ɶʙ ɞʛ wrote: ↑25 Mar 2025 21:03
/pʰ t͡sʰ cʰ kʰ/
/b̃ d̃ ɟ̃ g̃/*
/b̥ d̥ ɟ̊ g̊ ʔ/
/m n ɲ ŋ/
/ɸ s ɬ ç χ/
/β̃~w̃ z̃ ɮ̃~l̃ ʝ̃~j̃ ʁ̃/
/w l j/
*Varies by dialect; for example /b̃/ can be realized as any of /m͡b̥ m͡b b̃ b̥͡m b͡m m͡ɓ̥ m͡ɓ ɓ̥ ɓ mˀ m̥/
C(R)V(C)
Coda allows only /b̥ d̥ ɟ̊ g̊ ʔ m n ɲ ŋ/; onset allows any consonant with an optional approximant afterward.
/i ʉ/
/ɪ ʊ/
/ɘ~ɘ̥/ (epenthetic, cannot carry tone)
/ɛ ʌ/
/a/
/ɪ̯æ ʊ̯ɒ/
/ei̯ ɘʉ̯/
/ai̯ au̯/
/ʌi̯ ɛu̯/
/ɪ̯æi̯ ɪ̯æʉ̯/
/ʊ̯ɒi̯ ʊ̯ɒu̯/
/ɪ̯eʉ̯ ʊ̯oi̯/
Tones on monophthongs: /˥ ˩ ∅/ written /V̄ Ṿ V/
Tones on diphthongs: /˥ ˩ ˥˨ ˩˦/ written /V̄ Ṿ V̀ V́/
Tones on triphthongs: /˧˥˧ ˧˩˧ ˥˨ ˩˦/ written /V̂ V̌ V̀ V́/
/jɪ̯ wʊ̯/ are realized as [jɘ̯ wɘ̯]
/t͡sʰjɘ̯êʉ̯j̃an b̃ɪ β̃jʊ̄n d̥ʌ̣b̥.līɲ mɛ̣ʔsjɪ̣b̃a ɸlèi̯ d̥ʌ̣b̥ mɪ̯ǽg̊sʉ̄ pʰwʌ̣i̯ d̃ɛm | nɘ́ʉ̯m jài̯β̃ɛlɪg̊ mɛ̣ʔsʉ̄t͡sʰīɟ̊ nɛn mād̥ɛ̣u̯s* d̃ʌ̄sɪ̯æ̣g̊* ǁ pʰwʌ̣i̯t͡sʰīɟ̊ z̃in ŋa mʌ̄jɛcʰʉ̣n χʊ̯ɒ̌i̯d̥sʉ̄ nɛn nād̥alɪ̯æ* | kʰi t͡sʰʉ̄n ŋa ɬjɛ̄z̃ɛ̄n kʰwʌ̄ʔsʉ̄ nɛn lānt͡sʰɪ̯æ* ‖ d̥āt͡sʰjɘ̯êʉ̯b̃a ŋa mʌ̄d̃ɛm b̥ɛ̄n ʝ̃an g̃ɛ̣g̊ɲɛd̥ ʔàu̯līɲ/
* Proper names
ph sh ch kh /pʰ t͡sʰ cʰ kʰ/
m n ñ ŋ /b̃ d̃ ɟ̃ g̃/*
p t c k q /b̥ d̥ ɟ̊ g̊ ʔ/
m n ñ ŋ /m n ɲ ŋ/
f s ś x h /ɸ s ɬ ç χ/
mf ns nł ñx ŋh /β̃~w̃ z̃ ɮ̃~l̃ ʝ̃~j̃ ʁ̃/
ŭ l ĭ /w l j/
ł /ǁ/
*Varies by dialect; for example /b̃/ can be realized as any of /m͡b̥ m͡b b̃ b̥͡m b͡m m͡ɓ̥ m͡ɓ ɓ̥ ɓ mˀ m̥/
C(R)V(C)
Coda allows only /b̥ d̥ ɟ̊ g̊ ʔ m n ɲ ŋ/; onset allows any consonant with an optional approximant afterward.
i u /i ʉ/
į o /ɪ ʊ/
e /ɘ~ɘ̥/ (epenthetic, cannot carry tone)
ą ę /ɛ ʌ/
a /a/
ią ua /ɪ̯æ ʊ̯ɒ/
ey ew /ei̯ ɘʉ̯/
ay aw /ai̯ au̯/
ęy ąw /ʌi̯ ɛu̯/
iąy iąw /ɪ̯æi̯ ɪ̯æʉ̯/
uay uaw /ʊ̯ɒi̯ ʊ̯ɒu̯/
iew oey /ɪ̯eʉ̯ ʊ̯oi̯/
Tones on monophthongs: /˥ ˩ ∅/ written /V̄ Ṿ V/
Tones on diphthongs: /˥ ˩ ˥˨ ˩˦/ written /V̄ Ṿ V̀ V́/
Tones on triphthongs: /˧˥˧ ˧˩˧ ˥˨ ˩˦/ written /V̂ V̌ V̀ V́/
/jɪ̯ wʊ̯/ are realized as yy ww [jɘ̯ wɘ̯]
Aa Ąą Cc Ee Ęę Ff Hh Ii Ĭĭ Įį Kk Ll Łł Mm Nn Ññ Ŋŋ Oo Pp Qq Ss Śś Tt Uu Ŭŭ Ww Xx Yy
Shyyêwñxan mį mfĭōn tę̣plīñ mą̣qsĭį̣ma flèy tę̣p mią́ksū phŭę̣y nąm, néwm ĭàymfąlik mą̣qsūshīc nąn Mātą̣ws Nę̄sią̣k ł phŭę̣yshīc nsin ŋa mę̄ĭąchụn huǎytsū nąn Nātalią, khi shūn ŋa śĭą̄nsą̄n khwę̄qsū nąn Lānshią. Tāshyyêwma ŋa mę̄nąm pą̄n ñxan ŋą̣kñąt qàwlīñ
/t͡sʰjɘ̯êʉ̯j̃an b̃ɪ β̃jʊ̄n d̥ʌ̣b̥.līɲ mɛ̣ʔsjɪ̣b̃a ɸlèi̯ d̥ʌ̣b̥ mɪ̯ǽg̊sʉ̄ pʰwʌ̣i̯ d̃ɛm | nɘ́ʉ̯m jài̯β̃ɛlɪg̊ mɛ̣ʔsʉ̄t͡sʰīɟ̊ nɛn mād̥ɛ̣u̯s* d̃ʌ̄sɪ̯æ̣g̊* ǁ pʰwʌ̣i̯t͡sʰīɟ̊ z̃in ŋa mʌ̄jɛcʰʉ̣n χʊ̯ɒ̌i̯d̥sʉ̄ nɛn nād̥alɪ̯æ* | kʰi t͡sʰʉ̄n ŋa ɬjɛ̄z̃ɛ̄n kʰwʌ̄ʔsʉ̄ nɛn lānt͡sʰɪ̯æ* ‖ d̥āt͡sʰjɘ̯êʉ̯b̃a ŋa mʌ̄d̃ɛm b̥ɛ̄n ʝ̃an g̃ɛ̣g̊ɲɛd̥ ʔàu̯līɲ/
* Proper names
Next:
/p b t̪ d̪ ʈ ɖ c ɟ k ɡ/
/p̃ m t̪̃ n̪ ʈ̃ ɳ c̃ ɲ k̃ ŋ/
/s̪ ʂ ç x/
/s̪̃ ʂ̃ ç̃ x̃/
/β˕ j/
/β̃˕ ȷ̃/
/ɽ/
/ɽ̃/
/l̪/
/l̪̃/
/p͡ɸʰ b͡β̤ t̪͡θʰ d̪͡ð̤ ʈ͡ʈ˕ʰ ɖ͡ɻ̤˔ c͡çʰ ɟ͡ʝ̤ k͡xʰ ɡ͡ɣ̤/
/ᵖ̃ɸ̃ʰ ᵐβ̤̃ ᵗ̪̃θ̃ʰ ⁿ̪ð̤̃ 𐞯̃ʈ̃˕ʰ ᶯɻ̤̃˔ ᶜ̃ç̃ʰ ᶮʝ̤̃ ᵏ̃x̃ʰ ᵑɣ̤̃/
/t̪ɽ ɟɲ kʂ çɽ/
/i iː u uː/
/ĩ ĩː ũ ũː/
/e̞ e̞ː o̞ o̞ː/
/ẽ̞ ẽ̞ː õ̞ õ̞ː/
/ä äː/
/ä̃ ä̃ː/
