Lexember 2023

[Khemehekis]

Shaleyan

Day 17

dikhed
(T) to etch; text (written words)

Shumay leña sol nunin dikhed ophud naña mu wapad.
priest say that holy text among write all answer
The priest said that all the answers were written in the holy text.

Bonus word: nunin: holy, sacred

Day 18

uwo
being, entity
uwoboño
noun
uwo + boño, word

Shaleya-ba-heyak ba mazashe okhan shodu das khudashe okhan ña phobay uwoboño.
Shaleya-of-language in agentive verb before but patientive verb after come noun
In Shaleyan, nouns come before agentive verbs but after patientive verbs.

Bonus words: phobay: (P) to come (in sequence)
khudash: patient (of a verb) (khudu, to undergo + -ash, agent noun suffix)
khudashe: patientive (khudash + -e, adjectiving suffix)
mazash: agent (of a verb) (maz, to do + -ash)
mazashe: agentive (mazash + -e)
okhan: verb

Day 19

uwoyeshash
adjective
uwo + yesh, to attach + -ash

Shaleya-ba-heyak ba uwoboño da shodu phobay yeshe uwoyeshash da sod khabak.
Shaleya-of-language in noun 1* before come attributive adjective *1 3p.INANIM modify
In Shaleyan, attributive adjectives come before the noun they modify.

Bonus words: yeshe: attributive (yesh + -e)
wawane uwoyeshash: predicate adjective (wanana, to hang + -e + uwoyeshash)
wawane uwoboño: predicate noun

Day 20

phisudazoy
dialogue
phisud, across + azoy, talk

Howalilen diyaz kidop has yeph pudoy ophud say phisudazoy.
eleventh century straight from that play among come dialogue
The dialogue in that play came straight out of the eleventh century.

Bonus words: kid: direct
kidop (kid + -op, adverbial suffix): directly, straight; right (~ now)
say: (P) to come (I ~ from Kankonia)
pudoy: play (dramatic work)

Day 21

papasis
humor
papas (funny) + -is (suffix to form a noun meaning "something that has a quality", e.g. sidud (difficult) -> sidudis (toughie))

Delob bushu nephu ayamoboye papasis.
Terra-an child enjoy scatological humor
Terran children enjoy toilet humor.

New words: ayamoboy: lower bodily function (ayam, lower body + oboy, body function, bodily function)
ayamoboye: scatological (ayamoboy + -e)

Day 22

loñoy
myth, legend

Daselesob shol Leshelepha azip salina da loñoy da medamekh sil yokhuhiduphani.
Tzełethik have Leshelpha named girl 1* myth *1 pyramid through time-travel
The Tzełethiks had a myth about a young woman named Leshelpha, who time-traveled through a pyramid.

New words: Daselesob: Tzełethik (the old culture on Kankonia that spoke the precursor to the Kankonian language) (Kankonian borrowing adapted into Shaleyan, with the suffix -ob, equivalent to -ese or -ian)
azip: named (postposition) (tweak of azep, name)
medamekh: pyramid (structure)
yokhuhiduphani: (A) to time-travel; time travel (yokh, four + hidu, dimension + phani, to travel; travel)

Day 23

kushem
(T) to admit (to), to confess (to)

Wudiñikopi milad kushem loyas al ba wasamukeñi.
politician never admit will 3s.ANIM of affair
The politician will never admit to his affair.

Bonus words: loyas: (H) to be disposed to, will
wasamukeñi: (T) to cheat (on one's spouse), to cheat on; adultery, affair (wasam, marry, get married; marriage + keñi, to break (transitive))

[Shemtov]

Lexember 23

Yemya
ba /bɑ/ v. “to speak” from PIE *bʰéh₂ti

So by a posteriori historical derivation, you've created Sheep-Human hybrids as your conpeople?

[Khemehekis]

LCV Categories for Week 5:

Place Names, Ethnicities, Nationalities, Languages (Part V)

Spoiler:

U.K., Great Britain; British
England; English
Wales; Welsh
Scotland; Scottish
Ireland; Irish
Germany; German
Switzerland; Swiss
Austria; Austrian
Netherlands; Dutch
Sweden; Swedish
Denmark; Danish
Norway; Norwegian
Finland; Finnish
France; French
Spain; Spanish
Portugal; Portuguese
Italy; Italian
Greece; Greek
Hungary; Hungarian
Poland; Polish
Czech Republic; Czech
Ukraine; Ukrainian
Russia; Russian
Armenia; Armenian
Turkey; Turkish
Israel; Israeli
Jewish, Hebrew, Jew
Arab, Arabic
Palestine; Palestinian
Jordan; Jordanian
Saudi Arabia; Saudi
Iraq; Iraqi
Lebanon; Lebanese
Syria; Syrian
Egypt; Egyptian
Libya; Libyan
Iran; Iranian, Persian, Farsi
Afghanistan; Afghan, Pushto
Pakistan; Pakistani; Urdu
India; Indian, Hindi
China; Chinese
Mandarin
Cantonese
Hong Kong
Taiwan; Taiwanese
Japan; Japanese
Korea; Korean
Vietnam; Vietnamese
Cambodia; Cambodian, Khmer
Laos; Laotian, Lao
Thailand; Thai
Indonesia; Indonesian
Philippines; Filipino, Tagalog
Canada; Canadian
United States, U.S., America; American
Mexico; Mexican
Puerto Rico; Puerto Rican
Cuba; Cuban
Jamaica; Jamaican
Haiti; Haitian
Peru; Peruvian
Ecuador; Ecuadorean
Venezuela; Venezuelan
Argentina; Argentinian
Chile; Chilean
Brazil; Brazilian
Ethiopia; Ethiopian; Amharic
Nigeria; Nigerian
Kenya; Kenyan; Swahili
New Zealand; New Zealander
Australia; Australian
Europe; European
White
Middle East; Middle Eastern
Asia; Asian
Africa; African
Black
North America; North American
American Indian, Native American
Hispanic, Latina, Latino
South America; South American
California
Washington (state)
Arizona
Texas
Illinois
Ohio
Michigan
Florida
Georgia
North Carolina
Virginia
New York
Pennsylvania
New Jersey
Massachusetts
London
Paris
Rome; Roman, Latin
Athens
Tokyo
Los Angeles
Washington (D.C.)
U.S.S.R.; Soviet

Life, Philosophy, Religion (Part IV)

Spoiler:

life (Monica has a busy ~)*
life (experience of living: ~ is beautiful)
life (fact of not being dead)
life (loss of ~)
life (country ~)
life (biography: the ~ of Julius Caesar)
cycle (~ of life)
birth
childhood
growth
development
death
past (of a person’s life)
future (of a person’s life)
mortal
immortal
to live*
to live (continue to live)
to live (spend one’s life a certain way)
to survive (in the wilderness, at sea, etc.)
to survive (the plane crashed and nobody ~ed)
to prosper
fate (what happened to something/someone)
mind (center of thoughts and emotions)*
soul
spirit
spirit (evil ~s)
evil (of a spirit)
good (of a spirit)
belief (conviction)
philosophy
philosophy (outlook on life)
thought (Western ~)
view
to hold (a view)
to devote, to dedicate (life, career)
to devote, to dedicate (to God)
religion (system of belief)
religion (belief in God or gods)
to practice (a religion)
belief (religious)
angel
demon
devil, Satan
ghost
God
goddess
god (male deity)
world (level of existence)
heaven, paradise
hell, inferno
Earth (as opposed to Heaven or Hell)
reincarnation
life (in a past ~, I was an Egyptian scribe)
witch
magic
to appear (of ghost, angel, etc.)
to bless
blessing (from God)
blessing (by priest, rabbi, etc.)
curse
intervention (by God, person)
to haunt (by a ghost)
miracle
to worship (venerate)
to worship (attend church/temple/mosque)
to follow (a religion)
to pray
prayer (count noun: the priest said a ~)
prayer (mass noun: the power of ~)
to meditate
to fast
feast (religious)
ceremony (religious)
festival (on holy day)
to sacrifice (immolate)
sin
holy, sacred
holy, sacred (dedicated to God/a god)
vision (I had a ~)
creation (of the universe)

More Life, Philosophy, Religion (Part V)

Spoiler:

to abandon (one’s principles)
to preach (to a congregation)
to preach (spread a religion)
ritual
spell (state: under the wizard’s ~)
spell (words to a spell)
to cast (a spell)
enchanted
idol (the tribe worshipped ~s)
oracle (place)
shrine
karma
taboo
candle (in church)
coffin
astrology
to convert (intransitive)
to convert (transitive)
orthodox
Christian
Catholic
Protestant
Anglican/Episcopalian
Mormon
Jewish, Jew
Islamic, Muslim
Buddhist
Hindu
Sikh
deist
agnostic
atheist
pagan
cult
vegetarian
vegan
environmentalist, green
feminist
liberal
conservative
radical
reactionary
moderate
libertarian
anarchist
socialist
communist
capitalist
fascist
authoritarian
totalitarian
progressive
democrat
republican
independent
left
right

Thought (Part IV)

Spoiler:

agreement (concurrence)
approval (praise)
approval (Bush’s ~ ratings)
assessment (of value)
assessment (of damage)
assessment (of situation, problem)
assessment (of employees, students)
evaluation
assumption (supposition)
assumption (presupposition)
attention (directing of the mind, as in class)
attention (attention span)
attention (Lydia tapped Jim on the shoulder to get his ~)
attitude
awareness (knowledge: ~ of autism)
awareness (ability to notice: Lucy has no ~ of the danger around her)
blur (in memory)
check, inspection (tire ~)
concentration
concern (it shouldn’t be Jessica’s ~)
consideration (thought)
consideration (factor)
contribution (to discussion, debate)
decision
doubt (lack of certainty)
dream
expectation (hope)
expectation (belief)
experience (knowledge from doing something: job ~)
feeling (I’ve got a ~)
faith, trust
flow (of thought, speech)
goal
guess
guess (a guesstimate)
guess (I'll give you three ~es)
hate
idea (good ~)
idea (I have no ~)
idea (that’s not Ingrid’s ~ of fun)
ignorance (as a general problem)
ignorance (of certain facts)
image (mental picture)
imagination (it’s all in your ~)
impression (make a good ~)
impression (I got the ~ that Sarah liked me)
insight (not much ~)
insight (I just had an ~)
intention
interest (something one is interested in)
interpretation (of words)
interpretation (of literature, song)
interpretation (of law, constitution)
interpretation (of dream)
investigation (an ~ into a phenomenon)
investigation (this phenomenon is under ~)
knowledge
knowledge (learning)
memory (skill at remembering)
memory (remembered incident or sensation)
mind (thoughts)
neglect (of child, pet)
neglect (of duty)
neglect (of work)
neglect (of house)
nightmare
notion (belief)
notion (vague idea)
observation (act of noticing)
objection
opinion
perception (of difference, importance, facts, someone’s character)
personality
perspective (Brandi’s ~ on life)
plan (intention)
preference (greater liking)
preference (preferred thing)
profile
range (of knowledge
range (of interests)
range (of experience)
recognition (of problem, fact)
recognition (of achievement)
regards (give Claire my ~)
research (academic)
resolution (firm decision, of individual)
resolution (firm decision, of committee)
search (for solution)
search (for happiness)
sleep
nap
nap (after lunch)
to wake (someone up)
thought (I had a ~)
understanding (comprehension)
urge (I got the ~ to scream)
urge (sexual ~s)
will
wish
sure, certain
not sure
sure (convinced)
not sure (not convinced)
aware (knowing)
aware (noticing)
reasonable (a ~ request)
right (not mistaken)
wrong (mistaken)
informed (~ citizen)
informed (~ choice, ~ opinion)
sensible (advice)
sensible (decision)
sensible (approach)
sensible (price)
obvious, clear
obvious, clear (danger, target)
clear (intelligible, unambiguous)
vague (idea)
vague (memory)
brilliant (plan)
brilliant (idea)
expert (specialized)
expert (skilled)
expert (~ advice, ~ help)
expert (~ analysis)
expert (~ opinion)
stimulating (mentally ~)
stimulating (conversation)
stimulating (atmosphere, environment)
familiar (I’m not ~ with it)
basic (technology)
advanced (technology)
to challenge (the course didn’t ~ Andy enough)
to distract (a person)
to distract (attention)
to erase (a memory)

Thinking Verbs (Part IV)

Spoiler:

to think (cogitate)*
to think (to oneself)
to think about (reflect: I’ll give Austin a day to ~ it)
to figure, to suppose
to guess, to suppose (I ~)
to assume
to think (hold an opinion)
to think (I ~ I’ll get a hamburger)
to believe, to think
to think (yĭwéi – recently corrected misconception: Sorry, I thought you said ‘mm-hmm’)
to take, to adopt (a position)
to think of (name every classmate you can ~)
to think of (Andrea always thinks of others)
to think of (have in mind: I was thinking of Jill, not Jessica)
to think of (to take into account: ~ all the starving children in Africa)
to believe in (God)
to believe in (ghosts, etc.)
to view, to perceive (in a certain way)
to consider (I ~ him stupid)
to consider, to regard (~ed innocent until proven guilty)
to consider, to think about
to take into consideration
to identify with
to find (I ~ it offensive)
to change one’s mind
to agree (one person)
to disagree (one person)
to agree (multiple people)
to disagree (multiple people)
to share (an opinion)
to agree (we ~d to take the bus)
to accept (behavior or conditions)
to accept (an offer)
to reject
to stand, to bear, to put up with, to tolerate
to resist (temptation)
to support
to oppose
to have a problem with
to wonder [if/when/how/what/why . . .]
to decide, to make up one’s mind
to decide to
to expect (anticipate)
to expect (wait for arrival of: Joan is ~ing a package)
to expect (~ perfect grades)
to mind, to object
to trust (have faith in)
to trust (place confidence in: Barry can’t be ~ed)
to rely on, to count on (I know I can ~ you)
to rely on, to depend on (Jeff relies on his parents for money)
to doubt
to question (don’t ~ authority)
to question (facts, findings)
to challenge (question)
to dismiss (a thought, a theory)
to dismiss (a proposal, a suggestion)
to dismiss (a threat, a danger)
to know (information)*
to know (a person)*
to know (I ~ her from the photo)
to know (Frank isn’t ~n for his intelligence)
to know (a language)
to know (a place)
not to know what to do
to get to know
to know (realize: that’s a lie and you ~ it!)
to have heard of
to hear about
to hear about (receive news)
to recognize (be able to identify)
to recognize (~ symptoms)
to recognize, to acknowledge
to tell apart
to tell (distinguish)
to tell (how can you ~ she’s French?)
to understand, to see
to get (the impression that . . .)
to interpret, to take (construe)
to guess (estimate)
to guess (conjecture)
to guess (surmise correctly: how did you ~?)
to imagine (form mental images)
to think (imagine: just ~ what you could do with a million dollars!)
to dream (have an oneiric experience)
to dream, to aspire
to forgive
to learn (through study)
to learn (acquire a skill, such as riding a bicycle)
to learn (find out: today I ~ed that . . .)
to absorb (information, knowledge)
to find out, to discover
to find out (learn truth: Jayden smoked weed and his parents found out)
to encounter, to come across
to encounter (~ difficulty)
to discover (a dead body)
to discover (place, species, element)
to discover (fact, the truth)
to see (~ how it tastes)
to realize (be aware of)
to realize (mentally grasp)
to resolve, to decide (make a firm decision)
to remember, to recall (be able to pull up: I can’t ~ her name)
to remember (have in one’s memory: I ~ the time when I was 7 . . .)
to remember (doing something: I ~ seeing Tiffany before)
to remember (to do something: I ~ed to lock the door)
to remember (make a point of remembering: ~ this tip)
to forget (be unable to pull up)
to forget (to do something)
to be sure to (~ turn the lights off)
to concentrate (I can’t ~)
to concentrate (Vanessa is ~ing on her education)
to focus
to figure out
to conclude (deduce)
to solve
to resolve (crisis)
to overcome, to conquer (a fear)
to overcome, to conquer (temptation)
to prepare (get ready psychologically)
to plan to
to mean to, to intend
to check (examine for accuracy)
to check (verify)
to make sure
to calculate (with exact methodology)
to calculate (estimate)
to construct (a theory, an argument)
to examine (an issue, evidence)
to expand (knowledge)
to ignore (a person or group of people)
to ignore (warnings, advice)
to listen to (take X’s words to heart)
to research (for science)
to research (of a journalist)
to research (one's family history)
to search for, to seek (a solution)
to search for, to seek (happiness)
to seek (friendship)
to seek (advice, help)
to choose (to do something)
to study (Prof. O’Brien ~ed the tribe in Indonesia)
to assess (student, work)
to assess, to evaluate (cost)
to assess (damage)
to assess (problem, situation)
to assess (abilities)
to evaluate
to evaluate (results)
to evaluate (evidence)
to evaluate, to assess (person)
to confuse, to mix up (Charlie still ~es Austria with Australia)
to neglect (a child, pet)
to neglect (one’s duty)
to neglect (work)
to neglect (a house)
to keep track (of) (movements, developments)
to lose track (of) (movements, developments)
to be absorbed in (Natalie is absorbed in her music)
to be stuck (Ken is stuck on this math problem)
to project (extrapolate)
to project (extrapolate profit/expenses/number)

Musical Instruments (Part IV)

Spoiler:

instrument
bass
guitar (acoustic)
guitar (electric)
keyboard
piano
whistle
whistle (of cop, referee)
bell (large, such as a church bell)
bell (small, as at a desk or a game show)
drum
drums (for rock music)

And now, a bunch of categories filled with culture-specific words, all from Part V:


More Entertainment

Spoiler:

to entertain (amuse)
board game
chess
archery
baseball
basketball
bowling
boxing
football (American)
golf
gymnastics
hockey
lacrosse
rugby
soccer
swimming
tennis
volleyball
wrestling
Olympics
BMX
to row (as a sport)
to jog
to train (Tom ~s to be a great basketball player)
to train (~ Chloe to be a great soccer player)
session (of training)
promotion (of athlete)
karate
aerobics
yoga
hike
field (football ~)
dart
target
arrow (for archery)
blindfold
inline skates
skate (roller skate)
skate (ice skate)
snowboard
surfboard
ski
scuba
kite
trampoline
dice
to roll (dice)
construction paper
puppet (glove)
puppet (sock)
puppet (marionette)
action figure
karaoke
fireworks (firecrackers)
fireworks, a fireworks display
sightseeing
to see (when sightseeing)
gardening (flowers)
gardening (vegetables)
lottery
ticket (for lottery)
to win (lottery)
prize (in a lottery)
entry (in contest)
to host (a party)
to host (another event)
lead (Jamila has the ~ in the race)
lead (Greg has a ~ of 3 ft.)
trophy
genre
action (~ and adventure)
anime
cartoon (animated)
documentary
drama
fantasy
historical
horror
mystery
reality show
romance (movie)
science fiction
soap opera
talent show
talk show
plot (of a story)
setting
heroine (of book, comic book)
hero (of book, comic book)
villain (of book, comic book)
heroine (of play)
hero (of play)
villain (of play)
heroine (of movie)
hero (of movie)
villain (of movie)
audition (for movie actor)
audition (for theatrical actor)
audition (for singer)
audition (for dancer)
audition (for instrumentalist)
to audition (movie actor)
to audition (theatrical actor)
to audition (singer)
to audition (dancer)
to audition (instrumentalist)
competitive (sport)

More Time

Spoiler:

January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
Sunday
to rise (of the sun)
to set (of the sun)
sunset
up (the sun is ~)
down (the sun is ~)
duration
duration (of a film)
New Year’s Day
Passover
Easter
Christmas
Chanukkah
hourglass

More Weights and Measures

Spoiler:

inch
foot
yard
mile
millimeter
centimeter
meter
kilometer
ounce
pound
ton
milligram
gram
kilogram
tonne
gallon
liter
tablespoon
teaspoon
calorie

More Substances

Spoiler:

canvas (fabric)
cardboard
cashmere
corduroy
denim
felt
nylon
polyester
suede
velvet
vinyl

More Food and Drink

Spoiler:

soy
dairy
yogurt
smoothie
cottage cheese
whey
tapioca
seafood
fish stick
filet
shellfish (invertebrate seafood, collectively)
shellfish (a mollusc)
shellfish (a crustacean)
poultry
nugget
breast
thigh
drumstick
wing
turkey
duck
steak
roast beef
meatloaf
jerky
tripe
bacon (smoked)
bacon (salted)
rib
meatball
bologna
liver
omelette
carbohydrate
granola
graham cracker
toast
gingerbread
pita
bran
pancake
waffle
roll
scone
muffin
crouton
cornbread
oatmeal (porridge)
oatmeal (~ cookie)
crust (of pastry, quiche)
raisin
fruit salad
rind (of fruit)
pickle
sweets
ice
popsicle
shaved ice
frozen yogurt
soft serve
brittle
butterscotch
candy bar
caramel (candy)
cotton candy
licorice/liquorice
marshmallow
peppermint
spice drop
taffy
mint (chocolate)
mint (pastel)
spearmint
pastry (dough)
pastry (tart)
doughnut (with hole)
doughnut (without hole)
wafer
cupcake
cheesecake
turnover
pop tart, toaster pastry
brownie
custard
pudding
gelatin
fast food
French fries
hash browns
hamburger (ground beef patty)
hamburger (as sandwich)
cheeseburger
hot dog
bun
onion ring
snack (snack food)
chip (potato or corn)
pretzel
popcorn
trail mix
submarine sandwich
wrap
casserole
dumpling
stew
broth (stock)
coleslaw
potato salad
egg salad
tortilla
burrito
enchilada
fajita
quesadilla
taco
tamale
chili
nachos
quiche
biscotti
pizza
pasta
fettuccine
lasagna
macaroni
penne
ravioli
spaghetti
tortellini
bagel
baklava
kebab
cous-cous
curry
chow mein
egg roll, spring roll
pot sticker
ramen
sushi
teriyaki
tofu
condiment
apple sauce
cinnamon
creamer
dip
dressing
frosting, icing
gravy
hummus
ketchup
liverwurst
margarine
mayonnaise
peanut butter
relish
sour cream
syrup
vinegar
vanilla
starch
mineral water
coconut milk
cappuccino
espresso
latte
mocha
iced coffee
decaf
iced tea
herbal (chamomile, etc.)
herbal (blackcurrant, etc.)
hot chocolate
lemonade (still)
lemonade (fizzy)
punch
cider (non-alcoholic)
cooler
root beer
ginger ale
ale
mead
brandy
cider (alcoholic)
liquor
sake
vodka
whiskey
gin
rum
cocktail
tequila
energy drink
cat food
dog food
birdseed
shopping cart
shelf (at store)
bakery (section in grocery store)
check-out
check-out lane
TV dinner
bar (with bins of food)
appetizer (solid food)
appetizer (drink)
order (from a menu: may I take your ~?)

More Drugs

Spoiler:

caffeine
ashtray
lighter
e-cigarette
LSD
psilocybin
peyote
meth
Ecstasy
heroin
opium
morphine
cocaine
crack
steroid

More Places

Spoiler:

amusement park
animal shelter
aquarium
arena (for music)
arena (for wrestling/sporting event)
botanical garden
cemetery
chapel
convent
cottage (country)
cottage (thatched)
cottage (vacation home)
DMV
dump
embassy
fire department
fort (in military context)
fort (in archaeological context)
greenhouse
homeless shelter
lighthouse
lock (for canal)
mansion
marina
mill
monastery
national park
police department
resort
ski resort
retirement home
service station (for gas)
service station (for repairs)
skatepark
sphinx
stadium
warehouse
workshop (small)
workshop (large)
ruins

More Establishments

Spoiler:

establishment (place of business)
arcade (for video games)
bistro
cake shop
candy store
cannabis club
club
coffeeshop
convenience store
dealership
deli
doughnut shop
dry-cleaner
flea market
hairdresser’s, barbershop
hardware store
jeweler’s
liquor barn
nightclub
pet shop
retail store
spa
tattoo parlor
thrift shop

More Music

Spoiler:

piece
hit
due (of new album)
solo (noun – of vocalist)
solo (noun – of instrumentalist)
solo (adjective: ~ artist)
position (of arms or feet when dancing or playing an instrument)
bar
note
chord
time
harmony
music (written)
artist
melody, tune
lyrics
beat
verse
chorus (as opposed to verse)
to write (a song)
track (recording)
symphony
orchestra
section (of orchestra)
to conduct
musical (musical play, on stage)
musical (musical play, as a movie)
opera (as genre: an ~ singer)
classical
pop
K-pop
rock
classic rock
alternative
grunge
punk
emo
indie
new-wave
heavy metal
ska
reggae
techno
house
trance
hip-hop
R & B
folk
new age
gospel
blues
jazz
swing

More Musical Instruments

Spoiler:

string
accordion
cello
harp
organ
violin
flute
harmonica
recorder
saxophone
French horn
trombone
trumpet
tuba
cymbal
xylophone
Jew’s harp
synthesizer
turntable
vocals
to beatbox

More Clothing

Spoiler:

baggy
tight
permanent (hair dye, etc.)
removable
used (clothes)
blouse
crop-top
halter top
Hawaiian shirt
jersey
polo shirt
rugby shirt
tank top
T-shirt
tube top
tunic
turtleneck
bathrobe
gown (for wedding)
gown (for graduation)
gown (judge’s)
gown (in hospital)
maternity dress
robe, (dressing) gown
sari
toga
blazer
jean jacket
lab coat
life jacket
parka, anorak
poncho
raincoat
trenchcoat
tuxedo
vest
windbreaker
sweatshirt
hoodie
cape
cloak
drape
jumper
jumpsuit
overalls
bell-bottoms
board shorts
capris
cargo pants
cargo shorts
corduroys
jeans
khakis
sweat pants
leggings
pantyhose
tights
miniskirt
stocking
flip-flop
high heels
loafer
platform shoe
slipper
tennis shoes
baseball cap
beret
cowboy hat
fedora
knit cap
sombrero
visor
helmet
bow (for hair)
hairnet
turban
apron
bow tie
shawl
bandanna
headband
headscarf
ski mask
veil
loincloth
sarong
athletic supporter, jockstrap (elastic band)
athletic supporter (robust)
elbow pads
knee pads
bathing suit (women’s)
bathing suit (men’s)
bikini
boxer shorts
bra
briefs
camisole
nightgown
pajamsa
panties
trunks
underwear
coveralls
leotard
scrubs
tracksuit
badge, insignia
badge (made of metal or plastic)
badge (police)
nametag
label, tag (on clothing)
bead (for jewelry)
bead (on rosary)
buckle
button (with a political message)
buttonhole
collar (of shirt)
collar (of coat)
cuff (of shirt)
feather boa
handkerchief
lace (cloth)
lace (edging)
sash (around waist)
sash (over shoulder)
shoelace
sleeve
strap (spaghetti ~)
suspenders
waistband
zipper
barrette
bobby pin
ponytail holder

[Pabappa]

Play

vap, a political party
mi ~ miva / punu, a nation
yafu, an army
matu, a corporation.

These are the basic four building blocks used in many words for political entities. They are seen as a set, in which each can contain any of the others, so the words compound freely. For example, a vapiyafumatu refers to a party's nation's army's corporation, and matuyafupunuvap is a corporation's army's nation's party.

The word for nation is cognate to the word for party, and therefore is variable; the /va/ part is never repeated within a compound. Thus vap + mi = vapi "party's nation", never *vapiva. (The /pm/ > /p/ rule is regular.) The sequence /miva/ is also avoided when not meaning a nation, therefore one says punuvap "nation's party", never *mivap or *mivavap. In other situations the miva form is used.

The etymologies of these words are respectively
vap, from MRCA gi lom, "land, country, nation", with an inflection -p meaning "self", implying self-government. The evolution towards the sense of a political party is due to the long dominance of single-party states. The word for nation, miva, is from MRCA mi lom, a close cognate of the above, but which evolved less in sense. The dropping of /-va/ from the word in some constructions is due to the Play speakers' knowledge that the two words are related.
punu, a compound formed relatively late, from Gold gʷù nù, for which I dont have an MRCA etymology yet (it could be simply gu nu, or it could equally well be something more elaborate with dropped vowels and consonants).
yafu, from MRCA ye hup, a cooperative effort, but treated as if from MRCA ya aha gu, of which the first two words mean "war" and thus helped this word gain its military associations.
matu, simply from MRCA matu (though I dont have a defined meaning for it yet).

These words are not ordinarily used in standalone form, only in compounds and proper names. Thus, instead of saying yafu for army, a speaker is more likely to refer to a nation's army (mivayafu), a political party's army (vapiafu), or a corporation's army (matuyafu), all of which are concepts familiar to adult Play speakers.

[Iyionaku]

Lexember 24 - Yélian

vetplata [vəˈplaːtɐ] - to neglect (a person), to disregard so.'s duty of care
Etymology: vet "dirty" + plata "to care (for)"

fedenia [ɸəˈdeːnɪ̯ɐ] - to neglect (thing, plan), to delay, to put off, to procrastinate
Etymology: fe- "distant" + denia "to plan", as in "to plan something but for a long distant time"

Siy parcas yianralitas a'mapeli téviter quadvetplatvit to avárani náfia. Pured yifedenái æ'denial, èpa nat yirirai citeʻa ciyiutpilatbet met an'avárviauatsan.
[sa̯iː ˈpaɾkɐʃ ɕɪ̯ɐnɾɐˈtiːtɐʃ ɐmɐˈpeːlɨ ˈteːʋɨtəd̟ kɐdveˈplatvɨt to ɐˈʋaːɾɐni ˈnaːɸɪɐ̯. ˈpuːɾed̟ ɕɨɸədəˈnaɪ̯ əˈdeːnɪ̯ɐl ˈɛpɐ nɐt ɕɨˈɾiːɾaɪ̯ kɨˈteːʔɐ kɨɕɪ̯ʉˈpiːlɐbət met ɐnɐˈʋarvɪ̯aʊ.ɐt͡sɐn]
before moon PST-NEC-visit-JUS.1SG DEF.ANIM=family REL.ANIM.3SG.MASC allegedly-neglect-COND.3SG.ANIM 3SG.MASC.POSS cat-PL-ENUM nine | however PST-neglect-1SG DEF.CONC=planning, and when PST-ring-1SG nobody NEG-PST-at_home_COP.3SG.PST except DEF.ANIM=cat-PL-meow-ADZ-PL
Yesterday I had to visit the family that allegedly neglects their nine cats. But I neglected the planning, and when I rang at the door nobody was home - except the meowing cats.

[Knox Adjacent]

Day 23
-miɳʈam- v.i. admit (concede as true); own up; confess

[qwed117]

Got sick and now need to do more catch-up

Lexember 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 22

tér3 prep according to, as stated by
ti'1chang2 v to point to, to indicate
guò3 cnj or
bik3 adj hard
sül1 adj soft
bik3 lük1jè2 n phrase consonant
sül1 lük1jè2 n phrase vowel

[zyma]

Day 24

---

Hannaito (Entry 24):

yuusa /juusa/ [ˈjuː.sa]
Noun:
1. soul, spirit
2. ghost, specter, phantom, apparition
3. self, ego
4. identity, sense of self
5. personality, character, demeanor, disposition
6. personhood
7. being, existence, life force
8. individuality, uniqueness
9. charm, charisma, attractiveness, selling point
10. theme, motif, pattern, recurring element
11. focus, point, emphasis

Etymology
From Proto-Hannaitoan *yuñsa "soul, mind". Cognates include Gampyo sūha "self, identity, personality" and Fiigarazg yoks "ghost, phantom".

---

Now that we're beginning Week 5 of Lexember, I've taken some time to read through and comment on what other participants have posted so far for Week 4. I won't necessarily comment on every single entry, but hopefully I haven't accidentally missed anyone's work entirely. Following qwed117's example from three years ago, I'm going to try to do this after every week.

Iyionaku:

Spoiler:

Iyionaku:

Thank you again for all your kind words!

prodaureal [ˈpɾoːdaʊ̯ˈɾeː.ɐl] - interview
prodaurea [ˈpɾoːdaʊ̯ˈɾeː.ɐ] - to interview so.

Etymology: from prodar "cross" + tureal "conversation, discussion", literally "cross-talk"

I like this a lot, especially in comparison to what "cross-talk" can mean in English.

ulalá [ʉlɐˈlaː] - woah / wicked / spicy / wow / oh my (generic exclamation of surprise, very colloquial)
Etymology: from French oh là là.

Fun!

tendprodar [tənˈdɾoːdɐd̟] - tabloid
Etymology: from tenda "to print" + prodar "pistol; small gun"; due to the idea that tabloids "fire" news faster than other newspapers and with less regard to accuracy.

This is excellent.

Candreyauni fúria otéi tyafirtreyein æ'turasé sanim o'blidunaun o'PowerPoint, èpa tatganan: Tòimomeravat renim nespatmalfo SIY YÉLIUN can tyaselein valitbicaunòpiganan!
[kɐndˈɾeːʃaʊ̯nɨ ˈɸuːɾɪ̯ɐ ɔ̈ˈtɛɪ̯ t͡ʃɐɸɨɾtˈɾeːʃɛɪ̯n ətʉɾɐˈseː ˈsaːnɨm ɔ̈blɨˈduːnaʊ̯n ɔ̈ˈpaʊ̯əɾpɔʊ̯nt, ˈɛpɐ tɐˈgaːnɐn | ˌtɔʊ̯mɔ̈ˈmeːɾɐʋɐt ˈɾeːnɨm ˌnespɐtˈmalo sa̯iː ˈʃeːlɨ̯ʉn kan t͡ʃɐˈseːlɛɪ̯n ˌvaːlɨˈbiːkaʊ̯ˌnɔ̈pɨˌxaːnɐn]
tip-PL-ENUM ten how POT-improve-2PL DEF.CONC=impact 2PL.POSS DEF.GEN=presentation-PL DEF.GEN=PROP, and thing-many.COMP-PL | subscribe-JUS.2PL 1PLEX.POSS newsletter before moon for POT-receive-2PL recommendation-PL-awesome-many.COMP-PL
Ten tips how to improve the impact of your PowerPoint presentations and more: Subscribe to our newsletter TODAY to get more awesome recommendations!

dasaumapeli [ˈdaːsaʊ̯mɐˌpeːlɨ] - royal family
Etymology: from dasau "the people" + mapeli "family", literally "the family of the people"
USAGE NOTES: The term has become the de-facto standard in official statements to emphasize that the Yélian royal family serves its people. Colloquially, the term mapelibravil (literally "royal family") is also used.

télervalnel [ˈteːləɾvɐlˌnel] - emergency call, emergency callphone, emergency call number
emergéncia [ˌeːməɾˈgenkɪ̯ɐ] - emergency callphone [only Southern Standard]

Etymology I: télerval "call" + nel "red", literally "red call/red line"
Etymology II: A loan.

USAGE NOTES: In the Kingdom of Shelliania (which administers the Southern Standard), both words are usually put in close juxtaposition. The latter was introduced about fifty years ago so international tourists can understand this vital piece of information as well. This uncommon practice (the Provinces in the North just added the English word Emergency) comes from a general language purism in the South, and even nowadays, the standard language in the South is almost devoid of European loanwords whereas the North is full of it. For example, the word for "fox" is abarociys in the South, but focs in the North. Emergéncia was a rare instance of actually taking a loan word, but only because it was deemed so important and potentially life-saving.

Very interesting cultural notes! I have some questions that I'm pretty sure I've asked before, so I'll have to search the board to see if I can find the answers.

Marnabit: U'télervalnel væ Braveyélian but 3-7-7. Otéi a'macmi yenet? TI-GÈ-GÈ!
[ˈmaɾnɐbɨt | ʉˈteːləɾvɐlˌnel və ˈbraːʋəˌʃeːlɪ̯ɐn bʉt ˈtiː xɛt xɛt ɔ̈ˈtɛɪ̯ ɐˈmakmɨ ˈʃaːnət? ˈtixɛxɛ]
reminder-important | DEF.INAN=emergency_call_number in kingdom-Yélian COP.3SG.INAN three-seven-seven | how DEF.ANIM=horse laugh-3SG? onomatopoetic
Reminder: The emergency call number in the Kingdom of Shelliania is one-seven-seven. How does the horse laugh? Ti-ge-ge!*

* This mnemo is rather hard to translate into English, but the emergency number was specifically taken to be easily memorizable even for smaller children - the numbers 3 and 7 are the only numerals which only consist of one syllable (ti and gèt) and are on opposite sides of the phone keyboard, similar to the American 9-1-1. The sound of a horse is written as igegege in Yélian... you get the idea.

Delightful!

Bonus word:

Yemya

Yinše
sææ’æ /sæːʔæ/ v.itr. “to whisper”

Another good one!
sæʻa [ˈsœːʔɐ] - to whisper

zentas [ˈcentɐʃ] - italics [Southern Standard]
tièntas [ˈtɪ̯ɛntɐs] - italics [Northern Standard]
Etymology: from zenta/tìènta "to swing"
USAGE NOTES: Although there is no Z in the Northern Yélian alphabet, the symbol in text processing programs is still Z in both areas.

[…]

In total, the top formatting line in Yélian text programs look like this:

ʻA Z U I

Cool!

alégrisa [ɐˈlegɾiːsɐ] - to guess correctly, to succeed in guessing, to judge correctly
Etymology: from alé "right" + grisa "to guess"

ʻaiet [ˈʔaːɪ̯ət] - bold
Etymology: semantic extension: ʻaiet also means "wide, broad, extensive, large"

iubekiéʻats/iubeciéʻats [ˌɪ̯uːbəˈkɪ̯eːʔɐt͡s] - strikethrough
Etymology: iu "through" + bekié/becié "line" + verbalizer ʻa + adjectivizer -ts

vatòinu [vɐˈtɔʊ̯nʉ] - font
Etymology: semantic extension: So far, vatòinu only meant "form"

agirat [ɐˈxiːɾɐt] - verb
Etymology: from agira "to act, to make happen" + nominalizer -at

I quite like how all of these words look and sound as well.

adiectivat [ˌaːdɪ̯əˈtiːʋɐt] - adjective
Etymology: from adjective; as the POS of adjectives is not known in the Yélian language, they loaned this word to describe them in other languages.

Oh, neat! That makes sense.

Pabappa:

Spoiler:

The name of any language in Play can be formed by suffixing a noun with the speech noun classifier suffix -be. Thus the name of the Play language can be Patabe, as the primary Play word for play is pata. This follows a cultural tradition of naming languages after political parties rather than tribal names; this means, however, that the name of a language often frequently changes. In legal documents, therefore, it was always more common to see the expression šūipubupe, "the language we speak", from the Play word šeube "language", the verb bu "speak", and the required inflections.

šeube is from MRCA hindu li and bu is from MRCA gihu; both of these morphemes appear in other words relating to the throat and mouth. Neither the lips nor the tongue provided a metonymical word for language in Play.

Excellent!

First, a note on phonetics ... Play, like many other languages in its family, features bilabial consonants as the most frequent by far in its small inventory. And unlike some other related languages, there are no significant sound changes involving dissimilation by place of articulation. Thus, compounding is free and words like this do not change to forms such as *batapupe.

Oh, neat!

bapapupa a treaty, a document of alliance. This refers to a tangible object; if the agreement is verbal it is a bapapupe.

[…]

The semantic scope of this word is very different from the English. First, there is no word for "agree" such as beu in this compound. A bapapupa treaty can be imposed by a single party rather than requiring consent. Also, there is no word for "peace" (a concept I find difficult to translate), so a bapapupa can begin a war as well as ending one. Thirdly, it's not restricted to the military ... corporations and schools can sign bapapupa documents agreeing to cooperate with each other, either against a common enemy in the market, or to achieve a local monopoly. Lastly, there is no word indicating a group movement .... even two people can sign a bapapupa with each other, though formalizing it is uncommon as courts in most nations relinquish the authority to enforce contracts between private parties ... when agreements like this do happen, it is generally between two leaders who are each in charge of a large number of other people.

The Play word bapa means to protect, with the implication that one is obliged to do so. The unrelated Play word šapa means to love and care for someone, even if that person is more powerful. A šapapupa may be signed by a person on the receiving end of a bapapupa, meaning that they will do favors for the stronger party in return for the protection they get from outside enemies. Thus, the Play word for a surrender treaty would often be šapapupa. But this is not limited to such asymmetrical situations, as one may love and care for someone freely, without coercion, and yet still desire to write a legally enforceable contract to assure the receiving party that the carer's love is genuine.

Whoa!

there was a power outage and im still getting things back together. all i have for today is Play vipabe "sentence", as in grammar, from MRCA li hipa plus a classifier suffix.

žeube "to sing", from an MRCA word guli that also provides words for other things such as stripes and facial features.

Still working on other things but the power outage really disrupted my schedule.

I'm sorry to hear about the power outage. I know how disruptive that can be. I hope you're able to get caught up and back on schedule as quickly and easily as possible, all things considered.

Anyway, I really like the word žeube in particular.

ŋaupe to vote (in an election), to turn one's opinion into an action.

[…]

Some more elaborate phrases built on this include

vaptai ŋauppāsi a party that is democratic (party members can vote for its leaders)
vaptai ŋauppāsipa a party that supports democracy (for everyone)
miva ŋaupupipāsi a nation in which voting is done through the census (you choose your party and hope that the party leaders will represent you; representatives are apportioned according to the total population of each party, including children, since party membership is assumed hereditary until the child graduates school)
miva ŋaupufūpepāsi a nation in which voting is done at election time, people can vote outside their party, and suffrage is restricted to adults (like all or nearly all democracies on Earth)
žisumaap ŋaupe to vote for a representative
tauŋaupe to vote directly (e.g. in a party in which all members can vote in internal elections)

Very interesting!

MRCA ndəha "to change someone's opinion; to persuade". This would lead to a theoretical Play descendant morpheme tase, but Im not willing to extrapolate the meaning 4,500 years with no change, so for the time being, this word exists only in the MRCA. I'm working with it, though, and it could end up being split into ndə ha since I have a phrase ndəna ŋu ha that evolves into a word for industry or coordinated efforts.

edit: I've also pinned down the etymology for the unrelated Play word tusu "opinion made law" to MRCA utu mfum, and this is likely to provide me a Play word for persuasion to replace the MRCA word highlighted above, which will shift entirely to a different meaning.

I like the look and sound of ndəha!

VaptuantaDoi:

Spoiler:

Fantastic! Your pronunciation notes here have made me think of words like forecastle.

That's exactly what I was going for! Actually what I was thinking was "rabbet" vs. "rebate", but on closer inspection those are actually false cognates, so your example is better.

Sorry if you've addressed this somewhere already, but what's the etymology of the partitive suffix? It reminds me of words like this in Old French.

It is indeed cognate. My justification for the systematic retention thereof in Vissard is that a) it occurs in some (semi-)learnèd words in Gallo-Romance anyway, b) Vissard is a peripheral romlang so it's weird, and c) the endings generally have enough meat on them to not be completely eroded like most of the other endings. Most masculine words take -our, most feminine words -ar, and then some other words have irregular disphixal forms like pache, pais, pa /pat͡ʃ peː pa/ "peace obl.sg./nom.sg./part.", or other alternations like IŪDICEM, IŪDEX, IŪDICUM → jucho, jois, juco /d͡ʒyt͡ʃ d͡ʒwiː d͡ʒyk/ (cf. Old Spanish Fuero Juzgo for the latter). Old Vissard also had the occasional semi-learned -if form from influence of the dative/ablative like COMITEM, COMES, COMITIBUS → komto, koms, komtif /ˈkɔ̃mptə ˈkɔ̃mps kɔ̃mpˈtif/ which survived lexicalised in some isolated words probably.

That makes sense to me. This is all excellent.

9ᵐᵒ Dek. moune (Standard) /ˈmun/, (SCV) /ˈmũn/, (Southey) /ˈmon/ feminine noun pl. mounes, part. mounar The moon. Etymology: Old Vissard, borrowed from Old English mōna.

Do any reflexes of LŪNAM survive in Vissard?

Not directly, but here's one I just came up with:

LŪNĀTICUM → lunajo /lyˈnat͡ʃ/ "sleep-walking" (cognate to lunatic, but also cf. Romanian lunatic "sleep-walker").

Oh, lovely!

lurker:

Spoiler:

Newman's Dale, the tropical river basin that the yinrih originate from. It is considered the holiest place in the Bright Way, and its former seat of power before the ouster of the clergy from power and exile to Hearthside. "Newman" hear refers to newly sapient yinrih.

Externally, a calque of German "Neandertal", with "Neander" being the name of a Calvinist hymn writer, itself an ancient Greek calque of the German surname "Neumann" or "newman".

Wow, very creative!

1. A melee weapon in the form of a spiked ring or tube held in or slipped over the tail
2. A thagomizer

Fantastic!

This is the seasonal greeting during the feast of the winter solstice. The phrase has strong religious associations within yinrih society. It's best not to say "happy holidays" to a wayfarer (follower of the Bright Way) unless you want a lecture about cultural relativism. They'll accept "merry Christmas" or "happy [insert specific holiday here]", though. They may not know what those holidays even are, but they know they mean something to you, and they'd rather the expression mean something to someone. Having said that, Take heart, friend, for the days grow longer is pretty neutral to a human ear, so you could say it to anyone, which ironically makes it sound more like happy holidays when said between humans.

Oh, interesting!

Externally, the expression is inspired by my own seasonal affective disorder :(. The good news is that the days are in fact getting longer from here on out. Yay!

Ah, I know the feeling.

Code: Select all

BD      rmr-g         sjr-p           b  spr-p
what_is today-3.INDEF tomorrow-3.DIST of yesterday-3.DIST
What is today but yesterday's tomorrow

The gloss is an obvious Spongebob reference. I just needed to come up with some time adverbs so I could start incorporating tense into Commonthroat. Turning the adverbs into nouns by adding noun suffixes may or may not be a thing.

DC-sJkrg

from DC (under) + sJkr (to lie down on the belly) literally "that which lies beneath"

The Underlay. A subspace that allows FTL communication and eventually FTL travel via Mass Router

HMLHGp

from H (no, none) + ML (thing) + -HG (an instance of, an event of)

The Void, (Hell)

You know when you wake up at 3 AM, but can't go back to sleep because you start replaying some bad memory in your head? Imagine that, but you can't see, feel, touch, taste, or smell anything. You have no proprioception. You're just a unsensing mind floating in a solipsistic bubble, being gnawed by your own sins and regrets for all eternity. That is the yinrih's idea of hell. As for how you end up there... I don't know yet.

It's also called HMLHGp rnLqCq (The Blind Void), especially in oaths and profanity.

There's a belief among the particularly superstitious that the Underlay is The Void, and that the yinrih are routing all their communication through the realm of the damned. This belief is officially rejected by the Bright Way, but it persists nonetheless. Dropped or garbled messages are said to be due to damned shades desperately seeking sensation of any kind.

Whoa! This is fascinating.

conlang-creature:

Spoiler:

I like the look of this language! Is "moon" nqora or ngora, if I might ask? Is the <r-> in rvet syllabic?

Thanks! I'll try and answer these questions, but I'm on my phone, so apologies for any mistakes.

Thank you for your responses! No worries at all.

Is "moon" nqora or ngora, if I might ask?

Nqora, technically. I mistyped it.
In this case, it doesn't really matter. The sound is ŋ,
but to avoid caps, double letters, and diacritics (not that I'm opposed to diacritics, I just didn't prioritize finding a keyboard layout with them), I transcribed ŋ as q (I think this one came from some joke somewhere tbh). I have a feeling that's not intuitive to pronounce, so I've been attempting to transcribe it as nq on this forum.

Oh, sorry for the misunderstanding! It's not exactly the same, but for whatever it's worth, I believe Fijian uses <q> for /ᵑɡ/.

Is the <r-> in rvet syllabic?

If I've got the definition right, no. Verlonqa just has decently sized consonant clusters. (C)CV(C)

Ah, got it!

njes - sweet

kejget - to ask

Nanarmomod - Twentyfirst Day
gehrot - to describe, detail, retell (of a story)*

Selvar, pensar los peka, teblemo gehrot baban.
selva-r, pensa-r los peka, te-blemo gehrot baba-n
flavor-PL, this-PL in meal, ADV-good describe PAST-3SG
He described the flavors in the dish well.

*describing something unknown is more likely kallat

These are probably my favorites out of the words you've posted for this week.

**Brelo is an edible weed and the classic "vegetable children hate" of the conworld.

Fun!

KaiTheHomoSapien:

Spoiler:

I'm fond of these words as well. Also, I feel like I'm the same way when it comes to nouns vs. verbs, for whatever reason. If I might ask, is the absence of <h> /x/ before <t> /t/ in the aorist regular?

Always appreciate your commentary and feedback, shimo. That's part of why I enjoy Lexember.

And yes, it is regular, although it's actually a matter of it following the vowel rather than preceding the /t/ (it could be any consonant). /ax/, /ux/, /ex/, /ix/ lose the "laryngeal" in the aorist. In Arculese, these vowel + /x/ combinations appear as long vowels, with the vowel shortening in the aorist.

Thank you!

Oh, very interesting!

réku - salt

gen. rkués /r̩.ˈkʷes/

I like the genitive form because of the syllabic /r/.

sískrami - I grind, mill, crush [grain, grapes, other food items]

aor. éskran perf. séskraher

This verb has reduplication in the present stem. So the imperfect form would be esískran "I was grinding". Note the augment is usually unaccented in the imperfect but accented in the aorist.

Excellent!

lákants - wheat, emmer

gen. lakntés /la.kn̩.ˈtes/

This word refers to slightly different grains in different areas. It is usually translated as "wheat". It can also refer to flour rather than the plant itself. Note that /l/, /r/, and /n/ can all be syllabic in Lihmelinyan.

Cool!

hraíkami - to yell, call, shout /'xrai̯.ka.mi/

aor. ehríkan perf. hehraíkaher

Note that verbal stems in Lihmelinyan never begin with vowels. Though the Arculese cognate stem of this verb is simply reik- "to shout". The initial laryngeal consonant is lost.

Very nice!

spanick:

Spoiler:

Yemya
phaskh /pʰɑskʰ/ n. “bread” exact origins unknown but apparently cognate to Armenian հաց and therefore ultimately from PIE *peh₂-

Lovely! phaskh reminds me of this.

Yinše
k’uuko /kʼuːko/ n. “chicken, gallus domesticus” inspired by the Cuccos from Zelda.

Fun!

Yemya
tujva /tuʝʋɑ/ n. “language” from PIE *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s

I love tujva as a reflex of *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s and just in general.

Yinše
sewæyinše /sewæjinʃe/ n. “poem; poetry” literally “beautiful speech” from sewæ “beautiful” and yinše “speech, language”. Yinše itself from yiin “to speak” plus -še “resultative noun”.

sewæyiin /sewæjiːn/ v.tr. “to recite poetry”

Cool! Is yeyin "word" from Day 21 related as well?

Yinše
yaa'a /jaːɁa/ v.itr. “to yell” onomatopoeic. Transitive forms require applicatives: mayaa’a “to yell at someone”, ʼiiyaa’a “to yell for someone; to cheer"

Yinše
‘iskaa /ʔiskaː/ v.tr. “to curse someone”

Yinše
sææ’æ /sæːʔæ/ v.itr. “to whisper”

Yinše
‘ayoo /ʔajoː/ v.tr. “to greet someone”

These are all great. ‘iskaa might be my favorite, if I had to pick.

If I might ask, what is your "source" for *yuyéh₂s? I tried Googling it, but the only result was this thread, haha.

My bad, the actual entry in Wiktionary is *yéwos but I'm using one of the other formations. It was originally written with hyphens so I took them out. Link here: https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstr ... y%C3%A9wos

Ah, got it! Thank you very much!

Yemya
ślauj /ɕlauʝ/ v. “to lie; to tell a lie” from PIE * h₂lewgʰ

Yemya
bośna /boɕnɑ/ n. “voice” from PIE *bʰoh₂-néh₂ from the root *bʰeh₂-.

There's a good chance I've said this at least once before, but I really like *h₂ > /ɕ/.

Yemya
batha /bɑtʰɑ/
1. n. “judgment; sentence; declaration”
2. adj. “spoken”
Both from PIE *bʰh₂-tó-s from the root *bʰeh₂ “to speak, say”. (NB: this is going to show up a lot this week, as it’s a very productive root).

Ah, that makes sense! It's nice to be able to compare several different words all derived from the same root.

Yemya
baśe /bɑɕe/ v. “to declare, to state, to affirm” from PIE *bʰh₂-sḱéti cognate to Greek φάσκω

Awesome!

Yinše
tooye /toːje/ v.tr. “to choose, to decide, to pick, to vote”

My turn to borrow a word inspired by another. Thanks for the cool word, Shimo!

Hannaito (Entry 21):

toye /toye/ [ˈto.je]

Whoa, thank you! I'm glad you liked it!

Arayaz:

Spoiler:

Thank you for your kind words! "A raincloud never takes honey" is, of course, a Winnie the Pooh reference.

Oh, I didn't know that! Very nice.

Šne’ódn nadzá’e “to sing loudly and deeply, to sing from the chest”

Ruykkarraber surru “to sing”

These are probably my favorites out of the words you've posted for this week.

Knox Adjacent:

Spoiler:

Day 19
-yal̪aka-la- v.i. refuse (decline a request) ("no-say")
-lawur-ta- v.i. scream; yell; shout; howl ("scream-say")
-ta-mumu-la- v.t. call X son; be father to ("APPL-son-say")

Delocutives ahoy

I like these a lot, especially the third one.

Day 18
-raŋ adj. false; untrue
-raŋta- v.i. lie ("lie-say")
-ta-raŋta- v.t. lie about

C.F. -la- (PST -laya) v. say; vocalize

Day 22
wi-yaɻmaɻ n. rambling (c.f. below)
-yaɻmaɻta- v.i. ramble (talk or write incessantly, unclearly, or incoherently, with many digressions)

Day 23
-miɳʈam- v.i. admit (concede as true); own up; confess

I'm quite fond of how all of these words sound as well.

Shemtov:

Spoiler:

B'eŋxab'ad
/ɓɛŋʐaɓad/
[ɓɛŋʐaɓað]
Noun.
1. "Syllable"
2. "Rhyme [Linguistic sense]
Note: Historically a compound word; B'eŋxa "To split; To Fracture" + Zab'ad "Word"; Thus, "Split Word" or Fractured Word". When distinguishing between the two definitions, Definition 1 may be modified with the adjective for "Big", and definition 2, with the adjective for "Small"

Cool!

General note: Much of the vocabulary surrounding grammar, orthography, religion and philosophy (so next week) was borrowed from Old Hic'agese, a language related to Zeigouŋdeizese, both being in the Peninsular-Serelian branch of Waanic, as Hic'ag was the main cultural center of Southwest Waan, before Zeigouŋdeiza took its place. This explains some irregularities in compounding, as Hic'agese, and the Serelian subbranch in general, has a rich system of sandhi lacking in Zeigouŋdeizese and the Peninsular subbranch at large. The fact that /ʐ/ occurs in these loans is a happy coincidence, as Old Hic'agese had the cognate phoneme as /ɣʲ/, which was adapted to old Zeigouŋdeizese as /ʑ/, which shifted to /ʐ/ before the language at the time of documentation. Meanwhile, Hic'agese fused /ɣʲ/ with /ɣ/, which was borrowed into Zeigouŋdeizese as /g/. Borrowings from Hanese in these semantic spheres may be filtered through Hic'agese, though not always; For example, both Waanic language independently borrowed /t͡ʃi/

Very interesting!

_Just_A_Sketch:

Spoiler:

Lexember Day 19
Hɛlcɛso
Hɛlwɛt /xɛlwɛt/
Noun - inan. - a secret, a prayer

Etymology - nominalized form of Hɛlwɛ "to whisper"

Lexember Day 20
Hɛlcɛso
anxa /ɑnɕɑ/
Verb - to ask, to question

I really like how these words sound! I'm also a fan of how hɛlwɛt can mean "secret" or "prayer".

It seems I have once again been struck by conlanging burnout. I'm really not surprised though, since I did spend nearly a whole semester conlanging (I believe that's the longest Ive gone without burnout). However, Ill try to push through and finish Lexember! I'm also getting several books on conlanging soon so lets hope those renew my interest in conlanging :)

Oh, I'm sorry to hear that! I know the feeling, certainly. Best of luck, and I hope you enjoy your new books!

Khemehekis:

Spoiler:

Bonus word: nunin: holy, sacred

uwo
being, entity

khudash: patient (of a verb) (khudu, to undergo + -ash, agent noun suffix)

mazash: agent (of a verb) (maz, to do + -ash)

okhan: verb

loñoy
myth, legend

azip: named (postposition) (tweak of azep, name)
medamekh: pyramid (structure)
yokhuhiduphani: (A) to time-travel; time travel (yokh, four + hidu, dimension + phani, to travel; travel)

kushem
(T) to admit (to), to confess (to)

Bonus words: loyas: (H) to be disposed to, will

I'd say that these are probably my favorites of the words you've posted for this week.

Daselesob shol Leshelepha azip salina da loñoy da medamekh sil yokhuhiduphani.
Tzełethik have Leshelpha named girl 1* myth *1 pyramid through time-travel
The Tzełethiks had a myth about a young woman named Leshelpha, who time-traveled through a pyramid.

New words: Daselesob: Tzełethik (the old culture on Kankonia that spoke the precursor to the Kankonian language) (Kankonian borrowing adapted into Shaleyan, with the suffix -ob, equivalent to -ese or -ian)

Interesting!

qwed117:

Spoiler:

Got sick and now need to do more catch-up

Oh no, I'm sorry to hear that! I hope you feel better soon.

tér3 prep according to, as stated by
ti'1chang2 v to point to, to indicate
guò3 cnj or
bik3 adj hard
sül1 adj soft
bik3 lük1jè2 n phrase consonant
sül1 lük1jè2 n phrase vowel

Very nice!

[lurker]

Dawn of the Twenty Fourth Day. 157 Hours Remain

rnL-qCq-Cb

from rnL (not) + qCq to see + -Cb (cause something/someone to become) literally "to cause not to see"

Verb
To blind (transitive)

Used in the profane expression <L rLPqp rnLqCqCbb> "Light blind [you/it]!" loosely "[God] damn it!"

A derived expression is:

Code: Select all

L   rLPq-p       RnL-qCq-Cb-b         rjqdB-Mr      rpMr
may light-3.DIST not-see-CAUSITIVE 0, memory-3.PROX happy
Happy memories, damn it! 

This could be translated loosely (and very ironically) as "fun for the whole family", which is an even loftier promise given that yinrih families consist of up to twelve genetic parents (six male sires and six female dams) and a litter of pups, of equal or greater number than the parents, so around 24 individuals give or take. More broadly the expression means something like "mandatory fun".
[

[Shemtov]

Day 24:
Weid
/we:d/
[weɪð]
Noun:
1. Common Knowledge
2. A concept in Zeigouŋdeizese Religion that may be freely rendered as "The Self-Evident Universal Truth and Knowledge".
3. Common sense

Day 25:
C'u
/t͡ʃ'u/
[t͡ʃ'u]
Noun
1. Deity
2. Anything divine

Day 26:
Juluzi
/d͡ʒuluθi/
[d͡ʒuluθi]
Noun.
1. One of the ancient sages recognized as authoritative in Zeigouŋdeizese Religion
2. Highest rank of male clergyperson in Zeigouŋdeizese Religion.

Day 27:
Alzizi
/alθiθi/
[älθiθi]
Noun.
Seer; Prophet (Zeigouŋdeizese Religion)
Note: the fact that these words end in -zi was a coincidence of my word creating process, but I think I now have an agentive nomalizing suffix, and these words come from Julu "To expound; To teach publicly" and Alzi "to communicate with the divine", a Hic'agese loan that is a doublet of native Alhi "To dream"


Day 28.
Aatim
/a:tim/
[ɑ:tim]
Noun
1. Soul (Zeigouŋdeizese Religion)
2. Consciousness

Day 29.
Yujim
/jud͡ʒim/
[jud͡ʒim]
Noun
Plane of Existence; Level of reality (Zeigouŋdeizese Religion)

Note: the fact that these words end in -im was a coincidence of my word creating process, but I think I now have an abstract noun suffix -(i)m, Aat meaning "To be conscious" and Yuji being an older word for "to layer"

Day 30.
Łiin
Noun
/ɬi:n/
[ɬi:n]
1. The Trinity of highest knowable deities in Zeigouŋdeizese Religion: Father, Mother and Child.
2. Title added to the name of the three deities that make up Definition 1
Note: Loan from Hanese /li:n˥/ "Deity", as the concept of the highest deities being a Trinity of Father, Mother and Child is borrowed from Hanese religion, though in Hanese religion, there were two Trinities: One Patriarchal with a son as Child, and the other Matriarchal, with a daughter as Child. In Zeigouŋdeizese Religion, though is only one such trinity, and the gender of the Child is "Unknowable" or "Both Male and Female", depending on the "Denomination" of said Religion.
The High Tone in the Hanese source word is why the word begins with /ɬ/, not /l/, as the Hanese dialects most in contact with speakers of the Peninsular-Serelian branch of Waanic had [l̥] or [ll̥] (more precisely, [ ̬l̥]) as an allophone of /l/ in high-tone syllables.

I am currently working on a post or series of posts on Zeigouŋdeizese Religion to be posted in the conworlding part of the forum

[zyma]

Day 25

---

Hannaito (Entry 25):

djime /dime/ [ˈd͡ʑi.me]
Noun:
1. god, deity, divinity
2. demon, spirit, being, entity
3. hero, figure, character (in mythology & folklore)
4. idol; a representation of a god
5. someone of great skill

Etymology
From Proto-Hannaitoan *diyme "skill, talent, power, might, strength, ability".

[Pabappa]

Im going to focus on politics for the rest of this month since that's what I've been working on all along.

Play

ŋupa, an economic system, from MRCA ŋup ga, something to do with natural resources, but whose meaning I havent defined yet. It's likely that it will refer to some very specific tangible food item and only in Play does the meaning broaden to include natural resources as a whole.

tummupa, capitalism, from the above word suffixed to Play tum, which is a merger of two MRCA phrases, tu uŋu and əndən ŋu, again with meanings I havent yet tied down, but which evolved in Play to mean "work, gather power" and "industry, coordinated work" before merging into the single form /tum/ late in the maturation of Play. These words are not cognate to Play matu "corporation" but many speakers of Play believe that they are because -m is a common Play suffix. /mŋ/ > /mm/ is a regular Play change.

tinuŋupa, communism, at least as I define it in my writing. The MRCA etymology is gam mbinu, to reach outside, and it still retains that meaning in Play when used outside the context of economics. As in our world, the philosophy I call communism in my writing is very complex and can't be succinctly described in just a single word, but this is the name that its earliest promoters chose because it refers to a system in which economic enterprises must *reach outside* their own capacities to cooperate with those in similar and in different lines of work, and implies that this is voluntary on their part rather than being forced by the government.

I also came up with a playful translation, Pimmappāsi Tinupāsi Mivāsipeu , for the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. No such name will exist in my writing, but the individual words will. Here I've used pimmap "committee" to mean soviet, and the word for socialist means "succeeding by reaching out", with the /pāsi/ suffix that also appears on the previous word. The last word means an alliance (peu) of independent nations (miva); the /:si/ part is a combining form of /šeŋi/ (which rarely appears on its own) and also appears in the /pāsi/ morpheme (pa + šeŋi).

[Iyionaku]

Lexember 25 - Yélian

færnaûl [ˌɸœɾnɐ.ˈuːl] - martyr
Etymology: new root; purposefully created with rare characters (in Yélian) such as f, æ, and û; with the latter there are only three roots in my entire lexicon that use it.

Irregular plural: færnúin

A'logor yinakolkit, cut can renut robipavinquet bats færnaûl.
[ɐˈlo:gɔ̈d̟ ɕɨnɐˈkolkɨt, kʉt‿an ˈɾeːnʉt ɾɔ̈ˌbiːpɐˈviŋkə‿bat͡s ˌfœɾnɐ.ˈuːl]
DEF.ANIM=prophet PST-burn_to_death-INV.3SG.ANIM, but for 1PLEX.OBL FUT-be_remembered-3SG being martyr
The prophet was burnt to death, but for us he will live on as a martyr.

[lurker]

Dawn of the Twenty Fifth Day. 127 Hours Remain

snp

[yip, short high strengthening grunt]

Adjective
Holy

derived terms:
snp-g: a saint
sm-snp: unholy, profane

sLg
[yip, long low weak grunt, short low weak growl]

noun
1. heat
2. body heat
3. soul, life force
4. The infrared blackbody radiation produced by a living body

Some more religious vocabulary today, sort of adjacent to the season. I wanted the yinrih to link the soul to something other than the traditional human notion of breath. ("spirit" and "animate" both originally had to do with breathing). Since the yinrih's visual spectrum drops down to the level of infrared radiation, I figure they'd link the soul to the soft glow of body heat. Yinrih actually run a bit hotter than humans, just as dogs do. They also require about 100 extra Calories per day compared to a human, also just like dogs.

[Arayaz]

Saturday, Lexember 23

Theme: Speaking, Speech, Speech Acts, Verbal Communication, Spoken Language, Vocalization

Ruykkarraber yai “to yell, to scream”

Kubrag yain be radye! “He’ll hear you (if you) scream!”
2sg.INF-4 scream-2 3sg.AN.1 percieve

• nothing interesting to note, so ¯\_(ツ)_/¯

Sunday, Lexember 24

Theme: Culture, Ideas, Philosophy, Beliefs, Customs

Ruykkarraber sbur “(old and) wise”

Iddu sbures in taren ag; be tesik turegkasskis in tar! “Iddu isn’t wise, he’s a f*cking woodworker!”
Iddu wise-3 as COP-2 NEG / 3sg.AN.1 plagued wood-4-alter-AGN.AN as COP

• A bit more characterization for Iddu, one of my three characters in Ruykkarra.
• I’m guessing Tek said this sentence; she’s a medium-close relative of Ruya’s, who is Iddu’s partner.
• I also got to invent an expletive for this, so that’s fun.

Monday, Lexember 25

Theme: Culture, Ideas, Philosophy, Beliefs, Customs

Ruykkarraber garri “fate, destiny, ultimate outcome”

Serres-krasu garri dabites in tar. “Your fate is unlikely to change.”
2sg.FRM-3-approach fate unbending-3 as COP

• One’s garri is not quite their English “fate,” but rather the ultimate state that they will settle out into. The Ruykkarranat conceptualization of a person’s life is not unlike a plot diagram, and one’s garri is simply what their life will be like when everything calms down.

[Khemehekis]

Shaleyan

Day 24

dakhanazakhi
cult
dakh, leader + nazakhi, religion

Keyob wukhin khanap yana ba pomasash leday dakhanazakhi.
islander develop blue skin of visitor based_on cult
The islanders developed a cult around the visitor with blue skin.

Bonus words: keyob: islander (key, island + -ob, equivalent to -ese or -ian)
pomasash: visitor (pomas, to visit + -ash, agent noun suffix)

Day 25

sipeniphasham
the Right
sipen, left + phasham, ideology

sipeniphashami
right-wing, rightist
sipeniphasham + -i, suffix for adherents of a belief system

khomaniphasham
the Left
khoman, right + phasham, ideology

khomaniphashami
left-wing, leftist
khomaniphasham + -i

Sipeniphasham phalos sol khomaniphasham zilaph hokha minu da da od pazesh.
Right believe that Left destroy try everything 1* *1 3p.ANIM have
The Right believes the Left is trying to destroy everything they have.

You've probably noticed that, when speaking about politics, the words "left" and "right" have the opposite meaning from their meanings in Terran languages like English and French. How did this come to be? It all started with a Nolan-type chart of moral beliefs, the Mesoshabaz Chart.

Early as the Shaleyans were visiting other planets and getting to know peoples from these planets, with their differing governments and their intranational culture wars, one Shaleyan woman named Nanida Mesoshabaz (whose surname translates as "black bark" in Shaleyan) developed a foursquare chart of the four basic moral ideologies that people in anthropic societies had. The vertical axis represented belief in objective morality/Natural Law. The horizontal axis represented whether the ideology was socially permissive or socially restrictive.

On the top left of a Mesoshabaz Chart was shikhaphashami (traditionalist). These were people who believed that the traditional, old ways rooted in long-standing religions and ancient customs was objectively the morally right way, and that everyone who fell short of these ideals of conduct, including those in other cultures, was doing wrong. On the bottom left was sephelephashami (social conformist). These were people who believed one must always conform to the norms of his/her society, and whatever society said was wrong, was wrong. Social conformists, unlike traditionalists, had an ethos of "When in Rome, do as the Romans do", so they considered the rules for what was right and wrong different for each culture. On the top right was khinezewiniphashami (Lockean). These were people who believed in freedom for the individual, shuffling off repressive social norms and laws that violated people's God-given rights. Lockeans not only believed in an objective, pro-freedom morality that came from above, but believed it was morally wrong to stop someone from exercising his or her free choices if his/her actions did not hurt other people. Finally, on the bottom right was wapheyiphedesi (moral relativist). These people really did not believe in such a thing as right and wrong, in a real sense, existing much at all. Moral relativists believed that an individual or many individuals could only believe that something was right or wrong, but that didn't make it so in an objective way.

Nanida Mesoshabaz chose the top:objective morality/bottom:no objective morality scheme because traditionalists and Lockeans, at the top, believed that morality came from above, from a higher power, while social conformists and moral relativists did not.

But why did she choose the right:permissive/left:restrictive scheme? Shaleyans, like other humans, are usually right-handed. When Mesoshabaz pictured "taking an ideology" with one's hand, she pictured someone reaching out her right hand, as was more instinctive for right-handed people. Of course, the Shaleyans, as a result of the genetic engineering that created their race, have it in their nature to "reach out for" the socially permissive/liberal views. After all, these people have no problem with homosexuality, bisexuality, threesomes, public nudity and public masturbation, all sorts of mind-altering substances, gambling, prostitution, pornography, talking about sex and bodily functions anytime and anywhere, speaking loudly everywhere, sitting on the floor instead of in a chair, going out in public or to fancy dances and expensive dinners looking shabby and unshaven, long hair, etc. Men and women are free to do the same things, and people are free to identify as transgender, non-binary, or even genderfluid. Even though right-handed people are in the majority, no Shaleyan ever tried to change kids who were left-handed. So the views that you would naturally "pick up" were on the side that you would most likely naturally reach for -- from a Shaleyan's point of view.

And that, my friends, is how left came to mean right and right to mean left in the Shaleyan political lexicon.

[Pabappa]

Thanks, I like the right/left story.

-------------------------------------------

While we may think of capitalism and communism as two distant poles, to the Play speakers and others in their world they are very similar. This is because nations in their world also use economic systems that are far out of bounds of our world's morality ... particularly slavery and piracy.

The Play word vimi means to be a pirate, defined as anyone who steals tangible goods or money from a foreign nation. Thus, shoplifting is not piracy (because pirates must not steal from their own nation), and human trafficking is not piracy (because pirates must not abduct humans). Piracy need not be sea-based; a group of people crossing the border into a foreign nation, looting stores, and running back to safety in their home nation would call themselves pirates for so doing. Nonetheless, it has long been the case that most organized piracy operations are based on islands and are constantly patrolling areas well beyond their shores, as this makes them more difficult to attack. A sea-based pirate would use the verb pivimi or pesuimi, the latter implying being part of a larger operation.

To a great extent, the success of piracy promotes further piracy, as economies victimized by the pirates resort to piracy themselves as capitalism and communism both become unprofitable. Many nations thus fund small pirate organizations based outside their home territory, saying that not to do so would mean their economy would be unfairly victimized by the nations around them. These nations are not considered to be pirate-based because only a small part of their wealth comes from piracy. On the other hand, there are many small pirate operations that are independent of all nations and exist only to serve themselves, refusing to ally even with each other. These are almost exclusively sea-based and sometimes also attack each other. Also, nations who maintain pirate operations in distant lands run the risk of seeing those pirates defect from the parent nation and become independent.

The word vapivimi indicates a piracy operation that has its own nation, and where that nation is run by a separate political party. This would be the case for all piracy operations that are not merely an arm of some larger nation.

I dont have a specific word in place yet to describe a nation that runs entirely on piracy ... the word above is actually a verb. I could simply use the words I've come up with in previous posts, and produce compounds such as vimivap, but I will not commit to this because I think they may consider themselves to be a class apart from the nations employing what we consider traditional economies.

I will write about slavery tomorrow.

[zyma]

Day 26

---

Hannaito (Entry 26):

uddoq /uddoʔ/ [ˈʊd.dɔʔ], [ˈʔʊd.dɔʔ]
Noun:
1. custom, fashion
2. habit, practice
3. tradition
4. mores, norms
5. ritual, rite
6. ceremony
7. religion, faith, belief
8. purview, responsibility

Etymology
From Proto-Hannaitoan *luddoq "cycle, habit, rotation". Cognates include Gampyo ludo "law, rule" and Fiigarazg luddə "wheel".

[Iyionaku]

Lexember 26 - Yélian

fadgúvenal [fɐˈduːʋənɐl] - last will and testament [Southern Standard]
guvodabato [ˈguː̥ʋɔ̈dɐˌbaːto] - last will and testament [Northern Standard]

Etymology I: fad- "terminative prefix" + gúvenal "writing"
Etymology II: guvod "piece of writing" + abato "last"

[spanick]

Lexember 24

Yemya
yajna /jɑʝnɑ/ n. “sacrifice, worship” this is one of the main rituals performed by the priestly school of the Taivtha religion. These rituals are performed by the yaśthor /jɑɕtʰor/ (priests).

One notable example of a yajna is the jayayajna /ʝɑjɑjɑʝnɑ/ in which a horse is sacrificed to the god Tśau Phatar.

I’ve posted some details about Taivthaism, the religion of the Yemya before here: viewtopic.php?p=289569#p289569. I suspect this week will be a jumping off point for adding more to this post.

Yinše
šaa’ /ʃaːʔ/ stative verb “to be holy; to be sacred”

Lexember 25

Yemya
śvelya /ɕʋeʎɑ/ n. “sun” one of the śnasura, nature spirits and gods that take a second at role in Taivthaism. In Gaitha Horra, is portrayed as a goddess, the daughter of Tśau Phatar and Phutśauya Mater but in later traditions, Śvelya is conceived as male. As a male deity, śvelya is sometimes called śokh Phatar “the eye of the Father”. Through synecdoche, sometimes identified with Tśau Phatar. From PIE *sh₂wél-(i)-yos thus cognate to Surya and Helios.

Yinše
šaša’oš /ʃaʃaʔoʃ/ n. “spirit, ghost” not used in the sense of “soul” or “life source”from a reduplicated form of šaa’ plus the nominalizing suffix -š.

Lexember 26

Yemya
nyatha /ɲɑtʰɑ/ n. “behavior; ethics” from PIE *niH-tó-s itself from *neyH-

Yinše
k’aa /kʼaː/ n. 1. self 2. life-source 3. soul

k’aahaš /kʼaːhaʃ/ n. “transcendent source of being” literally something like “the one-self” or “the one-soul”. This should not be understood as “god” in the Abrahamic sense as k’aahaš is not understood as being a creator or even necessarily conscious. Rather, it is more of a principle and rather passive/static in nature. The analogy is often that of a spring from which flows water and all living creatures need the water to live.