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Re: AMA on Indonesian

Posted: 06 Mar 2025 22:07
by Creyeditor
Yes, there are plenty. Here are some examples of the top of my head (and some going through word lists).

ke- -an
kemaluan genitals (< malu shame, be ashamed)
keterangan explanation (<terang bright)
keberatan objection (<berat heavy)
kesebelasan football team (<sebelas eleven)
keturunan heritage (<turun to go down)

-an
bayangan shadow (related to bayangkan to imagine)
adonan dough (related to mengaduk 'to mix')
bangunan building (< bangun wake up, get up)
bukaan or pempukaan cervical dilation (<buka to open)
cairan liquid (related to mencair to melt)
campuran mixed-race (< campur to mix)
celengan savings (<celeng wild board (Javanese))
dalaman underwear (<dalam inside)
durian durian (<duri thorn)
gorengan kind of street food (<goreng to fry)
kampungan (person who is) bumpkinish, hicklike, boorish (<kampung village)
keluarn product, production (<ke luar to the outside)
pakaian clothing (<pakai to use, to wear)
pasangan pair (<pasang to install)
rambutan rambutan, Nephelium lappaceum (< rambut hair)
rombongan large group of people (<rombong large basket)
tabungan savings (<tabung cylinder)
tanaman plant (related to tertanam stuck in the ground, buried)

peN-/per-
pengacara lawyer (<acara event)
pengadilan court (<adil just)
pengaman condom (<aman safe, secure)
pengantar guide (<antar to bring s.o. somewhere)
pendapat opinion (<dapat to get, to receive)
penduduk resident, inhabitant (<duduk to sit)
penyakit disease (<sakit to feel pain)
penerbit publisher (<terbit to rise)
penutup lid, cover (<tutup to close)
percuma pointless (<cuma only, but)

Re: AMA on Indonesian

Posted: 09 Mar 2025 23:00
by Creyeditor
Nominalizations III
The circumfix peN- -an derives action nominalizations.

penulisan the act of writing (<tulis, menulis to write)
penerjemahan
translation (<terjemah to translate)
pembacaan
reading (<baca, membaca to read)
pendaftaran registration (<daftar register)
pembangunan
development (<membangunkan to build)

These nominalizations can also refer to the result or the object of a verb.
pemandangan view, scenery (<memandang to observe)
pendapatan
income (<dapat to receive)
pembayaran payout, payment (<bayar to pay)

In certain situations, peN- -an can also derive locations.
penginapan place to sleep, shelter, accomodation (<menginap to spend the night)

Re: AMA on Indonesian

Posted: 13 Mar 2025 23:30
by Creyeditor
Nominalizations IV
peN- derives agent nominalizations.
penduduk 'inhabitant' (<duduk 'to sit')
penumpang 'passenger (related to menumpang 'to ride along, to catch a ride')
penonton 'viewer' (related to menonton 'to watch')
pekerja 'worker' (<kerja 'work')
pencinta 'lover' (<cinta '(to) love')

peN- derives instrument nominalizations.
penutup 'lid, cap' (<tutup 'to close')
pengaman 'condom; protection' (<aman 'safe, secure')
pengganti 'replacement, substitute' (<ganti 'to change')

peN- also derives people having certain properties.
penjahat 'villain' (<jahat 'evil')
pemabuk 'drunk person' (<mabuk 'drunk')
pemuda 'young person' (<muda 'young')

Some derivations are less easy to categorize.
penyakit 'illness' (<sakit 'pain; sick, ill')
pendapat 'opinion' (<dapat 'to receive')