Lexember 2022

[Jackk]

22nd Lexember

boðar "send a message"

boðar /boˈðar/ [bʊˈðɑː]
- send a message, get in touch, communicate, to dispatch a communication to somebody;
- signal, transmit, to cause a message to be conveyed by some means;
- (specifically) text, telegram, fax, to send a message in text form via a long-distance network;
- (proscribed) call, ring, telephone, to get in touch with someone by telephone or similar voice-based system

Etymology: from Old Boral, a verbal derivative of bouð (also boðour) "messenger, courier" (modern "signal, message"), which is borrowed from Old English boda "messenger".

Bouð y viker ða i no's ac yent pre haçol.
/buθ i viˈkɛr ða i nɔz ak jɛnt pre haˈtsɔl/
[buh i vɪˈkɛː ða i nɔz ak jɛnt pʀe hɐˈdzɔw]
text def deputy if 3s neg-be here arrive.p.pst before noon
Text the deputy if he's not here by noon.

[Khemehekis]

Shaleyan

DAY 11

kalab: (T) to transform (into); to turn into

Salina kalab holon lepuma.
girl turn_into giant lepuma
The girl turned into a giant lepuma.

A lepuma (I used this word last Lexember too) is an aquatic Nessie/plesiosaur/Lapras type creature of Shaleya. It has a somewhat vertebrate body plan, with a cartilaginous skeleton.

DAY 12

oyoz: (T) to affect, to shape, to influence

Uphasiphonas ñoliph koy wakish al ba zesada ba pozos oyoz al.
any_other event than moreso 3s.ANIM of parent(s) of divorce shape 3s.ANIM
Her parents' divorce shaped her moreso than any other event.

Bonus words: pozos: (T) to split an atom; to divorce; fission; divorce
opos: atom
uphasiphonas: any other (uphas, any + phonas, other)
wakish: moreso

DAY 13

hehus: (P) to shrink

Hehus nobub ba sumopil da da sazaz nazakhi.
shrink population of proportion 1* *1 practice religion
The proportion of the population that practices a religion is shrinking.

Bonus word: sumopil: proportion (percentage) (sumo, pie + pil, slice)

DAY 14

kayaz: trend

Meñepashuduzañul hokesh deshi ba wayakh ba kayaz.
sociologist track teen of pregnancy of trend
Sociologists have tracked the trends in teen pregnancy.

Bonus words: meñepashuduwaphe: sociology (meñep, community + shudu, system + aphe, study)
meñepashuduzañul: sociologist (meñep + shudu + zañul, scientist)
hokesh: (T) to track, to keep track of
wayakh: pregnancy (way, pregnant + -akh, the state of being [adjective]

DAY 15

zidakhukayaz: dip, downturn
zidakh, down + kayaz
phikayaz: spike, upturn
phi, up + kayaz

Sena ba zidakhukayaz map Polis shazo mesa dizanop.
market of downturn because_of Polis drink COMP heavy-ADV
Polis is drinking more heavily because of a downturn in the market.

Bonus words: shazo: (A) to drink (alcohol)
dizan: intense, heavy
dizanop: intensely, heavily

NEW GRAMMAR: To turn an adjective into an adverb, add the suffix -op (dropping the final vowel if the adjective ends in a vowel):

beshaw (good) -> beshawop (well)
pebiyo (bad) -> pebiyop (badly)

Adverbs inflect like adjectives:

beshawop = good
mesa beshawop = better
hosha beshawop = best
wen beshawop = less good, not as good
yilay beshawop = the least good
neshoy beshawop = as well, equally well

DAY 16

elikayaz: (P) to peak; peak (statistical)
eli, high + kayaz

Yeph phoha is elikayaz phameña ba pamun.
that decade in peak phamein of use
Phamein use peaked in that decade.

Phamein is a recreational drug derived from the pham, a Shaleyan plant of the pink plant kingdom (as opposed to the green plant kingdom). It has the hallucinogenic effect of making everything you see look pink.

Bonus words: phoha: decade
howalediyaz: millennium (howal, ten + diyaz, century)

DAY 17

miyushoyey: version (of song, folktale, etc.)
miyu, to proceed, to go on + shoyey, way

Bedeyesukhed saw Delob enanash lik howalesad "Suzi Pazesh Sizukap" ba miyushoyey.
playground at Terran researcher record twelve Suzy own steamboat of version
The Terran researcher recorded twelve versions of "Miss Suzy Had a Steamboat" at the playground.

Bonus words: enan: (T) to research; research
enanash: researcher (enan + -ash, agent noun suffix)
lik: (T) to record (data, an event)
omon: (T) to record (music)
sizukap: steamboat (dates back to the name of a Tzielite man who invented the steamboat)
bedey: tanbark
bedeyesukhed: playground (bedey + sukhed, box)

DAY 18

nolemened: wilderness
nol, wild + mened, place, site

Nolemened an howekh ole pay yomak zolip khin al.
wilderness in forty day for walk in_order_to send 3s.ANIM
He was sent to walk for forty days in the wilderness.

DAY 19

khuhuz: coal

Moy hupi pokos khuhuz ba mibohoshuph.
certain senator have_ties_to coal of industry
A certain senator has ties to the coal industry.

Bonus words: huweshimiñok: senate (huwesh, country, nation, land + miñok, to stand)
huweshimiñokukopi: senator (huweshimiñok + kopi, person, people) -- hupi for short
pokos: (T) to have links to, to have ties to; link

DAY 20

ñaloy: fossil
hukh: fuel
ñaloyehukh: fossil fuel (ñaloy + hukh)

En zuz ñaloyehukh ba pamun ponos en loyod nin lomo zehikepoñash.
1p end fossil_fuel of use unless 1p conquer NEG can climate_change
We cannot conquer climate change unless we end the use of fossil fuels.

Bonus words: zuz: (T) to stop, to cease, to end, to terminate
loyod: (T) to conquer; conquest
pezed: (T) to defeat
zehikepoñash: climate change (zehik, climate + poñash, altered state)

DAY 21

belen: emerald
kaben: ruby
powen: sapphire

Al sayu kaben is phal bodos kekik iledakh
3s.ANIM bite ruby while seven tooth be_broken king
The king (regnant) broke seven teeth biting the rubies.

Bonus words: meyiledakh: queen consort, king consort (mey, with + iledakh, monarch, king regnant, queen regnant)
kekik: (T) to have broken, to have fractured Ab ba domen kekik ab. I broke/fractured my skull.

NEW GRAMMAR: To indicate that something happened while or through something else happening, put the phrase with the main event after the circumstantial event, while is (while, as) after the circumstantial event, and include the agent and/or patient pronouns, as necessary, of the circumstantial event as if it were an independent sentence:

Al silu libu is al ba phud zipid Dam.
3s.ANIM climb pole while 3s.ANIM of knee be_skinned Tom
Tom skinned his knee climbing the pole.

DAY 22

liñob: bud

Ana khomo ewadi ba liñob.
Ana harvest cannabis of bud
Ana harvested the buds of the cannabis.

Bonus word: khomo: (T) to harvest; to reap

[Khemehekis]

Khemehekis:
Ah, I see! That makes sense. I suppose I assumed that a language with /ʃ/ but without /t͡ʃ/ would replace foreign [t͡ʃ] in loanwords with just /ʃ/ rather than stop + vowel + /ʃ/, hence why it initially seemed to me as if -da- had come out of nowhere. Thanks for clarifying. Is the quality of the epenthetic vowel that gets inserted to break up a cluster determined by some feature of one or both of the consonants involved?

You're welcome. The epenthetic vowels tend to reflect the proximity of a consonant to the back or front of the mouth, plus backward or forward movement. But here is the whole list:

Spoiler:

When combining one word that ends with a consonant with a word that begins with a vowel, the two are simply put together one after another: pazesh (own) + udan (government) = pazeshudan (socialism). When combining a word that ends with a vowel with a word that begins with a consonant, they are also put together one after another: sola (dead) + phan (love) = solaphan (necrophilia). Other compounds require epenthetic consonants or vowels. When two vowels are being combined, add -h- after a-, -y- after e- or i-, and -w- after o- or u-: eme (peace) + aphan (speak) = emeyaphan (diplomacy). When one word ends in a consonant and the next begins with a consonant, check the chart below. For example, l- pairing up with -m introduces the middle vowel -e-, so lil (light) + maley (room) = lilemaley (cinema, movie theater).

b+b: i
b+d: a
b+h: u
b+k: u
b+kh: u
b+l: a
b+m: i
b+n: a
b+ñ: a
b+p: i
b+ph: i
b+s: a
b+sh: a
b+w: e
b+y: a
b+z: a

d+b: i
d+d: a
d+h: u
d+k: u
d+kh: u
d+l: a
d+m: i
d+n: a
d+ñ: a
d+p: i
d+ph: i
d+s: a
d+sh: a
d+w: e
d+y: a
d+z: a

k+b: e
k+d: a
k+h: u
k+k: u
k+kh: u
k+l: a
k+m: e
k+n: a
k+ñ: a
k+p: e
k+ph: e
k+s: a
k+sh: a
k+w: e
k+y: a
k+z: a

kh+b: e
kh+d: a
kh+h: u
kh+k: u
kh+kh: u
kh+l: a
kh+m: e
kh+n: a
kh+ñ: a
kh+p: e
kh+ph: e
kh+s: a
kh+sh: a
kh+w: e
kh+y: a
kh+z: a

l+b: e
l+d: e
l+h: e
l+k: e
l+kh: e
l+l: e
l+m: e
l+n: e
l+ñ: e
l+p: e
l+ph: e
l+s: e
l+sh: e
l+w: e
l+y: e
l+z: e

m+b: i
m+d: a
m+h: u
m+k: u
m+kh: u
m+l: a
m+m: i
m+n: a
m+ñ: a
m+p: i
m+ph: i
m+s: a
m+sh: a
m+w: e
m+y: a
m+z: a

n+b: i
n+d: a
n+h: u
n+k: u
n+kh: u
n+l: a
n+m: i
n+n: a
n+ñ: a
n+p: i
n+ph: i
n+s: a
n+sh: a
n+w: e
n+y: a
n+z: a

p+b: i
p+d: a
p+h: u
p+k: u
p+kh: u
p+l: a
p+m: i
p+n: a
p+ñ: a
p+p: i
p+ph: i
p+s: a
p+sh: a
p+w: e
p+y: a
p+z: a

ph+b: i
ph+d: a
ph+h: u
ph+k: u
ph+kh: u
ph+l: a
ph+m: i
ph+n: a
ph+ñ: a
ph+p: i
ph+ph: i
ph+s: a
ph+sh: a
ph+w: e
ph+y: a
ph+z: a

s+b: i
s+d: a
s+h: u
s+k: u
s+kh: u
s+l: a
s+m: i
s+n: a
s+ñ: a
s+p: i
s+ph: i
s+s: a
s+sh: a
s+w: e
s+y: a
s+z: a

sh+b: i
sh+d: a
sh+h: u
sh+k: u
sh+kh: u
sh+l: a
sh+m: i
sh+n: a
sh+ñ: a
sh+p: i
sh+ph: i
sh+s: a
sh+sh: a
sh+w: e
sh+y: a
sh+z: a

w+b: i
w+d: e
w+h: e
w+k: e
w+kh: e
w+l: e
w+m: i
w+n: e
w+ñ: e
w+p: i
w+ph: i
w+s: e
w+sh: e
w+w: e
w+y: e
w+z: e

y+b: i
y+d: e
y+h: e
y+k: e
y+kh: e
y+l: e
y+m: i
y+n: e
y+ñ: e
y+p: i
y+ph: i
y+s: e
y+sh: e
y+w: e
y+y: e
y+z: e

z+b: i
z+d: a
z+h: u
z+k: u
z+kh: u
z+l: a
z+m: i
z+n: a
z+ñ: a
z+p: i
z+ph: i
z+s: a
z+sh: a
z+w: e
z+y: a
z+z: a

[Iyionaku]

Lexember 23 - Yélian

abariyre [ɐbɐˈɾa̯iːɾə] - lichen; slime fungus
Etymology: from abár "tree" + biyre "vessel, tube"; literally "vessel-like structure around trees")

USAGE NOTES: Yélian doesn't differentiate between these two very different taxons.

Vat prodar fecun ulec on'abrés vit tyamètsvalei pas gratnoran cibut ela. Vat bit abariyre, sumbiós yor apʻacyon yor niybuinun.
[vɐˈpɾoːdɐd̟ ˈɸeːkʉn ˈuːlək ɔ̈nɐˈbɾeːs vɨt t͡ʃɐmɛt͡sˈvaːlɛɪ̯ pɐs ˈgɾatnɔ̈ɾɐn ˈkiːbʉt ˈeːlɐ | vɐ‿bɨt ɐbɐˈɾa̯iːɾə, sʉmˈbɪ̯oːʃ ʃɔ̈d̟ ɐpˈʔakʃɔ̈n ʃɔ̈d̟ na̯iːˈbuːnʉn]
DEM structure with kind DEF.GEN=leaf REL POT-sometimes-see-2SG on wall-PL NEG-COP.3SG.INAN plant | DEM COP.3SG.ANIM lichen, symbiosis between funghus-PL between bacteria-PL
This leaf-like structure you occasionally see on walls is not a plant. It's a lichen, a symbioses between funghi and bacteria.

New words for this challenge:

prodar [ˈpɾoːdɐd̟] - structure
Etymology: extension in meaning; prodar "cross". Compare loreprodar "infrastructure"

sumbiós [sʉmˈbɪ̯oːʃ] - simbiosis
Etymology: loan from Ancient Greek συμβίωσις (sumbíōsis).

[Khemehekis]

Vat prodar fecun ulec on'abrés vit tyamètsvalei pas gratnoran cibut ela. Vat bit abariyre, sumbiós yor apʻacyon yor niybuinun.
[vɐˈpɾoːdɐd̟ ˈɸeːkʉn ˈuːlək ɔ̈nɐˈbɾeːs vɨt t͡ʃɐmɛt͡sˈvaːlɛɪ̯ pɐs ˈgɾatnɔ̈ɾɐn ˈkiːbʉt ˈeːlɐ | vɐ‿bɨt ɐbɐˈɾa̯iːɾə, sʉmˈbɪ̯oːʃ ʃɔ̈d̟ ɐpˈʔakʃɔ̈n ʃɔ̈d̟ na̯iːˈbuːnʉn]
DEM structure with kind DEF.GEN=leaf REL POT-sometimes-see-2SG on wall-PL NEG-COP.3SG.INAN plant | DEM COP.3SG.ANIM lichen, symbiosis between funghus-PL between bacteria-PL
This leaf-like structure you occasionally see on walls is not a plant. It's a lichen, a symbioses between funghi and bacteria.

I thought a lichen was a symbiosis between a fungus and an alga.

[Iyionaku]

I thought a lichen was a symbiosis between a fungus and an alga.
[/quote]

According to Wikipedia, it can be both - either a symbiosis between a fungus and an alga, or between a fungus and a cyanobacterium (which used to be grouped together with algae in the past, but not anymore).

[Knox Adjacent]

Day 22
-yuɳ- v.t. follow; pursue; chase after; hunt

ɳi-yuɳʈici hunting ground

Trying progressive assimilation

[zyma]

Day 23

---

Hannaito (Entry 23):

an /an/ [ˈʔɑ̃n]
Noun:
1. flower, blossom, bloom
2. flowering plant
3. bouquet, flower arrangement
4. any relatively cheap, impersonal gift
5. congratulations, well-wishes
6. condolences
7. ornament, decoration
8. unusual word choice
9. star (of a theatrical production, etc.)

Etymology
From Proto-Hannaitoan *kaam "flower".

nau /nau/ [ˈnau̯]
Noun:
1. root, roots
2. tuber, bulb, root vegetable
3. source, origin, base, basis, foundation
4. cave, cave system
5. basement, cellar

Etymology
From Proto-Hannaitoan *nääw "root".

---

Old Visigothic (Entry 23):

bluma /ˈbloːma/ [ˈbloː.mɑ], [ˈbluo̯.mɑ]
Noun:
1. flower
2. bloom, blooming, blossom, blossoming, flowering
3. flowering plant
4. lily

Alternative forms
bloma, bluoma
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *blōmô. Compare Biblical Gothic 𐌱𐌻𐍉𐌼𐌰 (blōma) and Vandalic *bluma.
Related terms
Related terms include uuigdina "thistle" (compare 𐍅𐌹𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌼 (wigadeinōm)), thorn "thorn; briar; a thorn-bearing plant" (< *þurnuz), thornin "made of thorns" (compare 𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 (þaurneins)), nard "nard, spikenard" (compare 𐌽𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌿𐍃 (nardus)), and balsam "balsam; balm, ointment" (compare 𐌱𐌰𐌻𐍃𐌰𐌽 (balsan)).

uuort /ˈwɔrt/ [ˈwɔɾt]
Noun:
1. root (of a plant)
2. root, source, origin
3. lineage, descent
4. herb, spice
5. plant, vegetable

Alternative forms
uort, guort, uuorts, uorts, guorts
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *wurt-. Compare Biblical Gothic 𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍄𐍃 (waurts).
Related terms
Related terms include sinap "mustard" (compare 𐍃𐌹𐌽𐌰𐍀𐌹𐍃 (sināpis)), gauuort "rooted" (compare 𐌲𐌰𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍄𐍃 (gawaurts)), and ortgard "orchard, garden" (compare 𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍄𐌹𐌲𐌰𐍂𐌳𐍃 (aurtigards)).

[Khemehekis]

I thought a lichen was a symbiosis between a fungus and an alga.

According to Wikipedia, it can be both - either a symbiosis between a fungus and an alga, or between a fungus and a cyanobacterium (which used to be grouped together with algae in the past, but not anymore).

Cyanobacteria, really? Huh. Learned something new today.

[Man in Space]

Lexember 20

éntad /éntàθ/ [éndɹàθ] (pl. éntad ar) 'drought, famine'

Lexember 21

kardü /kàɹθỳ/ [kàɹðỳ] (pl. aardü /ààɹθỳ/ [ààɹðỳ]) 'weight, stone'

Lexember 22

tëd /tɤ̀θ/ [tɤ̀θ] (pl. erud /èɹùθ/ [èɹùθ]) 'noise, sound, signal'

Lexember 23

dotła /θòtɬà/ [θòtɬà] (pl. odtiła /òθtìɬà/ [òθtìɮà]) 'cat, feline (general term)'

[Knox Adjacent]

Day 23
yi-ʈulimar n. shagbark hickory (carya ovata)

[Man in Space]

Lexember 24

kódag /kóθàʕ/ [kóðàʕ] (pl. ókdag /ókθàʕ/ [ókθàʕ]) n. 'moment, unit of time'

[Iyionaku]

Lexember 24 - Yélian

tyarel [ˈt͡ʃaːɾəl] - bog, moor, marsh
Etymology: new root

Vut cîyvalciet tyaranlocan.
[vʉt‿ˌiɕvɐlˈkɪ̯et ˈt͡ʃaːɾɐnˌloːkɐn]
3SG.INDEF not_anymore-not_exist-3SG moor-PL-many.PL
There aren't many moors anymore.

[zyma]

Day 24

---

Hannaito (Entry 24):

ünbüyai /ɯᵝnbɯᵝjai/ [ˈʔɯ̃ᵝm.bɯᵝˌjai̯], [ˈʔɯ̃ᵝm.bɨᵝˌjai̯]
Adjective:
1. (of plants) evergreen, sempervirent
2. of or relating to evergreen plants (especially conifers)
3. loyal, constant, trustworthy, faithful, reliable
4. timeless, lasting
5. ageless, eternal, everlasting, immortal, infinite
6. boring, predictable, tired, overused, overdone, clichéd, hackneyed, banal

Alternative forms
ümbüyai
Etymology
From ünbü "snow; winter, wintertime" (< Proto-Hannaitoan *ŋuubu "snow") + yai "green, verdant" (< PH *yaaz "green").

djihonchë /dihontɘ/ [ˈd͡ʑi.ɦõnˌt͡ɕɪ̈]
Noun:
1. lumberjack, woodcutter, logger
2. beaver
3. axe, saw; tool for cutting wood

Alternative forms
djihomëchë, djihomechë
Etymology
From djihon "to fell, to chop down", borrowed from Classical Leran dīgam "tree trunk, log" or dīgamē "to harvest wood", + the nominalizing suffix -chë (< Proto-Hannaitoan *teewuu "hand, paw, handle").
Usage notes
Nouns formed with the suffix -chë most often refer exclusively to human beings. djihonchë is a notable exception, although Sense 1 is still the most common.

---

Old Visigothic (Entry 24):

aquisi /ˈakwizi/ [ˈɑ.kwi.zi]
Noun:
1. axe (tool for chopping wood)
2. battle axe, axe (weapon)
3. hatchet, hand axe

Alternative forms
aquese, aquise, aquesi, acusi, acose, acuse, acosi
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *akwisī. Compare Biblical Gothic 𐌰𐌵𐌹𐌶𐌹 (aqizi).
Related terms
Related terms include giltha "sickle; scythe" (compare 𐌲𐌹𐌻𐌸𐌰 (gilþa)), hoa "plough/plow" (< *hōhô), uuinthescoro "a kind of tool used for winnowing" (compare 𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌸𐌹𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍉 (winþiskaurō)), uuepen "weapon" (< *wēpną), aruuasna "missile, dart, arrow" (compare 𐌰𐍂𐍈𐌰𐌶𐌽𐌰 (arƕazna)), buga "bow (weapon)" (< *bugô), fuother "sheath, scabbard" (< *fōdrą), her "sword" (< *heruz), miece "knife, dagger, sword" (< *mēkijaz), alesna "awl" (< *alasnō), and hiela "awl" (< *ēlō).

ceinan /ˈkiːnan/ [ˈkiː.nɑn]
Verb (Strong Class 1, Irregular):
1. to sprout, to germinate
2. to bud
3. to split open, to burst open, to break open, to crack open, to tear open
4. to grow

Conjugation
ceinan /ˈkiːnan/ [ˈkiː.nɑn] - infinitive
cain /ˈkɛːn/ [ˈkɛːn], [ˈkɛi̯n] - 1st person singular past indicative; 3rd person singular past indicative
cion /ˈkiun/ [ˈki.(j)un] or cinon /ˈkinun/ [ˈki.nun] - 3rd person plural past indicative
cian /ˈkian/ [ˈki.(j)ɑn] or cinan /ˈkinan/ [ˈki.nɑn] - past participle (strong/indefinite masculine nominative singular)
Alternative forms
cinan, ceina, cina; cein, cen; cihon, ciun, cihun, cinun; cihan, cians, cihans, cinans
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *kīnaną. Compare Biblical Gothic 𐌺𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌽 (keinan).
Related terms
Related terms include ceith "seed, germ, sprout, shoot, bud, seedling" (< *kīþą), ceima "sprout, germ" (< *kīmô), usceinan "to sprout, to germinate" (compare 𐌿𐍃𐌺𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌽 (uskeinan)), midusceinan "to sprout with, to spring up with" (compare 𐌼𐌹𐌸𐌿𐍃𐌺𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌽 (miþuskeinan)), gruodhia "to turn green, to grow" (< *grōþijaną), uuaxian "to grow, to sprout" (< *wahsijaną), usuuaxt "increase, growth" (compare 𐌿𐍃𐍅𐌰𐌷𐍃𐍄𐍃 (uswahsts)), uuaxto "size, stature; increase, growth" (< *wahstuz), ocan "to grow, to increase" (< *aukaną), ocnan "to grow, to become larger" (< *auknaną), oc "because; also" (< *auk), alan "to grow, to mature, to be nourished" (< *alaną), and alian "to nourish, to nurture, to fatten" (< *aljaną).

[Jackk]

23rd Lexember

taus "rate"

taus /toz/ [toz]
- rate, speed, the rapidity at which some process takes place;
- value, worth, the quality which renders someone or something desirable or valuable;
- (rare) price, cost, the monetary quantity needed to pruchase an item

Etymology: from Old Boral taus "tax, price", deverbal of taussar "to impose a tax on" borrowed from Old French and reflecting Latin taxō "I handle, charge, appraise, reckon" (compare modern French taux "level, amount, quantity" with an etymological respelling).

Taus gran alcot es y molin rouð faint la?
/toz gran alˈkɔt ɛz i moˈlɪn ruθ fent la/
[toz gʀan ɐˈgɔt ɪz i mʊˈlɪn ʀuh fen la]
rate big how.much be.3s 3s mill wheel make-p.prs there
At what rate does the factory make wheels?

---

excerpt from the introduction of Modern Developments in Benjamine Detaxion [Aromatic Synthesis], a 1942 quire written by alchemist Ferris Bewly through the Conster Health Edifice and intended to provide a reference on the recent synthesis of various new substances and medicines around the world.

…Jawan frankincense.

The first major section of this work will cover those hebetant substances [painkillers] which have come out of workshops globally over the last two decades. The sterling example is undoubtedly cozebdone-diamaschal benjamine (CD) [1], sold under various names and perhaps most familiar to Markland as the coveted 'Tommy pills', is a product of collaboration between the Branwen Sanatory in New Leudong and the University of Rimack in Tavance [2] to find hebetants with faster action and fewer adversions.

Comprising (as the longform name implies) branches of cozebdone oil and maschal [3] in opposed position, the substance was first synthesised in 1932 and has already surpassed salix-derivative pills [4] in annual sales everywhere from Sangathy to Adigh [5]. This is due to the former's greater efficacy in relieving pain, which finds it more widely used than the previous bevy of remedies which may merely help to reduce symptoms of fever.

In sufficiently high concentrations CD has also been demonstrated to function in unguento, although the inefficiency and commodity of this…

---

[1] Here the longform unambiguous name for ibuprofen.
[2] Polities in southeastern Chrysia [Australia] and northwestern Cappatia [South America].
[2] Or as we would call them, isobutane (2-methylpropane) and propionic (propanoic) acid.
[4] For example, aspirin.
[5] Polities in far-inland Mendeva [North America] and the Caucasus.

---

24th Lexember

psolic "deoxygenated"

psolic /psoˈlɪk/ [psʊˈlɪk]
- deoxygenated, of lower oxidation number, containing a smaller proportion of oxygen in its chemical composition;
- pertaining to the process of incomplete combustion, whereby a fuel burns in the presence of insufficient oxygen

Etymology: originally in the latter sense to denote combustion products such as carbon monoxide (in-universe, psolick aphlox), coined by Kievan alchemist Sogut Ranhalov in 1765 and derived from Ancient Greek ψόλος (psólos) "soot, smoke".

Con tersur psolic poð l'yeustanç de vin lejar.
/kɔn tɛrˈsɪr psoˈlɪk pɔθ ljawˈstants de vɪn leˈʒar/
[kɔn tɪːˈsɪː psʊˈlɪk pɔh ljɐwˈstans de vɪn lɪˈʝɑː]
with sulphate deoxygenated can def-fermentation of wine halt-inf
Sulphites can arrest the fermentation of wine.

---

25th Lexember

Merry Christmas!

bos "gun"

bos /bɔz/ [bɔz]
- gun, firearm, a handheld device for projecting a hard object very quickly as a ranged weapon;
- (specifically) rifle, shotgun, musket, a less portable long-barrelled gun and especially in reference to historical firearms;
- (by extension) any handheld device which is activated by a trigger and shoots or sprays objects or substances from a tube

Etymology: clipping of armbos, arm bos "boss weapon", folk-etymological borrowing (after arm "weapon") from Dutch armbósz "gun, (originally) crossbow". This is itself adapated from earlier forms such as arbalst under the influence of arm "arm (limb)", and these forms reflect Medieval Latin arbalista "crossbow".

Jo montau ag tabr e clignau my bos yert a haut.
/ʒo mɔnˈto ɛj ˈta.br̩ e klajˈno mi bɔz jɛrt a hot/
[ʝo mʊnˈto ɛj ˈta.bʀ‿e klɐjˈno mi bɔz ʝɛːt ɐ hot]
1s go.up-pst to.def table and fire-pst 1s.gen gun straight to up
I got up on the table and fired my gun into the air.

[KaiTheHomoSapien]

Three Lihmelinyan i-stem nouns this time:

22nd

éntis - river

gen. nteís

gen. pronunciation: /n̩.'tei̯s/

The main word for "river" in Lihmelinyan (other terms refer to smaller flowing bodies of water and might be translated "brook" or "stream" or "creek"). River names are in the format [éntis] [river name], as in "Éntis Attawárias" (Atavarios River).

I've shared this word before, but I've also gone back-and-forth on the oblique stem because I wasn't sure if I wanted syllabic /n/ in Lihmelinyan. Well, it exists. Only as a result of ablaut, though.

23rd

wélteris - vine, grapevine

gen. ultereís

Doesn't also mean "wine"; that would be áfnas, from a different root (cf. Arc. áthnos). Related to the verb wéltami, I wrap, twist

24th

hreínis - needle (as in a pine needle, but also can mean sewing needle)

/'xrei̯.nis/

gen. hrineís

[Khemehekis]

Shaleyan

DAY 23

kushoy: log

Kushoy pimipimi phoyad nidi.
log all_over phoyad crawl
Phoyads were crawling all over the log.

Phoyads are a six-legged class of small Shaleyan creatures, analogous to insects.

Bonus words: pimipimi: all over
nidi: (A) to crawl, to creep (of a creepy-crawlie); distinguished from wabay: (A) to crawl (on one's hands and knees)
nidash: creepy-crawlie (nidi + -ash, agent noun suffix)

DAY 24

libaw: root (of a plant)
libawekhida: root vegetable (libaw + khida, vegetable)

Bumal hel Shaleyob libawekhida ba phaphesh.
bumal COP Shaleyan root_vegetable of type
The bumal is a type of Shaleyan root vegetable.

[Knox Adjacent]

Day 24
yi-kampalt̪ukaʎ n. common dandelion (taraxacum officinale)
literally "sun-piss", going with progressive dissimilation of /lt̪/
There's apparently a fall dandelion but I'm too lazy to look up the county distribution and not feeling creative enough for the red-seeded dandelion.

[Iyionaku]

Lexember 25 - Yélian

praltiús [pɾɐlˈtɪ̯uːs] - parade
Etymology: from pralet "party" + ius "passage, hike", literally "party hike"

U fasnet, licosaliprésan reyni praltiúsbovás.
[u ˈɸasnət, ˈliːkɔ̈sɐlɨˌpɾeːsɐn ˈɾeʃni pɾɐlˈtɪ̯uːsbɔ̈ˌʋaːʃ]
TEMP carnveal, cart-colorful-PL form-3PL parade-long
At the time of carneval, many colorful carts form a long parade.

[zyma]

Day 25

---

Hannaito (Entry 25):

jërna /zɘrna/ [ˈʑɪ̈ɾ.na]
Noun:
1. star
2. constellation, asterism
3. any heavenly body (especially one visible to the naked eye); star, planet, comet, meteor, shooting star, the sun, the moon, etc.
4. lightning, lightning bolt
5. will-o'-the-wisp, etc.
6. aurora
7. meteorite; something that has (at least seemingly) fallen to the earth from the heavens
8. god, deity (especially one that is strongly associated with and/or a personification of a celestial body or heavenly light)

Alternative forms
jërno
Etymology
From Proto-Hannaitoan *girnaa "star; spark, flash, light".
Some in-universe "linguists" have posited a relationship between the first syllable of jërna and Classical Leran suvi "star, lightning" (< *yhuwi). However, this is essentially just wishful thinking due to the cultural prestige of Classical Leran and its descendants among speakers of Hannaito and other neighboring, unrelated languages. The fact that both words begin with a sibilant fricative is a coincidence.
Usage notes
The traditional religion of the Hannaichë is largely based on the worship of the stars and other celestial bodies. Other practices and beliefs relating to animals, the earth, and the sea seem to have been largely influenced by or adopted from speakers of Shoic languages and other groups living further to the north.

---

Old Visigothic (Entry 25):

usieta /ˈuzˌeːta/ [ˈuzˌeː.tɑ], [ˈuzˌie̯.tɑ]
Noun:
1. manger, trough, feeder
2. (Christianity) the manger that served as a crib for the newborn Jesus Christ
3. (Christianity) nativity scene; any depiction of the nativity of Jesus Christ

Alternative forms
usita, useta
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *uzētô. Compare Biblical Gothic 𐌿𐌶𐌴𐍄𐌰 (uzēta).
Related terms
Related terms include itan "to eat" (< *etaną), afetia "glutton" (compare 𐌰𐍆𐌴𐍄𐌾𐌰 (afētja)), fraitan "to devour, to consume" (< *fraetaną), and atzian "to pasture, to graze, to feed; to give as food" (< *atjaną).
Usage notes
Regarding Sense 3, Wikipedia claims that the earliest known nativity scene was created circa 380 CE, though the first artistic depictions of Christ's birth seem to be even older.

---

Now that we're beginning the 5th & final week of Lexember 2022, I've taken some time to read through and comment on what other participants have posted for Week 4. I won't necessarily comment on every single entry, but hopefully I haven't accidentally missed anyone's work entirely.

Iyionaku:

Spoiler:

Thanks to this, today I learned that "cilantro" and "coriander" are the same plant!

Great, and so today I learned, that "cilantro" exists in English as well! I just knew it as the Spanish word for it.
Thanks once more for your thorough and kind comments!

Oh, of course! I'm glad to have the opportunity to respond to people's work.

According to Wiktionary, cilantro specifically refers to coriander leaves and stems used in cooking. Since it's a Spanish loanword and evidently only used in the US, I assume this is due to the plant's role in some types of Latin American cuisine.

Old Visigothic (Entry 20):
ast /ˈast/ [ˈɑst]
(...)
Alternative forms
asts
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *astaz. Compare Biblical Gothic 𐌰𐍃𐍄𐍃 (asts).

By the way, in case you're not aware of it, the word survives in modern German too, as Ast with the same meaning.

Ah, indeed! I can't claim to have remembered it from my time studying German, but it is listed under "Descendants" on the Wiktionary page for PGmc. *astaz. For the most part, though, I've only been including East Germanic forms in my posts for comparison to save time, since there are so many more North and West Germanic languages.

Thanks for noticing this!

ʻeig [ʔɛɪ̯g] - needle-like leaf of a conifer
ʻeigabár [ʔɛɪ̯gɐˈbaːd̟] - conifer
ʻeigabáró [ʔɛɪ̯gɐbaːˈɾoː] - conifer forest

Etymology I: uncertain; a relation to ʻik "needle" has been postulated but does not match other derivations of Yélian.
Etymology II: ʻeig + abár "tree" or abaró "forest"

abárîya/abáriya [ɐˈbaːɾɨɕɐ] - the sound of silence of a forest; also: targeted, planned relaxing in a forest ("forest bathing")
Etymology: from abár "tree" and rîya "to hear"

baoʻevenal/bauʻevenal [baʊ̯ʔəˈʋeːnɐl] - avalanche
Etymology: baoʻet/bauʻet "tree wall" + venal "breach, rupture, fracture". The Yélians, as a desert-based people, didn't know about snow and avalanches for a long time and believed that they are caused by the breaking of the "tree walls" they've observed in the high mountains.

abariyre [ɐbɐˈɾa̯iːɾə] - lichen; slime fungus
Etymology: from abár "tree" + biyre "vessel, tube"; literally "vessel-like structure around trees")

USAGE NOTES: Yélian doesn't differentiate between these two very different taxons.

prodar [ˈpɾoːdɐd̟] - structure
Etymology: extension in meaning; prodar "cross". Compare loreprodar "infrastructure"

Very interesting!

USAGE NOTES: Both words are understood and used across the whole Yéliosphere, with the former being slightly more common in the South and the latter being more common in the North.

I love the term "Yéliosphere".

yèra [ˈʃɛɾɐ] - to rustle, to whoosh
Etymology: onomatopetic; resembling the sound of wind going through leaves in a forest.

psapsa [ˈpsapsɐ] - to hum
Etymology: onomatopetic.

tyarel [ˈt͡ʃaːɾəl] - bog, moor, marsh
Etymology: new root

I'm quite fond of these words as well.

There are two words for "winter": fros and fròstes. fros is the common word in the Southern Standard, where strong winters are rare; fròstes is only used to describe an extraordinarily strong winter and/or times or places with snowfall. In the Northern Standard, fròstes is the common term without differentiation; the word fros is mostly used to ridicule Southerners (effectively inverting the actual usage in the Southern Standard).

Blidas, re bai Uzadyélianian, cityatayái u fros fecun centimèteri mia o'bela!
look-JUS.1SG, 1SG.REC COP.1SG Shellian_City-inhabitant, NEG-POT-drive-1SG TEMP "winter" with centimeter-ENUM one DEF.GEN=snow
Ooh, look, I'm from Shellian City, I can't drive in this harsh "winter" with one centimeter of snow!

Ah, very fun!

Some bird species for today.

These are all excellent!

arul [ˈaːɾʉl] - jackdaw
Etymology: re-purposed from the old word for "craw". "Craw" and "raven" now translate to the same word in Yélian, deʻay.

Not a big deal, of course, but I assume you mean "crow"?

bendit [ˈbendɨt] - starling
Etymology: ultimately with a meaning of "reflecting the night sky", compare modern Yélian vendo "sky"

berdiu [ˈbeɾdɪ̯ʉ] - swallow
Etymology: ultimately with a meaning of "storm around a temple" (cf. Yélian verdú temple), because of their distinctive flying patterns around big buildings.

These two are probably my favorites in terms of etymology.

catcará [kɐtɐˈɾaː] - woodpecker
Etymology: ultimately onomatopetic.

ʻuʻu [ˈʔuːʔʉ] - cuckoo
Etymology: onomatopoetic.

I quite like how these sound.

mindam [ˈmindɐm] - sparrow
Etymology: new root. The suffix -(g)am appears in a lot of small bird species.

targam [ˈtaɾgɐm] - great tit
Etymology: new root. The suffix -(g)am appears in a lot of small bird species.

vèngam [ˈvɛŋgɐm] - blue tit
Etymology: new root. The suffix -(g)am appears in a lot of small bird species.

I love this -(g)am suffix! It feels very realistic. I know I've seen similar things identified (however tentatively) in natural languages before, though the only specific example I can think of right now is the theory mentioned here regarding why some Semitic words for "dangerous animals" seemingly share a root-final *-b.

Jackk:

Spoiler:

25th Lexember

Merry Christmas!

Merry Christmas!

baugl /bojl/ [ˈbo.jʊ]
- camp, campsite, an outdoor place acting as a temporary accommodation either in tents or entirely outdoors;
- improvisation, kludge, stopgap, patch, a temporary set-up formed by convenience or due to time constraints that one intends to replace with something more permanent

Etymology: from Old Boral bavȝl (probably /bawʎ/) "tent, campsite", cognate with Cambrick pabell "tent" in coming via a Kelt form (the Borland reflex exhibiting characteristic initial voicing) from Latin pāpiliō "butterfly, (later) tent". In the latter sense the word is seen from the sixteenth century, originally with reference to a room's hasty arrangement of appliances/furniture or similar processes that resemble the ad-hoc set-up of a campsite.

Fantastic!

opening of a 1813 letter sent by Dorothe Shock, proprietress of Miszen [1] emporium De Marnoshring, to her mother Johanne in her home village of Siorow. This missive is taken from the collected correspondence kept in trust at the Marnosh Gravatory [archives], the enterprise having grown dramatically from a single shop selling trinkets to a quasipolitic guild [multinational corporation] controlling much of the market for children's toys and various material hobbies.

The first major section of this work will cover those hebetant substances [painkillers] which have come out of workshops globally over the last two decades.

I love "gravatory", "quasipolitic guild", and "hebetant".

alcheðr /alˈke.ðr̩/ [ɐˈgɛ.ðɐ]
- once more, anew, afresh, occurring again after a period of absence or otherwise with a definite break from the past;
- (obsolete) twice, occuring two times

Etymology: Middle Boral extension of now-obsolete eðr "again, twice, repeatedly" after various function words like alcant "once", alcun "none" and alcot "how much". The element alc- descends from Latin determiner aliquī "some, any", while the adverb eðr is either a direct reflection of Latin iterum "again, a second time" or a deverbal of eðrar "to repeat", from related Latin iterō "I repeat, I do again".

Lovely! I don't know if I've noticed anything along the lines of /VlkV/ > [VgV] in Boral before.

ðescar /ðɛˈxar/ [ðɪˈxɑː]
- feed, nourish, to supply with food;
- fuel, kindle, to supply with fuel so as to keep a fire burning or a machine operating;
- stir up, inflame, aggravate, arouse, to exacerbate a (bad) situation

Etymology: from Old Boral ðescar "to feed, fatten up", inherited directly from synonymous Insular Latin adēscō (in more productive use than in Classical Latin). This is a derivative of noun ēsca "food, fodder, bait, fuel", from which we also have modern Boral esc "bait, lure". Extension from food to fuel and then to metaphorical use is attested early, from the twelfth century.

livað /liˈvaθ/ [lɪˈvah]
- weather-beaten, scuffed, having a damaged or discoloured surface due to exposure to the elements;
- weary, frustrated, fed up, having one's reserves of patience or contentment entirely exhausted

Etymology: past participle of livar "tan, darken, make leather from rawhide", itself a verbal derivation from noun lif "tan, oak bark or similar compound using in tanning leather". This reflects either an unattested Latinate derivative of līveō "I am bruised" or a Kelt form cognate with Cambrick łiw "dye, paint".

I really like "to feed; to fuel" > "to aggravate, to exacerbate" and "weathered" > "frustrated". I also love the initial <ð-> in ðescar.

quondar /kwɔnˈdar/ [kwʊnˈdɑː]
- lie in wait, lurk, to hide while waiting to ambush or simply accost someone;
- be on the lookout, keep watch, to remain fully aware of one's surrounding in waiting for something particular to happen;
- lurk, loiter, hang out, to wait around a location without drawing attention to oneself

Etymology: from Old Boral quondar, covondar, acquondar et al. "lie in wait, prepare to ambush", appearing to reflect an unattested Vulgar Latin verb *accupābundō from *accupābundus "lurking, hiding, watching animals". This is a confused form influenced by the verbs aucupor "I catch birds or bees" and occupō "I occupy, seize, anticipate" (compare Cambrick achup "save, rescue").

cingr /ˈtsɪn.gr̩/ [ˈtsɪŋ.gɐ]
- hail, the phenomenon of precipitation in the form of frozen raindrops;
- hailstone, any single particle of this precipitation;
- (by extension) ball bearing, a small metal sphere used in mechanical components or (commonly) any similar-looking ball;

Etymology: from the late Old Boral period originally restricted to naval usage, from Vask chingor "hail, hailstones". In the last sense it is a clipping of cingr acier "steel hailstone", apparently a direct calque from Cambrick deurkeseir "ball bearing".

psolic /psoˈlɪk/ [psʊˈlɪk]
- deoxygenated, of lower oxidation number, containing a smaller proportion of oxygen in its chemical composition;
- pertaining to the process of incomplete combustion, whereby a fuel burns in the presence of insufficient oxygen

Etymology: originally in the latter sense to denote combustion products such as carbon monoxide (in-universe, psolick aphlox), coined by Kievan alchemist Sogut Ranhalov in 1765 and derived from Ancient Greek ψόλος (psólos) "soot, smoke".

I'm quite fond of these words as well!

boðar /boˈðar/ [bʊˈðɑː]
- send a message, get in touch, communicate, to dispatch a communication to somebody;
- signal, transmit, to cause a message to be conveyed by some means;
- (specifically) text, telegram, fax, to send a message in text form via a long-distance network;
- (proscribed) call, ring, telephone, to get in touch with someone by telephone or similar voice-based system

Etymology: from Old Boral, a verbal derivative of bouð (also boðour) "messenger, courier" (modern "signal, message"), which is borrowed from Old English boda "messenger".

Bouð y viker ða i no's ac yent pre haçol.
/buθ i viˈkɛr ða i nɔz ak jɛnt pre haˈtsɔl/
[buh i vɪˈkɛː ða i nɔz ak jɛnt pʀe hɐˈdzɔw]
text def deputy if 3s neg-be here arrive.p.pst before noon
Text the deputy if he's not here by noon.

Very nice! boðar does remind me a bit of "bother", which I suppose is fitting if you think of trying to get in touch with someone as potentially bothering them by interrupting whatever it was that they were doing.

Regarding the example sentence, my guess would be that yent may be related to veniō, but I'm also curious about the etymologies of viker and haçol in particular.

[…] is a product of collaboration between the Branwen Sanatory in New Leudong and the University of Rimack in Tavance [2] to find hebetants with faster action and fewer adversions.

[…] in annual sales everywhere from Sangathy to Adighe [5]. […]
---

[…]
[2] Polities in southeastern Chrysia [Australia] and northwestern Cappatia [South America].
[…]
[5] Polities in far-inland Mendeva [North America] and the Caucasus.

I suppose that "Adighe" in the Caucasus isn't much of a mystery, but if I might ask, are there more specific regions in our world that roughly correspond to New Leudong, Tavance, and Sangathy?

KaiTheHomoSapien:

Spoiler:

I'm sad I haven't participated in Lexember so far There's just too much going on in my life right now--but I have been lurking in this thread since it started.

No worries. That's totally understandable. I'm glad you've been able to join in for even just a few days, though.

ívūr - gen. ívoros - forest (cf. Lih. éwār)

brígā - wood, woodland, copse

tuguénnā - fem. - mole (burrowing mammal)

/tu.xu.'ɛn.naː/

Several Arculese animal names end in -nnā. This ending is unique to Arculese and lacks a Lihmelinyan cognate, but cf. Lih. taúgus - id.

sórinth - neut. - pebble, small stone

gen. sórinthos

/'sɔ.rinθ/

One of a number of neuter nouns referring to natural objects ending in -inth. -nth was a common neuter noun-forming suffix in Arculese, preceded by /i/, /a/, or /e/.

éntis - river

gen. nteís

gen. pronunciation: /n̩.'tei̯s/

The main word for "river" in Lihmelinyan (other terms refer to smaller flowing bodies of water and might be translated "brook" or "stream" or "creek"). River names are in the format [éntis] [river name], as in "Éntis Attawárias" (Atavarios River).

wélteris - vine, grapevine

gen. ultereís

Doesn't also mean "wine"; that would be áfnas, from a different root (cf. Arc. áthnos). Related to the verb wéltami, I wrap, twist

Excellent!

hreínis - needle (as in a pine needle, but also can mean sewing needle)

/'xrei̯.nis/

gen. hrineís

I like how the nuclei of the two syllables appear to "switch" places between the nominative and genitive forms!

qwed117:

Spoiler:

HAP has two ways of making a passive, one which is adversative and the other which is benefactive, which sort of represent how the object was affected by the action. A lot of semantic concepts that in English follow semantic 'ergativity' (eg. "the wall cracked", "I cracked the wall"), in Hlaitype are governed by passivization, with a beneficiary who is marked elsewhere via a manner I have not yet decided.

Ah, I see. Thank you for the clarification!

Now I kinda skipped off on last week, because I was going through some emotions, but I'm back now, with yet more verbs

Understandable. Hopefully you're feeling at least relatively OK now.

pö1-thang2 - to change, to be changed (adversative or benefactive interpretations possible), to be made
phá1 - wall, likely from Lao, due to the stable tone, unlike Thai
jít3-mang2 - to meet, to introduce, to come acquainted with, to know [of a person, closely]
tis4 - peace [state of lacking conflict], harmony
cök3 - to live, to survive (stative type verb)
kir4 - brook, stream
cör3 - leaf (while connected to the tree)

Very nice!

Knox Adjacent:

Spoiler:

It is certainly spoken in Knox Adjacent. Whether loans or Easter eggs is undecided. See also -ŋira time via "era".

Thank you for the explanation!

Day 19
?-ʎaɳa- n. open outdoor space; empty lot; field; pasture; meadow

ti-tapan n. stove

yi-ɻawun n. slippery elm (ulmus rubrus)

-yuɳ- v.t. follow; pursue; chase after; hunt

ɳi-yuɳʈici hunting ground

yi-ʈulimar n. shagbark hickory (carya ovata)

I'm particularly fond of these words.

yi-kampalkukaʎ n. common dandelion (taraxacum officinale)
literally "sun-piss", going with progressive dissimilation of /lt̪/

Interesting etymology!

Day 21
ti-puwawal̪ n. ebony jewel wing (calopteryx maculata)
~ adj. iridescent green

Cool!

DesEsseintes:

Spoiler:

Thank you! I am intrigued too, and I wish I knew what I’m doing.

Ah, that's completely fair! Best of luck.

Titus Flavius:

Spoiler:

cin(tih) [kĩ́ːn(tɪ̥h)] small animal. The /tih/ usually isn't pronounced, so some Abaniscen speakers spell it <cin>.

Interesting!

tilvev [tə́ːʊ̯vev]~[tə́ːɪ̯vev]~[tə́ːlvev] tree branch, also "kind, group, type"

cobor [kóːbɵ̞ɾ] large animal

vilis [və́ːlis] forest

asha [áːʃa] copse, small forest

isbar [íːzbəɾ] river

I'm particularly fond of these words.

Johnathan_4:

Spoiler:

Lexember 16 -19

Holidays

tɐch - thanksgiving holiday
tɐg'g' = Christmas
tɐg = Easter

Custom
tɐɣ = christmas card

Interesting!

Lexember 20 Tɐ́lʒrə̬k word: eənə - tree
Lexember 21: Tɐ́lʒrə̬k word: gonila -river

I like the sound of these!

Man in Space:

Spoiler:

kolgálił /kòlʕálìɬ/ [kòlʕálìɬ] 'directive, writ of command'

mëhtóĝ /mɤ̀htóŋ/ [mɤ̀htóŋ] 'methamphetamine' (unqualified, generally refers to the racemic form thereof)

ásał /ásàɬ/ [ázàɬ] 'table salt'

tokheł /tòkhèɬ/ [tòkhèɬ] 'lily pad'

éntad /éntàθ/ [éndɹàθ] (pl. éntad ar) 'drought, famine'

kardü /kàɹθỳ/ [kàɹðỳ] (pl. aardü /ààɹθỳ/ [ààɹðỳ]) 'weight, stone'

tëd /tɤ̀θ/ [tɤ̀θ] (pl. erud /èɹùθ/ [èɹùθ]) 'noise, sound, signal'

dotła /θòtɬà/ [θòtɬà] (pl. odtiła /òθtìɬà/ [òθtìɮà]) 'cat, feline (general term)'

kódag /kóθàʕ/ [kóðàʕ] (pl. ókdag /ókθàʕ/ [ókθàʕ]) n. 'moment, unit of time'

These are probably my favorite words this time around!

Khemehekis:

Spoiler:

The epenthetic vowels tend to reflect the proximity of a consonant to the back or front of the mouth, plus backward or forward movement. But here is the whole list:

Thanks. You've clearly put a lot of thought into this.

A lepuma (I used this word last Lexember too) is an aquatic Nessie/plesiosaur/Lapras type creature of Shaleya. It has a somewhat vertebrate body plan, with a cartilaginous skeleton.

Ah, I remember that.

oyoz: (T) to affect, to shape, to influence

kayaz: trend

I like these two -VyVz words.

Bonus words: pozos: (T) to split an atom; to divorce; fission; divorce

Phamein is a recreational drug derived from the pham, a Shaleyan plant of the pink plant kingdom (as opposed to the green plant kingdom). It has the hallucinogenic effect of making everything you see look pink.

Very interesting!

ñaloy: fossil

What's the etymology of this word, if I might ask?

belen: emerald
kaben: ruby
powen: sapphire

kushoy: log

libaw: root (of a plant)
libawekhida: root vegetable (libaw + khida, vegetable)

I like these words as well. belen "emerald" reminds me of Spanish Belén.