The Priest Wrote the King a Letter

[Flavia]

MPhBSl
Pátel kuneu písim písal es.
priest king-DAT letter write-PST AUX
The priest wrote the king a letter.

Spoiler:

pátel: from Latin pater
kune: from Germanic *kuningaz, as PSl *kъ̏nędzь~gъ

[Kesshin]

Daas:
Ŝisai le se'kou lu te'tif li pu Oo'di
/ʂisai le seʔkou: lu teʔtix' li pu: o:ʔdi/
priest S pen.PST NOMI paper INANIM for king
(I kind of do my own version of glossing, if that's okay. I hadn't heard of it and developed it on my own unknowingly... Is it still understandable?)

The priest wrote a letter for the king.
Or
The priest penned a paper for the king.

The Daas people have little experience with a mailing system outside of what they've heard of from travelers, so no word for "letter" has arrived yet.
Also, that /ʂisai/ is a Japanese loanword from "司祭", /shisaiʔ/.

[VaptuantaDoi]

Mémoblien

Rhé prètrhou êcrivha ngå létro o rë.
/ɹe pʁɛːˈtɹu eːkʁiˈβa ŋɑ leˈtʁɔ ɔ ˈɹə/
the.M.NOM.SG. priest.NOM.SG write-3S.PST a.F.OBL.SG letter.OBL.SG to.the.MASC.OBL.SG king.OBL.SG
The priest wrote the king a letter.


Turunisi (Ternish)

R’iará a skratu n’iatra ar Pasisu
[ɾɐˈɾaˑ ʔɐ ˈʃkɾaˑθʊ ˈni͡aθɾɐ ɐɾpɐˈʃiˑʃʊ]
the.M.SG priest have.3S write-PPL a.F.SG letter to.the.M.SG king
The priest wrote a letter to the king.

[Itlani Jim]

Itlani:

Ta savór tanshedova ta darorese feryavór.
(the priest-NOM.SG letter-ACC.SG the king-DAT.SG write-ACT.PST-3SG.M)

"savek" = priest (savór [M], savél [F])

Itlani verbs in 3SG distinguish between (-or [M], -el [f] and -ad [D] "Deific".

[Knox Adjacent]

ṇamitil ṉaṇuṛi juṉataninu mayuŋtayt̰a.
ṇa-mitil ṉa-ṇuṛi ju-ṉa-ta-ninu ma-yu-ŋ-tay-t̰a
M-boy F-girl TOOL-F-AL-letter 3-3TOOL-SG>SG-write.on-PST
"The boy wrote the girl a letter" (lit. "The boy wrote the girl's letter)

I have substituted nouns for relevance. No ditransitives ftw.

[Utus]

Bahad:

Kohin katab maktub i malik.
[ko'çin kə'tab mək'tub i mə'lik]
priest 3SBJ.3OBJ.write lettter OBL king
"The priest wrote a letter for the king."

[HolyHandGrenade!]

Lai habři lái mûltí zikairai gäi kvitsü
[lai xa.ˈbɾi lai˥ ˈmɯl˥.ti˥ si.ˈkai.ɹai ɡəi ˈkwi.tʃʊ]
DEF priest DEF-LAT king-LAT write\3I>3I NDF-AC message-AC
The priest wrote the king a message

[HolyHandGrenade!]

Daas:
Ŝisai le se'kou lu te'tif li pu Oo'di
/ʂisai le seʔkou: lu teʔtix' li pu: o:ʔdi/
priest S pen.PST NOMI paper INANIM for king
(I kind of do my own version of glossing, if that's okay. I hadn't heard of it and developed it on my own unknowingly... Is it still understandable?)

Try this if you want to learn more proper glossing:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_g ... reviations

[YoungConlanger]

Russian:
Жрец написал королю письмо.
[ʐrʲet͡s nəpʲɪˈsal kərəˈlʲu pʲɪsʲˈmo]
priest PRF:write:PST.SG king:DAT letter
"A/the priest wrote the king a letter."

[VaptuantaDoi]

Ärque

Ełorqhion ozant aulmbo osqui.
[eˈɬoɾqʲʰon oˈd͡zant ˈau̯ɫʷᵐbo ˈosqʷi]
e-ł-orqhio-n oza=nt a-eulmbo o-asqui
REAL-do.with.hand.SG-word-FACT letter=3.PFV AGT-priest OBL-king
"The priest wrote the king a letter."

Here Ärque uses noun incoporation, in this case for two different reasons; firstly, the Ärque grammarians advise against having more than two independent arguments (in this case a subject and oblique object), and secondly the construction -ł-orqhio- oza= "to letter-write" is a fixed and common expression. This is why the other non-agentive argument, asqui, is not incorporated instead. That would only be the case if (a) the king was the topic or (b) the speaker wanted to imply that writing letters to kings was a frequent, customary action in general.

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