ or if palatized:
[ɲ tɕ dʑ ɕ ʑ ç ʎ]
/h l/ before /ɯ/ or /ɑ/:
[x ɫ]
/t d h/ before /u/, /o/ or if labialized:
[ts dz ɸ]
/p b t d k ɡ ʔ/
/ts dz/
/θ ð s z h/
/r j w/
/l/
/i ɨ ɯ u/
/e ə o/
/ɛ ɔ/
/a ä ɑ/
Allophone of consonants
/n t~ts~k d~dz~ɡ θ~s ð~z h l/ before /i/, /e/ or if palatized:
[ɲ tɕ dʑ ɕ ʑ ç ʎ]
/h l/ before /ɯ/ or /ɑ/:
[x ɫ]
/t d h/ before /u/, /o/ or if labialized:
[ts dz ɸ]
Re: Random phonology/phonemic inventory thread
Attempt for an orthography where <s> represents / ʃ/ and <c/ci> represents/s/
p t c k (/k/ only appears after back vowels) <p t c(after back vowels)/k after front vowels k>
b d ɟ g (/g/ only appears after back vowels) <b d g g>
m n ɲ <m n nj>
f s ʃ <f c(after front vowels)/ci(after back vowels) s>
v z h <v z h>
r l ʎ <r l lj>
j <j>
p t c k (/k/ only appears after back vowels) <p t c(after back vowels)/k after front vowels k>
b d ɟ g (/g/ only appears after back vowels) <b d g g>
m n ɲ <m n nj>
f s ʃ <f c(after front vowels)/ci(after back vowels) s>
v z h <v z h>
r l ʎ <r l lj>
j <j>
Last edited by Omzinesý on 01 Sep 2019 19:05, edited 1 time in total.
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Re: Random phonology/phonemic inventory thread
Sōkoan vowels latest:
Code: Select all
← back front →
ɑ a
o ɤ ɛ̠ e
u ɯ ɨ i
Re: Random phonology/phonemic inventory thread
Am asking, how does someone distinguish this?
/a ä ɑ/
/a ä ɑ/
𖥑𖧨𖣫𖦺𖣦𖢋𖤼𖥃𖣔𖣋𖢅𖡹𖡨𖡶𖡦𖡧𖡚𖠨
Re: Random phonology/phonemic inventory thread
When speaking, you put your tongue in different positions when pronouncing each of the three. When listening, some part of your brain interprets the signals and identifies their acoustic differences to distinguish them.
This looks like a facetious answer, but it's not. If you have difficulties to distinguish them because of your native language, this doesn't mean that others do. Many Spanish speakers are unable to distinguish all three of "soak", "suck" and "sock" as pronounced by speakers of American English, and American English speakers tend to find this baffling. On the other hand, speakers of American English (and Spanish) have a lot of trouble distinguishing German /e:/ from /i:/.
It is also possible that these so-called "/a ä ɑ/" phonemes are actually abstractions of much more distinct surface phones. For example, it's possible that /ɑ/ triggers velarization in the consonant before, while /a/ has an effect in the consonant before it (perhaps for historical reasons, due to /a/ coming from earlier /jä/), without mentioning that perhaps one or two of them are usually long except in some environments. This would lead to minimal pairs like:
/kam käm kɑm/ [tʃam käm kʷɑ:m].
Please note that it is very unusual to use "/a ä ɑ/" as the notation. The convention in linguistics is to use "/æ a ɑ/" instead, regardless of what the IPA table might suggest. Outside the IPA, in Chinese linguistics "/a ᴀ ɑ/" is preferred, using a small ᴀ for the central vowel.
hīc sunt linguificēs. hēr bēoþ tungemakeras.
Re: Random phonology/phonemic inventory thread
First off, thank you for that. Second, is there any living language that does present the front and central <a> as two distinguishable sounds? That's my whole point.Ser wrote: ↑01 Sep 2019 21:43When speaking, you put your tongue in different positions when pronouncing each of the three. When listening, some part of your brain interprets the signals and identifies their acoustic differences to distinguish them.
This looks like a facetious answer, but it's not. If you have difficulties to distinguish them because of your native language, this doesn't mean that others do. Many Spanish speakers are unable to distinguish all three of "soak", "suck" and "sock" as pronounced by speakers of American English, and American English speakers tend to find this baffling. On the other hand, speakers of American English (and Spanish) have a lot of trouble distinguishing German /e:/ from /i:/.
It is also possible that these so-called "/a ä ɑ/" phonemes are actually abstractions of much more distinct surface phones. For example, it's possible that /ɑ/ triggers velarization in the consonant before, while /a/ has an effect in the consonant before it (perhaps for historical reasons, due to /a/ coming from earlier /jä/), without mentioning that perhaps one or two of them are usually long except in some environments. This would lead to minimal pairs like:
/kam käm kɑm/ [tʃam käm kʷɑ:m].
Please note that it is very unusual to use "/a ä ɑ/" as the notation. The convention in linguistics is to use "/æ a ɑ/" instead, regardless of what the IPA table might suggest. Outside the IPA, in Chinese linguistics "/a ᴀ ɑ/" is preferred, using a small ᴀ for the central vowel.
𖥑𖧨𖣫𖦺𖣦𖢋𖤼𖥃𖣔𖣋𖢅𖡹𖡨𖡶𖡦𖡧𖡚𖠨
Re: Random phonology/phonemic inventory thread
I'm not sure about this, but I seem to remember that no languages distinguishing a front and a central /a/ is precisely the reason why no separate symbols for the two exist in IPA. However, a language that does distinguish them may have been discovered since the invention of the IPA.
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Re: Random phonology/phonemic inventory thread
In IPA the central one is near-open rather than open.Zekoslav wrote: ↑02 Sep 2019 11:48 I'm not sure about this, but I seem to remember that no languages distinguishing a front and a central /a/ is precisely the reason why no separate symbols for the two exist in IPA. However, a language that does distinguish them may have been discovered since the invention of the IPA.
There are definitely languages that have both an open (low) front vowel and an open (low) back vowel.
Woisika appears to also have a central open vowel.
Spoiler:
So does Dan. It contains front unrounded, central unrounded, and back rounded low vowels.
—————
Still, if a language that has an open central vowel, its lowest front and back vowels are likelier to be open-mid or near-open; and if a language has both an open front vowel and an open back vowel, its lowest central vowel is likelier to be open-mid or near-open.
Otherwise the lowest row or two of the vowel-chart is just too crowded.
Blackness/frontness differences between vowels the same height (closeness), are easier to articulate and to hear, the closer (higher) the vowels are.
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Re: Random phonology/phonemic inventory thread
The Hamont dialect of Limburgish has previously been cited on this forum as a language that distinguishes front, central and back low vowels.Zekoslav wrote: ↑02 Sep 2019 11:48 I'm not sure about this, but I seem to remember that no languages distinguishing a front and a central /a/ is precisely the reason why no separate symbols for the two exist in IPA. However, a language that does distinguish them may have been discovered since the invention of the IPA.
Re: Random phonology/phonemic inventory thread
p t k ʔ
f θ x h
s
m n ŋ
l j w
f θ x h
s
m n ŋ
l j w
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Re: Random phonology/phonemic inventory thread
The New and Improved Proto-Muyan.
*p *t *ʈ *c *k *q
*pʰ *tʰ *ʈʰ *cʰ *kʰ *qʰ
*m *n *ŋ
*w *l *j
The series labeled as alveolar and retroflex were more likely dental-laminal and apical respectively. The stopped nature of the palatals is debatable.
*iː *ʊ *uː
*ɛː *ə *ɒː
*iː *uː *ɛː *ɒː were full vowels, *ə *ʊ reduced. All vowels distinguished modal and creaky voice.
Syllable structure was CV(n), where coda /n/ assimilated to the POA of a following consonant and completely to a following /l/.
Root structure was limited - Roots could consist of either a single syllable with a full vowel, two syllables with reduced vowels, or a syllable with a full vowel followed by a syllable with a reduced vowel.
Example
cətʰəjiːtʰiː cʰɒ̰ːllə ŋiːlɒːʈʰʊ
cə-<əj>tʰiː-PROG cʰɒ̰ːllə ŋiː-lɒːʈʰʊ
PROX-<2>eat-PROG smoke LOC-hut
You're smoking in the hut
*p *t *ʈ *c *k *q
*pʰ *tʰ *ʈʰ *cʰ *kʰ *qʰ
*m *n *ŋ
*w *l *j
The series labeled as alveolar and retroflex were more likely dental-laminal and apical respectively. The stopped nature of the palatals is debatable.
*iː *ʊ *uː
*ɛː *ə *ɒː
*iː *uː *ɛː *ɒː were full vowels, *ə *ʊ reduced. All vowels distinguished modal and creaky voice.
Syllable structure was CV(n), where coda /n/ assimilated to the POA of a following consonant and completely to a following /l/.
Root structure was limited - Roots could consist of either a single syllable with a full vowel, two syllables with reduced vowels, or a syllable with a full vowel followed by a syllable with a reduced vowel.
Example
cətʰəjiːtʰiː cʰɒ̰ːllə ŋiːlɒːʈʰʊ
cə-<əj>tʰiː-PROG cʰɒ̰ːllə ŋiː-lɒːʈʰʊ
PROX-<2>eat-PROG smoke LOC-hut
You're smoking in the hut
Re: Random phonology/phonemic inventory thread
I'm still playing with the same-ish phonology.
pʰ tʰ t͡ɕ kʰ <p t cx k>
p~b t~d c~ɟ k~g <b d c g>
m̥ʰ n̥ʰ ɲ̥ʰ ŋ̥ʰ <mh nh nch ngh>
m n ɲ ŋ <m n nc ng>
s ɕ <s x>
l j ɰ w <l j q w>
i ɯ u <i y u>
e̞ ɘ̞ o̞ <e a o>
a ɑ ɒ <e̩ a̩ o̩>
Stress is fixed on the penultimate syllable. Stressed syllables have either a rising tone <á> or a lowering tone <à>.
Vowels cannot be phonemically long. Two adjacent, same, unstressed vowels are however usually pronounced together.
Phonotactics:
(C)(C)(G)(V) where j stands for a glide.
Consonant clusters can be:
i) two stops or two nasals the leftmost of them having no own release. A palatal and a velar cannot, however, form such a cluster.
ii) a non-labial obstruent + /l/. /l/ assimilates with the place or articulation of the preceding obstruent. If the obstruent is aspirated /l/ is devoiced, and they form a phonetic lateral affricate. (I'm still not sure how /t͡ɕ/ + /l/ realises.)
Clusters i) and ii) cannot be combined for three-member clusters.
Any of the three glides /j ɰ w/ can precede a non-high vowel.
pʰ tʰ t͡ɕ kʰ <p t cx k>
p~b t~d c~ɟ k~g <b d c g>
m̥ʰ n̥ʰ ɲ̥ʰ ŋ̥ʰ <mh nh nch ngh>
m n ɲ ŋ <m n nc ng>
s ɕ <s x>
l j ɰ w <l j q w>
i ɯ u <i y u>
e̞ ɘ̞ o̞ <e a o>
a ɑ ɒ <e̩ a̩ o̩>
Stress is fixed on the penultimate syllable. Stressed syllables have either a rising tone <á> or a lowering tone <à>.
Vowels cannot be phonemically long. Two adjacent, same, unstressed vowels are however usually pronounced together.
Phonotactics:
(C)(C)(G)(V) where j stands for a glide.
Consonant clusters can be:
i) two stops or two nasals the leftmost of them having no own release. A palatal and a velar cannot, however, form such a cluster.
ii) a non-labial obstruent + /l/. /l/ assimilates with the place or articulation of the preceding obstruent. If the obstruent is aspirated /l/ is devoiced, and they form a phonetic lateral affricate. (I'm still not sure how /t͡ɕ/ + /l/ realises.)
Clusters i) and ii) cannot be combined for three-member clusters.
Any of the three glides /j ɰ w/ can precede a non-high vowel.
Code: Select all
pt, pcx, pk, tp, tcx, tk, cp, ct, kp, kt = 10
bd, bc, bg, db, dc, dg, cb, cd, kb, kd = 10
mnh, mnch, mngh, nmh, nnch, nngh, ncmh, ncnh, ngmh, ngnh = 10
mn, mnc, mng, nm, nnc, nng, ncm, ncn, ngm, ngn = 10
tl, cxl, kl = 3
dl, cl, gl = 3
sl, xl =2
je, ja, jo, je̩ ja̩ jo̩
qe, qa, qo, qe̩ qa̩ qo̩
we, wa, wo, we̩ wa̩ wo̩
(22 single consonants + 48 clusters) * (9 single vowels + 18 diphthongs) = 1890 possible syllables. Most roots are bisyllabic.
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Re: Random phonology/phonemic inventory thread
Even if it does, you can just use /æ a ɑ/.DesEsseintes wrote: ↑02 Sep 2019 17:00The Hamont dialect of Limburgish has previously been cited on this forum as a language that distinguishes front, central and back low vowels.Zekoslav wrote: ↑02 Sep 2019 11:48 I'm not sure about this, but I seem to remember that no languages distinguishing a front and a central /a/ is precisely the reason why no separate symbols for the two exist in IPA. However, a language that does distinguish them may have been discovered since the invention of the IPA.
Re: Random phonology/phonemic inventory thread
Just a random phonology I came up with and thought I'd post since I doubt I'll do anything with it:
/m n ŋ/
/p t k/
/pˀ tˀ kˀ/
/t͡s/
/s z/
/ʪ ʫ/
/ɸ β j x ɣ/
/h̪͆ ɦ̪͆/
/r/
/ə ɨ/
/á é í ó ú/
/à è ì ò ù/
/áː éː íː óː úː/
/àː èː ìː òː ùː/
With short vowels, tone is only contrastive on the penultimate syllable in polysyllabic words, the final syllable in bisyllabic words, and in monosyllabic words; elsewhere, pitch is allophonic. Long vowels can only occur in the first syllable of a word, but with them tone is always contrastive. /ə ɨ/ can only occur in the initial syllabe of a word (or the second syllable if the initial syllable has a long vowel) and their pitch is always purely allophonic.
/p t k/ are [pʰ tʰ kʰ] word-initially and when geminated; only homorganic stop clusters are allowed intervocalically.
/pˀ tˀ kˀ/ are [pʼ tʼ kʼ] word-initially and after voiceless consonants, [ɓ ɗ ɠ] after voiced consonants and [ʔ̚ɓ ʔ̚ɗ ʔ̚ɠ] intervocalically.
/ɸ β/, /x ɣ/ and /h̪͆ ɦ̪͆/ are only contrastive word-initially; only /β ɣ ɦ̪͆/ occur intervocalically and after voiced consonants while only /ɸ x h̪͆/ occur after voiceless consonants.
/r/ is [ɾ] intervocalically.
Intervocalically, in addition to homorganic nasal-plosive clusters, /mt ŋp ŋt/ occur and are pronounced [n͡mtʰ~mp̚tʰ ŋ͡mpʰ~ŋk̚pʰ ŋ͡ntʰ~ŋk̚tʰ]. Also, /mt͡s ŋt͡s/ occur and are [n͡mt͡sʰ~mp̚t͡sʰ ŋ͡nt͡sʰ~ŋk̚t͡sʰ].
The intervocalic clusters /rp rt rk/ are [rb~r̝̊p̚pʰ rd~r̝̊t̚tʰ rg~r̝̊k̚kʰ].
Only /m n ŋ p t k r/ are allowed in coda, but the clusters /mp nt ŋk rp rt rk/ do occur word-finally; they tend to be [mbᵊ ndᵊ ŋgᵊ rbᵊ rdᵊ rgᵊ], the very short vocalic release's pitch being variably whatever creates the smoothest transition to the next word.
A few random meaningless words:
/sóːʪì/ [só̞ːʪ̠ʲì]
/tˀənáŋ/ [tʼə̀ná̠ŋ]
/ɸúːŋzúmi/ [ɸúːŋzúmʲí]
/kˀakˀú/ [kʼà̠ʔ̚ɠú]
/kɨpˀarèɦ̪͆e/ [kʰɯ̽ʔ̚ɓá̠ɾè̞ɦ̪͆è̞]
/áːsərámp/ [á̠ːsə̀ɾámbᵊ]
/h̪͆imízi/ [h̪͆ìmʲíʑí]
/ɨmt͡sòrko/ [ɨ̀mp̚t͡sʰór̝̊k̚kʰó]
/ùːppˀəɣupˀùʫuŋ/ [ùːp̚pʼə̀ɣùʔ̚ɓùʫùŋ]
/ìːməβéna/ [ìːmə̀βé̞ná̠]
/tùːɦ̪͆ú/ [tʰùːɦ̪͆ú]
...so yeah, yet another kitchen sink phonology. Obviously it's not naturalistic, since bidental fricatives and lateral sibilants are very rare sounds and implosives aren't all that common either so all three existing in the same language would be insanely unlikely, but I could imagine it coming about naturally if /h̪͆ ɦ̪͆/ developed from /*f *v/ to make them more distinct from /ɸ β/ and /ʪ ʫ/ developed from /*sl *zl/ clusters or something while /*l/ otherwise merged into /r/ or whatever. More natural sound changes from that situation would probably be /*ɸ *β/ -> /p b/ and /*sl *zl/ -> /ɬ ɮ/, but eh.
/m n ŋ/
/p t k/
/pˀ tˀ kˀ/
/t͡s/
/s z/
/ʪ ʫ/
/ɸ β j x ɣ/
/h̪͆ ɦ̪͆/
/r/
/ə ɨ/
/á é í ó ú/
/à è ì ò ù/
/áː éː íː óː úː/
/àː èː ìː òː ùː/
With short vowels, tone is only contrastive on the penultimate syllable in polysyllabic words, the final syllable in bisyllabic words, and in monosyllabic words; elsewhere, pitch is allophonic. Long vowels can only occur in the first syllable of a word, but with them tone is always contrastive. /ə ɨ/ can only occur in the initial syllabe of a word (or the second syllable if the initial syllable has a long vowel) and their pitch is always purely allophonic.
/p t k/ are [pʰ tʰ kʰ] word-initially and when geminated; only homorganic stop clusters are allowed intervocalically.
/pˀ tˀ kˀ/ are [pʼ tʼ kʼ] word-initially and after voiceless consonants, [ɓ ɗ ɠ] after voiced consonants and [ʔ̚ɓ ʔ̚ɗ ʔ̚ɠ] intervocalically.
/ɸ β/, /x ɣ/ and /h̪͆ ɦ̪͆/ are only contrastive word-initially; only /β ɣ ɦ̪͆/ occur intervocalically and after voiced consonants while only /ɸ x h̪͆/ occur after voiceless consonants.
/r/ is [ɾ] intervocalically.
Intervocalically, in addition to homorganic nasal-plosive clusters, /mt ŋp ŋt/ occur and are pronounced [n͡mtʰ~mp̚tʰ ŋ͡mpʰ~ŋk̚pʰ ŋ͡ntʰ~ŋk̚tʰ]. Also, /mt͡s ŋt͡s/ occur and are [n͡mt͡sʰ~mp̚t͡sʰ ŋ͡nt͡sʰ~ŋk̚t͡sʰ].
The intervocalic clusters /rp rt rk/ are [rb~r̝̊p̚pʰ rd~r̝̊t̚tʰ rg~r̝̊k̚kʰ].
Only /m n ŋ p t k r/ are allowed in coda, but the clusters /mp nt ŋk rp rt rk/ do occur word-finally; they tend to be [mbᵊ ndᵊ ŋgᵊ rbᵊ rdᵊ rgᵊ], the very short vocalic release's pitch being variably whatever creates the smoothest transition to the next word.
A few random meaningless words:
/sóːʪì/ [só̞ːʪ̠ʲì]
/tˀənáŋ/ [tʼə̀ná̠ŋ]
/ɸúːŋzúmi/ [ɸúːŋzúmʲí]
/kˀakˀú/ [kʼà̠ʔ̚ɠú]
/kɨpˀarèɦ̪͆e/ [kʰɯ̽ʔ̚ɓá̠ɾè̞ɦ̪͆è̞]
/áːsərámp/ [á̠ːsə̀ɾámbᵊ]
/h̪͆imízi/ [h̪͆ìmʲíʑí]
/ɨmt͡sòrko/ [ɨ̀mp̚t͡sʰór̝̊k̚kʰó]
/ùːppˀəɣupˀùʫuŋ/ [ùːp̚pʼə̀ɣùʔ̚ɓùʫùŋ]
/ìːməβéna/ [ìːmə̀βé̞ná̠]
/tùːɦ̪͆ú/ [tʰùːɦ̪͆ú]
...so yeah, yet another kitchen sink phonology. Obviously it's not naturalistic, since bidental fricatives and lateral sibilants are very rare sounds and implosives aren't all that common either so all three existing in the same language would be insanely unlikely, but I could imagine it coming about naturally if /h̪͆ ɦ̪͆/ developed from /*f *v/ to make them more distinct from /ɸ β/ and /ʪ ʫ/ developed from /*sl *zl/ clusters or something while /*l/ otherwise merged into /r/ or whatever. More natural sound changes from that situation would probably be /*ɸ *β/ -> /p b/ and /*sl *zl/ -> /ɬ ɮ/, but eh.
Re: Random phonology/phonemic inventory thread
/m n ŋ ŋʷ/ m n ŋ ŋʷ
/p b t d k g kʷ gʷ/ p b t d k g q g̊
/f v s z ʃ ʒ x ɣ xʷ ɣʷ h hʷ/ f v s z ś ź x ğ xʷ ğʷ h hʷ
/ʦ ʣ ʧ ʤ/ c j ć ʒ
/l ɹ j ʎ ɥ w ɰ/ l ż j ĺ ŷ w ŵ
/r/ <r>
/i ɨ u ɯ̈ e ə o ɛ ʌ ɔ ɐ a/ i ï u ü e ë o è ö ò a
/p b t d k g kʷ gʷ/ p b t d k g q g̊
/f v s z ʃ ʒ x ɣ xʷ ɣʷ h hʷ/ f v s z ś ź x ğ xʷ ğʷ h hʷ
/ʦ ʣ ʧ ʤ/ c j ć ʒ
/l ɹ j ʎ ɥ w ɰ/ l ż j ĺ ŷ w ŵ
/r/ <r>
/i ɨ u ɯ̈ e ə o ɛ ʌ ɔ ɐ a/ i ï u ü e ë o è ö ò a
- Creyeditor
- MVP
- Posts: 5121
- Joined: 14 Aug 2012 19:32
Re: Random phonology/phonemic inventory thread
I just wanted to stress again how much I appreciate random phonologies that are more than a phoneme inventory.Vlürch wrote: ↑29 Sep 2019 18:35 Just a random phonology I came up with and thought I'd post since I doubt I'll do anything with it:
/m n ŋ/
/p t k/
/pˀ tˀ kˀ/
/t͡s/
/s z/
/ʪ ʫ/
/ɸ β j x ɣ/
/h̪͆ ɦ̪͆/
/r/
/ə ɨ/
/á é í ó ú/
/à è ì ò ù/
/áː éː íː óː úː/
/àː èː ìː òː ùː/
With short vowels, tone is only contrastive on the penultimate syllable in polysyllabic words, the final syllable in bisyllabic words, and in monosyllabic words; elsewhere, pitch is allophonic. Long vowels can only occur in the first syllable of a word, but with them tone is always contrastive. /ə ɨ/ can only occur in the initial syllabe of a word (or the second syllable if the initial syllable has a long vowel) and their pitch is always purely allophonic.
/p t k/ are [pʰ tʰ kʰ] word-initially and when geminated; only homorganic stop clusters are allowed intervocalically.
/pˀ tˀ kˀ/ are [pʼ tʼ kʼ] word-initially and after voiceless consonants, [ɓ ɗ ɠ] after voiced consonants and [ʔ̚ɓ ʔ̚ɗ ʔ̚ɠ] intervocalically.
/ɸ β/, /x ɣ/ and /h̪͆ ɦ̪͆/ are only contrastive word-initially; only /β ɣ ɦ̪͆/ occur intervocalically and after voiced consonants while only /ɸ x h̪͆/ occur after voiceless consonants.
/r/ is [ɾ] intervocalically.
Intervocalically, in addition to homorganic nasal-plosive clusters, /mt ŋp ŋt/ occur and are pronounced [n͡mtʰ~mp̚tʰ ŋ͡mpʰ~ŋk̚pʰ ŋ͡ntʰ~ŋk̚tʰ]. Also, /mt͡s ŋt͡s/ occur and are [n͡mt͡sʰ~mp̚t͡sʰ ŋ͡nt͡sʰ~ŋk̚t͡sʰ].
The intervocalic clusters /rp rt rk/ are [rb~r̝̊p̚pʰ rd~r̝̊t̚tʰ rg~r̝̊k̚kʰ].
Only /m n ŋ p t k r/ are allowed in coda, but the clusters /mp nt ŋk rp rt rk/ do occur word-finally; they tend to be [mbᵊ ndᵊ ŋgᵊ rbᵊ rdᵊ rgᵊ], the very short vocalic release's pitch being variably whatever creates the smoothest transition to the next word.
A few random meaningless words:
/sóːʪì/ [só̞ːʪ̠ʲì]
/tˀənáŋ/ [tʼə̀ná̠ŋ]
/ɸúːŋzúmi/ [ɸúːŋzúmʲí]
/kˀakˀú/ [kʼà̠ʔ̚ɠú]
/kɨpˀarèɦ̪͆e/ [kʰɯ̽ʔ̚ɓá̠ɾè̞ɦ̪͆è̞]
/áːsərámp/ [á̠ːsə̀ɾámbᵊ]
/h̪͆imízi/ [h̪͆ìmʲíʑí]
/ɨmt͡sòrko/ [ɨ̀mp̚t͡sʰór̝̊k̚kʰó]
/ùːppˀəɣupˀùʫuŋ/ [ùːp̚pʼə̀ɣùʔ̚ɓùʫùŋ]
/ìːməβéna/ [ìːmə̀βé̞ná̠]
/tùːɦ̪͆ú/ [tʰùːɦ̪͆ú]
...so yeah, yet another kitchen sink phonology. Obviously it's not naturalistic, since bidental fricatives and lateral sibilants are very rare sounds and implosives aren't all that common either so all three existing in the same language would be insanely unlikely, but I could imagine it coming about naturally if /h̪͆ ɦ̪͆/ developed from /*f *v/ to make them more distinct from /ɸ β/ and /ʪ ʫ/ developed from /*sl *zl/ clusters or something while /*l/ otherwise merged into /r/ or whatever. More natural sound changes from that situation would probably be /*ɸ *β/ -> /p b/ and /*sl *zl/ -> /ɬ ɮ/, but eh.
Creyeditor
"Thoughts are free."
Produce, Analyze, Manipulate
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Ook & Omlűt & Nautli languages & Sperenjas
Papuan languages, Morphophonology, Lexical Semantics
"Thoughts are free."
Produce, Analyze, Manipulate
1 2 3 4 4
Ook & Omlűt & Nautli languages & Sperenjas
Papuan languages, Morphophonology, Lexical Semantics