The CBB

Phonology of Hi'im

/p b p͡f b͡v f v m/ p b p̆ b̆ f v m
/ t d t͡s d͡z s z n/ t d c d̆ s z n
/k g k͡x g͡ɣ x ɣ ŋ/ k g k̆ ğ h h̆ n̆
/ɦ/ '
/a e i o u/ a e i o u
No diphtongs.

Each verb has consonant cluster on a final position.
Syllable structure is (C)(V)(C)(C). (Yes - a vowel is optional).

TBPO wrote: ↑26 Apr 2024 15:05 Phonology of hi'im

/p b p͡f b͡v f v m/ p b p̆ b̆ f v m
/ t d t͡s d͡z s z n/ t d c d̆ s z n
/k g k͡x g͡ɣ x ɣ ŋ/ k g k̆ ğ h h̆ n̆
/ɦ/ '
/a e i o u/ a e i o u
No diphtongs.

Each verb has consonant cluster on a final position.
Syllable structure is (C)(V)(C)(C). (Yes - a vowel is optional).

You have an intriguing phonology here. Respect for bravery using /g͡ɣ/ out in the open. (I just don't see it much. I couldn't bring myself to actively use it, but it is in my current project's protoform.) Is it African inspired?

DV82LECM wrote: ↑27 Apr 2024 05:22

TBPO wrote: ↑26 Apr 2024 15:05 Phonology of hi'im

/p b p͡f b͡v f v m/ p b p̆ b̆ f v m
/ t d t͡s d͡z s z n/ t d c d̆ s z n
/k g k͡x g͡ɣ x ɣ ŋ/ k g k̆ ğ h h̆ n̆
/ɦ/ '
/a e i o u/ a e i o u
No diphtongs.

Each verb has consonant cluster on a final position.
Syllable structure is (C)(V)(C)(C). (Yes - a vowel is optional).

You have an intriguing phonology here. Respect for bravery using /g͡ɣ/ out in the open. (I just don't see it much. I couldn't bring myself to actively use it, but it is in my current project's protoform.) Is it African inspired?

No, it isn't. Hi'im isn't inspired by other languages.

p t k q
k͡x q͡χ
s x~χ h
β j l ɰ
β̰ j̰ l̰ ɰ̰
m n ŋ
m̰ n̰ ŋ̰

i u
ə
ɛ ɑ

x in free variation with x

thethief3 wrote: ↑28 Apr 2024 08:59 x in free variation with x

Are you once again noting the bug in the page/font that the velar and uvular fricatives look the same with some devices.

Something inspired by Mongolic.

p t tˠ t͡ɕ t͡ʃˠ k
b d dˠ d͡ʑ d͡ʒˠ
m n nˠ ŋ
s sˠ ɕ ʃˠ h~ɣ
ɬ ɬˠ
l lˠ j

Velarization is contrastive before front vowels. Postalveolar-palatal affricates and sibilants also contrast before back vowels.

Clusters of two consonants could appear frequently. Maybe Georgian-style words like bdol or maybe just over a syllabic boundary, lombge.

Nothing ready about vowels but /ø/ is included.

Shemtov wrote: ↑14 Apr 2024 20:09 Possible third version of Classical Hanese:
/p pʰ b t tʰ d t͡s t͡sʰ d͡z ʈ͡ʂ ʈ͡ʂʰ d͡ʐ t͡ɕ t͡ɕʰ d͡ʑ k kʰ g/ <p p' b t t' d c c' z ch ch' zh q q' j k k' g>
/m n ɳ ɲ ŋ/ <m n nh ń ŋ>
/s ʂ ʐ ɕ h/ < s sh r x h>
/l j w/ <l î w>

/ i ɨ ʉ u/ <i y ư u>
/e ɵ o/ <ê ơ ô>
/ɛ ɐ ɔ/ <e ă o>
/a:/ <a>

/iʉ iu ie iɵ io iɛ iɐ iɔ iɑ/ <iư iu iê iơ iô ie iă io ia>
/ui uɨ ue uɵ uo uɛ uɐ uɔ uɑ/ <ui uy iê iơ iô ie iă io ia>
/ai aɨ au aʉ ɐi ɐu ɐɨ ɐʉ ɛu ɔi oɨ/ <ai ay au aư ăi ău ăy ăư eu oi oy>
/iai iaɨ iau iɐi iɐu iɐɨ iɛu iɔi iɔɨ/ <iai iay iau iaư iăi iău iăy iăư ieu ioi ioy>
/uai uaɨ uau uaʉ uɐi uɐu uɐɨ uɐʉ uɛu uɔi uɔɨ/ <uai uay uau uaư uăi uău uăy uăư ueu uoi uoy>

/˩ ˥ ˥˩/ (shown on a) <a á ah>

Phonotactics: (C)V(C)

Final consonants: /p t k m n ŋ/

The falling tone can only occur on open syllables.

The consonant ineventory is inspired by Middle Chinese, and thus the <C' > for /Cʰ/ is inspired by Wade-Giles.

I'm thinking of adding a rising tone, allowing the falling and rising tones to occur on long nasal-final syllables, adding a length distinction for
/ i ɨ ʉ u e ɵ o a/, and adding diphthongs and triphthongs with / ɵ/ and /ɐ/ as off glides. I might romanize the tones (shown on <a>) as </˩ ˥ ˥˩ ˩˥/ <a á à ã>

Something inspired by Finnic languages

Stressed syllables (primary stress on the first syllable and secondary stress on every odd syllable)
y i ɨ u
ø e o
æ ɑ
(They can also lengthen.)

Unstressed syllables (every even)
y~u i~ɨ
æ~ɑ
(Cannot lengthen.)
The allophone is chosen based on backness of the preceding stressed syllable.

A simplish consonant inventory

p t t͡s t͡ʃ k
b d d͡z d͡ʒ g
s ʃ ç
z ʒ
m n
l r j

Voiceless obstruents are pronounced longer than the voiced ones when they appear in the non-initial position. Nasals and liquids have pure length contrast but it doesn't appear word-initially, of course.

Dreamlandic:

CONSONANTS:
/b n s r/
/p m k l/

Those on the top row are more common.

VOWELS:
/a e i o u ā ē ī ō ū/

Diphthongs are /eu oi au ai/ and /iV uV/ where V is any different vowel. The latter type, which are rising diphthongs, may be parsed as sequences; see below.

Syllable structure is (C)V with word-initial vowels very common, but internally the only allowed vowel sequences are those in the row above; these can be combined as in ieu but such sequences are rare.

Stress is weak, probably always on the second-to-last mora, where long vowels take two moras.

That's pretty much all I've got. There is very little allophony ... the only rule I have listed is that /k/ is [tʃ] before any /e i ē ī/. In the daughter languages, there may be rapid collapse into a Malagasy-type system, where two or even three of the vowels become non-syllabic, but this has not happened yet in the stage of the language I am working on. All I will say is that it has a rapid speech tempo.

I've been pondering this for a while but isn't k which is palatised before front vowels better romanised as *c?

Do you mean me, or in general? I dislike marking allophones. Whenever possible I use a Romanization that copies the native language's orthography, except when that orthography is needlessly complex, as some of mine are. For example Play has two rows of gylphs for the /ʃ/ syllables, depending on how they behave grammatically. I spell these as š and č, reflecting their origins. It's possible a Dreamlandic word with /ki/ being [tʃi] would be loaned into Play with the glyph for Play /či/, but since the č series has been /ʃ/ for such a long time, I may just use the /k/ series even there.

edit: i realized you meant perhaps that i should spell it as c everywhere? that would make sense, but i associate that spelling with Europe and it would feel odd in a language like this with a tropical feel (though admittedly, also some cultural traits in common with Europe).

To be fair, <c> is used for /c/ in Austronesian, Indian, and many Indochinese languages.

A lang that tries to be easy but still interesting, some inspiration from the Indonesian language.
p t k
b d g
s h
z ɦ
m n ŋ
l
ɹ j w

i ɨ u
e o
ä

Syllable structure (C1)(C2)V(C3)

C1 Any consonant but C2
C2 A semivowel ɹ j w
C3 {l n}

Allophony and constraints
/i/ cannot follow labials.
Velars realize as palatals before /i/.
Dentals are velarized before /ɨ/.
/j/ cannot precede /i/.
Glottals /h ɦ/ cannot appear word-initially.

Verbs could have some "exotic" inflectional categories like evidentiality and politines.

*b *d *g
*p *t *k
*s *h
*w *j
*m *n

*k is palatised before front vowels
*b *d *g do not contrast with their voiceless counterparts initially and sometimes alternate with them in inflection. They are reflexed as nasals or approximants in all known descendants.

*i *u
*e *o
*a

Any vowel can be long marked by doubling it. Any vowel can carry high tone but only one long vowel or part of it can carry high tone. In addition non-high vowels can be nasal.

thethief3 wrote: ↑06 May 2024 08:31 *b *d *g
*p *t *k
*s *h
*w *j
*m *n

*k is palatised before front vowels
*b *d *g do not contrast with their voiceless counterparts initially and sometimes alternate with them in inflection. They are reflexed as nasals or approximants in all known descendants.

*i *u
*e *o
*a

Any vowel can be long marked by doubling it. Any vowel can carry high tone but only one long vowel or part of it can carry high tone. In addition non-high vowels can be nasal.

Is this a protolang cos you use asterisk?

Does every word has just one high tone on one segment?

Omzinesý wrote: ↑06 May 2024 08:33

thethief3 wrote: ↑06 May 2024 08:31 *b *d *g
*p *t *k
*s *h
*w *j
*m *n

*k is palatised before front vowels
*b *d *g do not contrast with their voiceless counterparts initially and sometimes alternate with them in inflection. They are reflexed as nasals or approximants in all known descendants.

*i *u
*e *o
*a

Any vowel can be long marked by doubling it. Any vowel can carry high tone but only one long vowel or part of it can carry high tone. In addition non-high vowels can be nasal.

Is this a protolang cos you use asterisk?

Does every word has just one high tone on one segment?

you are correct on the last bit

i i: ɨ ɨ: u u:
e e: o o:
æ: ä ɒ:

I'm still repeating the phoneme inventory I've used many times. Phonotactics has something new.

p t t͡s k
s x
z ɣ
ɾ
m n ŋ
ʋ j l

y i u
yø ie uo
ø e o
ä

The most complex syllable is:
C1C2VCC4

C1: {p t t͡s k s x z ʋ[v]}
C2: {m n ŋ l ɾ}
C4: {s z}

A voiceless consonant preceding /z/ is voiced.

Vowels can be short or long. Long vowels might have distinctive flat and rising tones.

Consonants can be short or geminated.
Geminated consonants cannot follow long vowels.

Playing around with moraic /s/


Underlying
|w r y|
|s|
|a|

Surface
/p t k ʔ/
/s/
/w r j/

/i ə e a/

|ya wayaryas ssrsay asrsay yrasarassar sswassawrsaw|
/ki pəhká sstsaj astsaj ktasessar sspassawtsaw/

|aswasra wasayasr aya yasarayayas wasraasa wawa sass ayraya awa|
/ápasta pəsít i kisíː pə́taʔasa pə sass ajti ə/

|yayrasasrsssa yasay ysasa rsasa sarsaysaay yawra yasryawasa|
/kijtasastsssa kisaj ksasa tsasa satsajsaʔaj kiwta kistkəsa/

|ssasyararaas saarsay sarss sasraasrarsssa|
/ssákeːʔá saʔatsaj satss sastaʔastatsssa/