SOMEONE~WHO, SOMETHING~THING~WHAT, PEOPLE, BODY
1. Who did it?
2. Someone took (ate, broke, etc.) it. I don’t know who.
3. What happened?
4. I did something bad.
5. What is this?
6. This thing is big/small.
7. They are good people.
8. Many people don’t know this.
9. Sometimes bad things happen to (good) people.
10. The body of a man is not like the body of a woman.
11. The stomach (liver, etc.) is part of people’s bodies, it is inside the body.
PARTS, KINDS
12. This thing (knife, axe, etc.) has two parts.
13. People’s (human) bodies have many parts.
14. There are two/many kinds of yam (bat, bird, etc.).
15. It looks like the same kind (of fish, bird, etc.). But it’s not. It’s another kind
16. There is (only) one kind of fish in this lake (one kind of bird in this forest, etc.)
THIS, THE SAME, OTHER~ELSE
17. This is good/bad.
18. This is a big/small basket (knife, bowl, etc.).
19. (I saw) these two people; all these people.
20. I saw the same person (or: the same people) the day after.
21. It happened at the same place/time, not at another place/time.
22. She did/said the same (the same thing).
23. Someone else did it.
ONE, TWO, SOME, ALL, MANY~MUCH, LITTLE~FEW
24. How many children does she have?
25. She has one child (two/many children).
26. How much water is there (in that well, bowl, etc.)?
27. There is much (little, very little) water here.
28. Many (or: not many) people live here.
29. (There were many people there.) After that, one/two (of them) left.
30. Some of these yams (lemons, etc.) are good, some are rotten.
31. In some places there are lots of fish (rabbits, birds, etc.).
32. There is water here.
33. Very few people live there now.
34. Many of them went to the east, some went to the west.
35. All his sons (daughters, etc.) are now married.
36. The fire burnt everything (e.g. in the house, on the island).
GOOD, BAD
37. Good people don’t do things like this.
38. This was good/bad for me.
39. It is good/bad if someone (or: people) does something like this.
40. I know this person/place well.
41. Some people can do this well, some people can’t.
THINK, KNOW, WANT, DON’T WANT
42. What are you thinking about?
43. I thought about it for a long time.
44. This person thinks something bad about me.
45. I thought like this: “ – – ”
46. Think well about it first (before you do it).
47. (Where is he now?) I don’t know. Maybe Mary knows.
48. He knows much (a lot) about things like this.
49. (She left yesterday). I know.
50. I want (don’t want) you to do it.
51. I want (don’t want) this to happen.
FEEL, SEE, HEAR
52. When you look at the stars at night, what do you feel?
53. When I swallow (something), I feel something very bad in my throat.
54. At that time (then), I didn’t feel anything.
55. I don’t feel anything bad towards him anymore.
56. I saw something (a dog, bird, etc.) there.
57. (After that), I saw something else.
58. She was singing – I heard it.
59. I hear something (over there in the bushes).
60. I couldn’t hear it.
SAY, WORDS, TRUE
61. ‘This is good’, I said.
62. What did he say?
63. He said something to her, but she didn’t hear it.
64. If I do this, people can say bad things about me.
65. She said the same (the same thing), but in other (i.e. different) words.
66. In language X, the word for ‘good’ is palya.
67. If you say one more word, ....
68. That’s not true.
DO, HAPPEN, MOVE, TOUCH
69. What did you do then (after that)?
70. Those people did something good for me.
71. What do people do with things like this (a spoon, needle, etc.)?
72. People do this with a knife (axe, stick, etc.).
73. Something good/bad happened to this person (to me).
74. At that moment, something happened inside him.
75. Something bad happened in that place.
76. (Look!) Something is moving over there.
77. Don’t move! (e.g. while putting on a bandaid or removing headlice)
78. I was very scared. I couldn’t move.
79. Something was touching my hand.
80. Don’t touch it! (It’s hot.)
THERE IS, (IS) MINE
81. There is someone in the garden.
82. There is/are no [e.g. water/spiders] here.
83. There are no ghosts (unicorns, etc.).
84. There are many kinds of nuts (yams, bats, etc.).
85. It’s mine.
86. It’s not yours. It’s mine.
87. I know it’s not mine. I want it to be mine.
BE (SOMEWHERE), BE (SOMEONE/SOMETHING)
88. What is on the table? I can’t see it.
89. I want to be with my mother (grandfather, father, etc.).
90. It was a long time ago. My father was a child at that time.
91. I don’t know what this is.
92. I don’t know who this is.
LIVE, DIE
93. [In story of olden days] These people lived for a long time.
94. Turtles (horses, whales, etc.) live for a long time.
95. At that time she was living with her mother.
96. Fish live in the sea.
97. All people die.
98. These people died a long time ago.
TIME~WHEN, NOW, BEFORE, AFTER, A LONG TIME, A SHORT TIME, FOR SOME TIME, IN ONE MOMENT
99. When did you do it? I did it when everyone was asleep.
100. I don’t know when it happened.
101. At the same time, something happened to me.
102. Sometimes I drink coffee in the morning, sometimes I drink tea.
103. This dog always barks at night.
104. They live in X now. They lived in Y before (this).
105. It happened beforehand/afterwards.
106. John was born before/after Harry (was born).
107. This happened a long time ago.
108. He was only there for a short time, but she was there for a long time.
109. She thought about it for some time.
110. It happened some time ago (i.e. some time before).
111. It happened in one moment.
PLACE~WHERE, HERE, NEAR, FAR, ABOVE, BELOW, ON (THIS) SIDE, INSIDE
112. Where is he now?
113. It didn’t happen here. It happened somewhere else (in another place).
114. Is it far from here?
115. Was Fred standing (sitting, etc.) near John?
116. The house (camp, etc.) is near the river.
117. It is far above the ground.
118. The head is above other parts of the body.
119. The feet are below other parts of the body.
120. John is now [standing/sitting] on this side (of me).
121. Mary was [standing/sitting] on my right-hand side, Sally was on my left-hand side.
122. They live on the other side of the river (mountain, etc.)
123. There were people standing on both sides of the road.
124. There is an insect inside this [e.g. walnut, apple].
125. Don’t open it. You don’t know what is inside.
126. Some people were in front of the house, others were inside.
BECAUSE, IF, MAYBE, CAN
127. There was a lot of noise (shouting, etc.). Because of this, I couldn’t sleep.
128. Why are you crying? Because he hit me.
129. If someone does this, something very bad can happen to people here.
130. Maybe he will come tomorrow, maybe he won’t (come tomorrow).
131. I can’t do it now, maybe my brother (friend, etc.) can.
132. I can’t do it now, but I can do it later.
133. I can’t not do it (i.e. I have to do it).
134. I can’t move my fingers (hands, etc.) now.
VERY, MORE
135. It is very good/bad/big/small.
136. This place [e.g. Gundaroo] is very far from here.
137. The stars (moon, etc.) are very very far.
138. When it happened to him, he felt something very very bad.
139. I very much want to do this.
140. More! (e.g. a child crying for food)
141. (I don’t know much about it.) I want to know more.
142. I want to see more.
143. She doesn’t live here anymore.
144. I want one more.
LIKE
145. This child is not like other children.
146. This is like lilac (or: any plant), but it is not lilac.
147. At a time like this; in a place like this.
148. He did it (sang, danced, etc.) like this: ...
149. It happened like this: ...
150. She sang like this: —— [to demonstrate loudness, pitch, voice quality, etc.]
: ![[tick]](./images/smilies/tickic.png "Tick"){kind=small}
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: ![[:|]](./images/smilies/icon_neutral2.png ":|"){kind=icon}
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: ![[:S]](./images/smilies/icon_confused2.png ":S"){kind=icon}
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: ![[:x]](./images/smilies/icon_shamesz.png ":x"){kind=icon}
Yélian.